How to define your type of temperament? This test will help you determine what type of temperament you are.
Neither temperament can be said to be "good" or "bad." Therefore, your task is not to try to change your temperament (this is impossible), but to competently use its positive aspects and try to neutralize negative manifestations.
In addition, no person has any kind of pure temperament. Usually it is a mixture of different types, but some still prevails. Try to determine what type of temperament you have.
We suggest you take a little test.
Mark next to each statement: + (matches you) or - (does not match).
Questionnaire text
1. You are restless.
2. You are hot-tempered and impulsive.
3. You are usually impatient.
4. You are proactive and decisive.
5. You are stubborn and even stubborn.
6. You are resourceful, quickly navigate the dispute.
7. The rhythm of your activity is uneven, spasmodic.
8. You like to take risks.
9. You easily forgive offenses.
10. Your speech is fast and emotional.
11. You often suffer from your imbalance.
12. You do not tolerate anyone's shortcomings.
13. You are attracted by everything new.
14. Your mood often changes.
15. You are a cheerful and cheerful person.
16. You are always collected, and the energy is in full swing.
17. You often give up halfway through what you started.
18. You do not always correctly assess your strength.
19. Your interests and hobbies change frequently.
20. You easily get used to new circumstances.
21. It is not difficult for you to be distracted from your affairs, and you quickly deal with someone else's problem.
22. Painstaking work that requires patience is not for you.
23. You are sociable and responsive.
24. You have a clear and loud speech.
25. You have excellent composure and do not panic even in difficult situations.
26. You fall asleep easily and wake up quickly.
27. It is difficult for you to concentrate and make an informed decision.
28. You are absent-minded and inattentive.
29. You are restrained and cold-blooded.
30. You are consistent in words.
31. You are careful and reasonable.
32. Endurance is peculiar to you, you know how to wait.
33. You are not too talkative and do not like empty chatter.
34. You have a measured and calm speech.
35. You distribute your strength correctly and never give your best.
36. You plan your business adhere to a clear daily routine.
37. You calmly accept criticism.
38. It is difficult for you to immediately switch to other activities.
39. You have smooth, good relationships with people.
40. You are accurate even in small things.
41. It is difficult for you to adapt to the new environment.
42. You are very slow.
43. You are shy.
44. The new environment confuses you.
45. You are not confident in yourself, in your abilities.
46. Loneliness does not bother you.
47. Failures and troubles unsettle you for a long time.
48. In difficult periods of life, you withdraw into yourself.
49. You are not too hardy, you get tired quickly.
50. You have a quiet, sometimes slurred speech.
51. You automatically adopt the character traits of the interlocutor and his manner of speaking.
52. You are very impressionable and sensitive.
53. You have high demands on yourself and the world around you.
54. Some suspiciousness and suspicion are inherent in you.
55. It's easy to offend you.
56. You are pleased when others empathize with you.
Well, did you answer the questions? Let's deal with the test results then.
The test has 4 groups of questions, each group contains 14 statements. In the first group (from 1 to 14 statements), a description of the choleric is given. In the second group (from 15 to 28 statements) - the characteristic of a sanguine person. In the third group (from 29 to 42 statements) - a portrait of a phlegmatic. In the fourth group (from 43 to 56 statements) - a description of a melancholic.
If in one of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament prevails in you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed in you to a significant extent. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the features of this type of temperament are poorly expressed.
Hans Eysenck's online temperament test also measures two personality parameters:
Extraversion / Introversion and Neuroticism / Stability. Together with 1 of 4 personality types (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic), they give a great variety in the manifestation of individual characteristics.
The test includes 57 non-repeating questions with a yes-no answer. The test includes a lie scale that detects biases in the answers. The test objects are Extraversion-Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability.
Instructions: determine the type of temperament according to Eysenck
When filling out Eysenck's online temperament test, you get three scales:
- "Scale of lies" - maximum includes 9 points. Measures how socially desirable your answers are. Those who scored 5 or more points on this scale may try to avoid honest answers because of the desire to be socially acceptable.
- The Extroversion scale has a maximum of 24 points and measures the degree of your extroversion.
- The scale of Neuroticism includes a maximum of 24 points and changes the degree of yours.
To interpret the scores, the E and N scales are plotted on a chart from which you can read your personality characteristics. The closer you are outside the circle, the more striking the personality traits. Please note that this online test is a very simplified scale. Therefore, if it turned out that the test showed something completely inconsistent with what you thought, then rather you are right, and the test is wrong.
These are questions about behavior, reaction, and feeling. Each question has two possible answers - Yes or No. Try to determine if your usual response is closer to Yes or to No. Answer quickly, do not spend too much time on each question, the first spontaneous reaction in the answer is usually the most accurate. It will take you no more than a few minutes to complete the test. Make sure not to miss any of Eysenck's 57 temperament test questions. Get started now, fill out quickly and try not to miss! There are no right or wrong answers, and this is not a test of intelligence or ability, but simply a test of how you behave.
Choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic - what is it?
These are 4 basic temperaments that characterize the types of personality behavior.
Hippocrates (V century BC) described four types of temperament, determined by the liquid that allegedly predominates in the body: sanguine (from Latin sanguis - blood), choleric (from Greek chole - bile), phlegmatic (from Greek phlegma - mucus) and melancholic (from the Greek melaina chole - black bile). Temperaments were understood by Hippocrates in a purely physiological sense.
Theoretical basis
Reactions of people of different types of temperament in the same situation (figure X. Bidstrup) G. Eysenck, having analyzed the materials of a survey of 700 neurotic soldiers, came to the conclusion that the entire set of traits describing a person can be represented by two main factors: extraversion (introversion) and neuroticism.
The first of these factors is biopolar and represents a characteristic of the individual psychological makeup of a person, the extreme poles of which correspond to the orientation of the individual either to the world of external objects (extraversion), or to the subjective inner world (introversion). It is generally accepted that extroverts are characterized by sociability, impulsiveness, flexibility of behavior, high initiative (but low persistence) and high social adaptability. Introverts, on the other hand, are characterized by lack of communication, isolation, social passivity (with a sufficiently large persistence), a tendency to introspection and difficulties in social adaptation.
The second factor, neuroticism (or neuroticism), describes a certain property-state that characterizes a person in terms of emotional stability, anxiety, self-esteem and possible autonomic disorders. This factor is also bipolar and forms a scale, on one pole of which are people characterized by extreme stability, maturity and excellent adaptation, and on the other - an extremely nervous, unstable and poorly adapted type. Most people are located between these poles, closer to the middle (according to the normal distribution).
The intersection of these 2 bipolar characteristics allows you to get an unexpected and rather curious result - a fairly clear assignment of a person to one of the four types of temperament.
Interpreting test results
Extraversion / Introversion:
- more than 19 - a bright extrovert,
- more than 15 - extrovert
- 12 - average value,
- less than 9 - introvert,
- less than 5 is a deep introvert.
Neuroticism / Stability:
- more than 19 - a very high level of neuroticism,
- more than 14 - a high level of neuroticism,
- 9 - 13 - average value,
- less than 7 - a low level of neuroticism.
Lie:
- more than 4 - insincerity in the answers, which also testifies to some demonstrative behavior and orientation of the subject towards social approval,
- less than 4 is the norm.
Presentation of results by scales extraversion and neuroticism is carried out using a coordinate system. The interpretation of the results obtained is carried out on the basis of the psychological characteristics of a person, corresponding to one or another square of the coordinate model, taking into account the degree of expression of individual psychological properties and the degree of reliability of the data obtained.
Drawing on data from the physiology of higher nervous activity, Eysenck hypothesizes that the strong and weak types, by Pavlov are very close to extroverted and introverted personality types. The nature of introversion and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition.
Thus, using the survey data on the scales of extraversion, introversion and neuroticism, it is possible to derive temperament indicators personality according to Pavlov's classification, who described four classical types:
- sanguine(according to the main properties of the central nervous system, it is characterized as strong, balanced, mobile),
- choleric(strong, unbalanced, agile),
- phlegmatic person(strong, balanced, inert),
- melancholic(weak, unbalanced, inert).
Definitions of temperament types
Sanguine
"Clean" sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly converges with people, is sociable. Feelings easily arise and change, emotional experiences, as a rule, are shallow. The facial expressions are rich, agile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, does not regulate his impulses enough, does not know how to strictly adhere to the established routine, life, system in work. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task that requires an equal expenditure of energy, prolonged and methodical tension, perseverance, stability of attention, patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy are developed.
Choleric
Choleric characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. This type of temperament is characterized by sharpness and impetuosity of movements, strength, impulsivity, bright expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by business, he is inclined to act with all his might, to be depleted more than he should. Having public interests, the temperament shows in initiative, energy, adherence to principles. In the absence of spiritual life, choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, incontinence, irascibility, inability for self-control under emotional circumstances.
Phlegmatic person
Phlegmatic person characterized by a relatively low level of activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. A persistent and stubborn "worker of life", he rarely loses his temper, is not inclined to affect, calculating his strength, brings the matter to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy, does not waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases, a phlegmatic person can be characterized by "positive" traits - endurance, depth of thought, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to fulfill only habitual actions.
Melancholic
Melancholic... His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus, there is a depth and stability of feelings with their weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in the melancholic (hands drop). He is characterized by restraint and muffledness of motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecision. Under normal conditions, a melancholic is a deep, meaningful person, can be a good worker, successfully cope with life's tasks. Under unfavorable conditions, it can turn into a closed, fearful, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to heavy inner experiences of such life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.
Sources:
- Personality questionnaire EPI (Heysenck's method)/ Almanac of psychological tests - M., 1995. P.217-224.
The sanguine person is sociable and mobile
It is not difficult to distinguish from the owners of other types of temperament. This is usually a sociable person who easily adapts to the situation. He is mobile, he has expressive facial expressions. In a sanguine person, mental processes change easily and quickly, therefore, overwork almost never threatens him. A sanguine person easily converges with people and calmly parts with them. He copes well with any negotiations, but much less successful in matters that require perseverance and constant exertion. The processes of excitement and inhibition in sanguine people and in those are balanced.Phlegmatic is not lazy at all
In a phlegmatic person, mental processes arise and are replaced slowly. The owner of this type of temperament is generally characterized by little activity. He does not rebuild too quickly, does not adapt well to a changed situation. For this he needs quite a long time. Outwardly, his temperament is manifested in the fact that the phlegmatic is inactive, speaks slowly, his facial expressions are not expressive. It is not easy to get him out of patience, but the one who succeeds in this usually regrets very much later, because it is as difficult to stop the phlegmatic as it is to excite. A characteristic feature of all owners of this temperament is perseverance, perseverance, the desire to bring what has been started to completion. A phlegmatic person is a reliable life companion and business partner who usually strictly adheres to the terms of the agreement.Choleric is a person who is addicted
In a choleric person, mental processes arise and change rapidly. This is a quick-tempered, but easy-going person. He easily gets carried away, but just as quickly loses interest if he did not succeed in achieving instant success. However, a choleric person, thanks to his assertiveness and desire to put all his efforts into what is interesting to him, often achieves an excellent result. He is sharp in communication, initiative, energetic, but a stormy surge of activity very quickly gives way to indifference. Excitation in a choleric person prevails over inhibition.The melancholic is focused on experiences
The melancholic belongs to the weak psychological types. He is prone to excessively deep feelings even when there seems to be no reason for this. His feelings are stable, but outwardly they hardly appear. In the owner of this type of temperament, inhibition prevails over arousal. The slightest opposition is unsettling. He is characterized by fear and indecision, he is very vulnerable. Owners of this type of temperament prefer individual work to collective work.Take this temperament test to gauge your reactions to events!
Briefly about the main thing:
1. Is temperament a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
2. How to learn to recognize people by their personality temperament?
3. What are the types of temperament?
4. Rate yourself! Temperament Type Test!
Is temperament a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
The concept of "personality temperament" was introduced by the founder of medicine Hippocrates. Even then, he divided people into four main categories that are still relevant today.
Sometimes personality temperament is confused with character, but this is not true!
Temperament is a person's innate characteristics that affect his behavior, the speed of reaction to events and stimuli, poise, self-development, etc. And character is a combination of acquired qualities, for example, determination, courage, fearlessness, etc.
How to learn to recognize people by their personality temperament?
Knowing a person's temperament, you can:
- predict his reaction;
- get to know his lifestyle;
- understand what he needs;
- easily find an approach;
- understand in what areas of activity he will be successful!
In fact, this is the key to anyone! How to pick it up? Read below!
What types of temperaments are there?
Sanguine- this is a sea of positive. A person is cheerful, active, optimistic, quickly and clearly reacts to changes. If he is angry, he does not hide his emotions, studies everything new with interest, is prone to frequent changes in hobbies.
Choleric is usually quick-tempered and unbalanced, can be reckless and unpredictable. He is very emotional, often aggressive, jealous, prone to high self-esteem and suppression of others. Choleric people usually have a gloomy appearance, have a negative attitude towards others, suffer from overwork and mood swings.
Melancholic- a calm and thoughtful person, as a rule, is vulnerable, trusting and slow. Prone to low self-esteem, sudden mood swings for the worse, prone to depression. He always tries to follow the instructions strictly. Any innovation can upset him to tears. Sometimes such people are called couch potatoes and bores, but they are the best at showing themselves in the household.
Phlegmatic person- balanced and unperturbed, it is almost impossible to piss him off. Even if he gets angry, it instantly cools down. Very rarely shows emotions, it is difficult to adapt to new circumstances, not particularly quick-witted and resourceful. Tries to adhere to a strict plan. A phlegmatic person cannot perform several tasks at once, but he is always attentive, persistent and consistent.
How to determine your personality temperament?
Rate yourself! Temperament Type Test!
A "pure" type of temperament is extremely rare. The overwhelming majority of people have a mixed temperament, which is characterized by the features of various personality temperaments, but nevertheless one of them necessarily predominates.
There are four groups of statements in this test that describe different types of temperaments. You can either agree with them or not. Record your answers on paper.
So let's start self-discovery!
What does the choleric think about himself?
- I am extremely fussy and restless.
- I often break out and flare up over trifles.
- Patience is not about me.
- When dealing with people, I can be harsh and rude.
- I initiate various meetings and events.
- Stubbornness is my nature.
- I am resourceful and resourceful in an argument.
- I cannot work at a certain pace.
- I am inclined to take risks.
- I'm not vindictive at all.
- I have a quick and temperamental speech.
- I can be very unbalanced.
- I am unable to put up with other people's shortcomings.
- I like to make biting remarks.
- I do not hide my emotions.
- I tend to make decisions quickly.
- I am interested in everything new.
- My movements can be jerky.
- If the goal is set, I am not distracted by anything else.
- My mood can change dramatically.
What does a sanguine person think about himself?
- I can quite call myself a positive person.
- As a rule, I am full of energy, and I know how to use it.
- I don't often succeed in bringing things to their logical conclusion.
- I can overestimate my capabilities.
- I can quickly absorb new information.
- I do not dwell on one thing and tend to change hobbies.
- I'm not worried about failures, everyone has them.
- I can easily adapt to any conditions.
- I can do anything with enthusiasm.
- I can quit what I started when I lose interest in it.
- It is not difficult for me to switch from one job to another.
- I get tired of monotonous work.
- I easily make acquaintances, I have a lot of friends and acquaintances.
- I am tough enough to work as long as I need to.
- I speak loudly, I can express my thoughts quickly and clearly.
- I keep my composure in unexpected situations.
- I am always benevolent towards others.
- I fall asleep quickly and wake up easily.
- Sometimes I am prone to rash decisions.
- I am inattentive in a conversation, I can lose the thread of the conversation.
What does the phlegmatic think about himself?
- As a rule, I am balanced and very calm.
- I perform all my actions in the intended sequence.
- Prudence and caution are peculiar to me.
- I can wait a long time.
- I am not inclined to idle chatter, let others say.
- I calmly express my thoughts, do not show emotions in conversation.
- I am characterized by patience and restraint.
- I have no unfinished business.
- I do not spray over trifles.
- If it’s worthwhile, I can give it my best.
- I try to stick to my plan in everything I do.
- I am always in control of my emotions.
- I usually don't respond to praise or criticism.
- I am condescending to jokes in my address.
- I am true to my hobbies.
- I am uncomfortable with switching to another activity.
- I have the same relationship with everyone.
- I am characterized by pedantry and accuracy.
- I have a hard time getting used to change.
- Endurance and composure are characteristic of me.
- I am gradually getting used to people, I cannot establish friendly relations.
What does a melancholic think to himself?
- I am shy in society and very shy.
- I am lost in an unfamiliar environment.
- I can't just walk up and talk to a stranger.
- I'm not sure if I'm capable of anything.
- I am not burdened by loneliness, I take it calmly.
- My failures overwhelm me.
- I can plunge into myself and stay in this state for a long time.
- I get tired often and quickly.
- I can't speak loudly.
- It's easier for me to adjust than to defend my point of view.
- I am very impressionable, sometimes I can be moved to tears.
- I am pleased when they praise me.
- I endure criticism very painfully.
- I am always strict with myself, and demanding of others.
- I am suspicious and suspicious.
- I am easily hurt and hurt.
- I am offended headlong and worry for a long time.
- I cannot share my thoughts and feelings with others.
- I am usually inactive, too timid.
- I am not accustomed to argue and resignedly follow any instructions.
- I like it when others show sympathy for me.
Temperament Type Test Results!
Accordingly, the more positive answers, the more pronounced this type of temperament in you.
To determine the percentage, count the sum of all affirmative responses. Then multiply the number of affirmative answers for a particular type by 100% and divide by the total number of affirmative answers.
What happened?
The type of temperament that scored more than 40% is considered the main one.
The type of temperament, which corresponds to 30 to 39%, is considered to be pronounced.
A type of temperament that scored from 20 to 29% appears only in certain circumstances.
The type of temperament that scored less than 20% is extremely weak.
Notes and feature articles for a deeper understanding of the material
¹ Hippocrates (about 460 BC - about 370 BC) - the famous ancient Greek healer, physician and philosopher. He went down in history as the "father of medicine" (
Variants of answers to questions: "yes", "no". The first answer that comes to your mind is correct. Your answers - "yes" - plus, "no" - minus - write down on a piece of paper.
- 1) Do you often have a craving for new impressions in order to experience strong sensations?
- 2) Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage you, express sympathy?
- 3) Do you consider yourself a careless person?
- 4) Is it true that it is very difficult for you to say no?
- 5) Do you think about your business slowly and do you prefer to wait before acting?
- 6) Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not beneficial for you?
- 7) Do you often have ups and downs of mood?
- 8) Do you usually act and speak quickly, and do you spend a lot of time thinking?
- 9) Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, even though there was no good reason for this?
- 10) Is it true that you are capable of deciding anything on a bet?
- 11) Are you embarrassed when you want to meet someone of the opposite sex who you like?
- 12) Do you ever lose your temper when you get angry?
- 13) Do you often act under the influence of a momentary mood?
- 14) Do you often feel disturbed by thoughts that you shouldn't be doing or saying something?
- 15) Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
- 16) Is it easy to offend you?
- 17) Do you like to be in the company often?
- 18) Do you sometimes have such thoughts that you would like to hide from other people?
- 19) Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything burns in your hands, and sometimes you feel very lethargic?
- 20) Do you prefer to have smaller friends, but especially close to you?
- 21) Do you often dream?
- 22) When someone yells at you, do you respond in kind?
- 23) Do you often feel anxious about guilt?
- 24) Are all your habits good and desirable?
- 25) Are you able to give vent to your own feelings and have fun with might and main in a noisy company?
- 26) Do you consider yourself an excitable and sensitive person?
- 27) Do you consider you a lively and cheerful person?
- 28) After the job is done, how often do you return to it mentally and think that you could have done better?
- 29) Are you usually taciturn and reserved when you are around people?
- 30) Do you gossip sometimes?
- 31) Does it happen that you can't sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
- 32) Is it true that it is more pleasant and easier for you to read about what interests you in the book, although it is faster and easier to learn about it from your friends?
- 33) Do you have a strong heartbeat?
- 34) Do you like work that requires constant attention?
- 35) Do you ever get "shivering"?
- 36) Is it true that you always say only good things about people you know, even when you are sure that they will not know about it?
- 37) Is it true that you are not pleased to be in a company where they constantly make fun of each other?
- 38) Are you irritable?
- 39) Do you like work that requires quick action?
- 40) Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and "horrors" that could have happened, although everything ended well?
- 41) Do you walk slowly and unhurriedly?
- 42) Have you ever been late for a date, work or school?
- 43) Do you often have nightmares?
- 44) Is it true that you are such a lover of conversation that you never miss an opportunity to talk with a stranger?
- 45) Do you have any pains?
- 46) Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
- 47) Can you call yourself a nervous person?
- 48) Are there any among your acquaintances that you obviously do not like?
- 49) Can you say that you are a confident person?
- 50) Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
- 51) Is it hard to get real party fun?
- 52) Are you worried about the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
- 53) Would you be able to bring excitement to a boring company?
- 54) Do you ever talk about things that you don't understand at all?
- 55) Are you worried about your health?
- 56) Do you like to play a trick on others?
- 57) Do you suffer from insomnia?
TEST PROCESSING
If the "key" answer matches your answer, you add yourself one point. If it does not match, zero points.
1. Scale of reliability.
The answer is "yes" to questions: 6, 24, 36.
The answer is "no" to questions: 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.
Count the amount. If the result is from 5 or more points, it means that you answered not as it really is, but as you would like or as it is accepted in society. In other words, your answers are not reliable.
2. Scale of extraversion.
The answer is "yes" to questions: 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 37, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56.
The answer is "no" to questions: 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 41, 51.
Count the amount.
3. Scale of emotional stability.
The answer is "yes" to questions: 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52 , 55, 57.
Having received the sums according to the values of the "Scale of extraversion" and "Scale of emotional stability" mark them, respectively, on the horizontal axis "Introversion-extraversion" and the vertical axis "Emotional stability". The intersection point will show your type of temperament.
Draw the axes of coordinates: the horizontal axis is the "scale of extraversion", the vertical axis is the "scale of emotional stability". Each scale, from 1 to 24, intersects at point 12. Mark your numbers on the axes. Find the intersection point. The point can lie on the axis if one of the scales is 12.
The result you have received is your dominant temperament type. On the scale of extraversion, you can see the type of orientation of the personality: extrovert or introvert.
Four types of melancholic
Pure, pronounced melancholic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotion. stability (em. ust.) - 16 to 24 points.
Phlegmatic melancholic: intr. - from 1 to 9, uh mouth - 12 to 16 points.
Mild melancholic: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 pts.
Choleric Melacholic: Intr. - 9 to 12, uh mouth - 16 to 24 bp.
Four types of phlegmatic
Pure, pronounced phlegmatic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotion. stability (em. ust.) - 1 to 9 points.
Phlegmatic sanguine: intr. - 9 to 12, uh mouth - 1 to 9 points.
Weak phlegmatic: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 pts.
Phlegmatic melancholic: int. - from 1 to 9, uh mouth - 9 to 12 bp.
Four types of choleric people
Pure, pronounced choleric: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotion. stability (em. ust.) - 16 to 24 points.
Choleric melancholic: intr. - 12 to 16, uh mouth - 16 to 24 points.
Choleric mild: intr. - 12 to 16, uh mouth - 12 to 16 pts.
Choleric sanguine: intr. - from 16 to 24, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 bp.
The four types of sanguine people
Pure, pronounced sanguine person: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotion. stability (em. ust.) - 1 to 9 points.
Choleric sanguine: intr. - from 16 to 24, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 points.
Sanguine weak: intr. - 12 to 16, uh mouth - 9 to 12 pts.
Phlegmatic sanguine: int. - 12 to 16, uh mouth - 1 to 9 pts.
General concepts of temperament
Each person has their own characteristics of mental activity.
Temperament is a characteristic of a person, namely:
Temperament determines and ensures the speed, strength and balance of our reactions. It manifests itself in thinking, speech, manner of communication.
At the same time, temperament does not affect interests, success, intelligence, business qualities - here we are able to independently develop our inclinations, turn them into abilities or forget about them.
The ability to make a choice and take responsibility for it are indicators of a developed personality, and not a manifestation of temperamental characteristics. Knowing your own type of temperament greatly simplifies the process of knowing yourself, accepting your manifestations and, as a result, choosing your own lifestyle.
Temperament a person - a biological quality, innate, not acquired. Temperament can be corrected only by 25% out of 100%. And this correction is our adjustment to the requirements of society (the world around us, society ...). For what? With the aim of a more efficient and successful existence.
Pure temperaments are rare. Every person has something of a choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. The question of who is better to be does not make sense, just like the question of which season is better. Each has its own pros and cons. You need to know them and act, choosing an effective model of behavior depending on the situation. That is, not to be led by natural qualities, but to develop them.
Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but temperament should not be confused with character.
all these are character traits that are not laid down by nature, but are formed throughout life.
there can be a person with any temperament. The success of a person does not depend on his temperament, but on his abilities, knowledge, skills and personality orientation.
The main components of temperament
Analysis of the internal structure of temperament leads to the allocation of three main, leading components. Each of these components has a complex multidimensional structure and different forms of psychological manifestations.
The sphere of the general mental activity of a person.
- the desire of the individual for self-expression, effective development and transformation of external reality;
- intellectual and characterological features, a complex of relationships and motives
Motor skills.
- In the motor (motor) component, the leading role is played by the qualities associated with the function of the motor (and special speech motor apparatus). Among the dynamic qualities of the motor component -
- rapidity,
- force,
- sharpness,
- rhythm,
- amplitude and
- a number of other signs of muscle movement.
Emotionality.
- This is a large complex of properties and qualities that characterize the peculiarities of the emergence, flow and termination of various feelings, affects and moods.
- Impressionability- a person's susceptibility, his sensitivity to emotional influences, his ability to find a ground for an emotional reaction where there is no such ground for others.
- Impulsiveness- the speed with which emotion becomes the motivating force of actions and actions without their preliminary deliberation and a conscious decision to carry them out.
- Emotional lability- the speed with which a given emotional state ends or one experience is replaced by another.
This component is the most difficult. It has a branched structure of its own:
From the history of the doctrine of types of temperament
For the first time, Hippocrates spoke about temperaments (5th century BC). He argued that people differ in the ratio of the 4 main "juices" of life that make up its composition:
Claudius Galen (II century BC) continued. He developed the first typology of temperaments (treatise "De temperamentum") According to his teachings, the type of temperament depends on the predominance of one of the juices in the body. They were allocated temperaments that are widely known in our time:
I.P. Pavlov hypothesized that the differences in behavior are based on some fundamental properties of nervous processes - excitation and inhibition. These properties include:
reflects the performance of the nerve cell. It manifests itself in functional endurance, i.e. in the ability to withstand prolonged or short-term, but strong excitement, without passing into the opposite state of inhibition
is understood as the functional efficiency of the nervous system during the implementation of inhibition. It manifests itself in the ability to form various inhibitory conditioned reactions, such as extinction and differentiation
balance of processes of excitation and inhibition. The ratio of the strengths of both processes decides whether a given individual is balanced or unbalanced when the strength of one process exceeds the strength of the other.
manifests itself in the rapidity of the transition from one nervous process to another. The mobility of nervous processes is manifested in the ability to change behavior in accordance with changing living conditions. A measure of this property of the nervous system is the speed of transition from one action to another, from a passive state to an active one, and vice versa. The nervous system is the more inert, the more time or effort it takes to move from one process to another.
I.P. Pavlov, distinguished between the power of excitation and the power of inhibition, considering them to be two independent properties of the nervous system.
The 4 types of the nervous system identified by I.P. Pavlov correspond to 4 classic types of temperament in terms of their main characteristics:
Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to I.P. Pavlov
I.P. Pavlov understood the type of the nervous system as innate, relatively weakly subject to changes under the influence of the environment and upbringing. According to Ivan Petrovich, the properties of the nervous system form the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the type of the nervous system.
Two things should be noted:
A strong nervous system is more successful in coping with some life tasks (for example, in work associated with large and unexpected loads).
A weak nervous system copes more successfully with others (for example, in conditions of monotonous work). A weak nervous system is a highly sensitive nervous system, and this is its advantage over a strong one.
Hans Eysenck studied the works of K. Jung, R. Woodworth, I.P. Pavlova, E. Kretschmer and other famous psychologists, psychiatrists and physiologists. He proposed three basic dimensions of personality:
- neuroticism
- extra / introversion
- psychoticism
characterizes emotional stability / instability (stability / instability).
High rates of neuroticism are expressed in nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods, strong reactions in relation to the stimuli that cause them.
Low indices for neuroticism are expressed in the preservation of organized behavior, situational purposefulness in ordinary and stressful situations. It is characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety.
Extrovert- a person turned outward, sociable, optimistic, with a wide circle of acquaintances, impulsive, acting under the influence of the moment. He needs contacts like air. He prefers to act, move forward, rather than reason.
Introvert- a person turned inward, prefers to communicate only with close people, and distances himself from others. He is withdrawn, not sociable, shy, restrained, keeps his feelings under control, prone to introspection. An introvert loves to contemplate their actions.
Extroverts are much more tolerant of pain than introverts; They take more breaks during work to chat and drink coffee than introverts; arousal increases the effectiveness of their actions and actions, while it only hinders introverts.
Introverts tend to prefer theoretical and scientific pursuits (eg, engineering and chemistry), while extroverts tend to prefer people-related jobs (eg, commerce, social services).
Introverts are more likely to admit to the practice of masturbation than extroverts; however, extroverts have sex at an earlier age, more frequently, and with more partners than introverts.
Introverts are more successful academically than extroverts. Also, students leaving college for psychiatric reasons are more introverted; while those students who leave for academic reasons are more likely to be extroverts.
Introverts feel more alert in the morning, while extroverts feel more alert in the evening. What's more, introverts work better in the morning and extroverts work better in the afternoon. In crisis situations, extroverts prefer to seek help and support from people, in communication with family and friends, in companies. Introverts go into their closet and hide from people.
an indicator of a tendency to antisocial behavior, pretentiousness, inadequacy of emotional reactions, high conflicts, egocentricity.
People with a high degree of psychoticism are egocentric, impulsive, indifferent to others, tend to resist social foundations. They are often restless, have difficult contact with people and do not meet with their understanding, deliberately cause trouble to others.
The combination of high and low levels of introversion and extraversion with high or low levels of stability and neuroticism resulted in the four categories of people described by Eysenck. A high level of neuroticism (emotional instability / instability) is characteristic of melancholic and choleric people. Low level - for sanguine and phlegmatic people. But introversion is characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic people, while extraversion is characteristic of choleric and sanguine people.
Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to G. Eysenck
Characteristics of types of temperament according to G. Eysenck
G. Eysenck gave the characteristics of "pure" types of temperament (that is, in the extreme angular positions of the quadrant). And we have already realized that these types are extremely rare. Adjust accordingly when you receive test results. Moreover, the closer one type of temperament is to another, the more characteristics have something in common.
For example, if you got the result: neuroticism 13, extraversion 17 - then you are Sanguine Choleric. Then you have the characteristics of both choleric and sanguine, but not as pronounced as in pure Choleric, Sanguine. In different conditions, in different situations, you can show both those and other characteristics.
Remember that the literature often gives characteristics of "pure" types of temperaments.
Pure temperament types
Phlegmatic person
Unhurried, unperturbed, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the expression of emotions and feelings. Possesses the consistency of judgments. He has a strong, balanced, efficient nervous system, a stubborn, persistent worker, he brings things to the end. Most often he is calm, restrained and constant in feelings, the mood is even, rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and permanent feelings. The phlegmatic is peaceful, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to talk about trifles. Saves energy, does not waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. Solid, reliable, distinguished by the depth and constancy of thoughts.
But a phlegmatic person has difficulty switching from one job to another, "sways" for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), it is difficult to develop new habits and behavior patterns, but they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, lack of will. They tend to do their usual work in a familiar, familiar environment.
Choleric
Fast, passionate, impetuous, open-minded, with quick mood swings. The choleric person is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. The choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Because of the conflict, he gets along badly with other people. The choleric person easily switches from one case / topic of conversation to another case / topic, he is characterized by sharp changes in mood. He is highly excitable, he has pronounced emotional experiences, he is not able to control his emotions.
The choleric's movements and speech are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impulsive, impulsive. It is prone to exhaustion, since with enthusiasm for work, it acts with all its might. In the interests of society, he is proactive, principled, active, energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth, he is affective, irritable, quick-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, and conflicted.
Sanguine
A lively, hot, agile person, with frequent changes in mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events happening around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. The sanguine person is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, sympathetic.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high working capacity, while he is active and mobile, he easily experiences setbacks. He easily communicates with people, quickly converges with people, easily switches, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, insufficiently regulates his impulses. He has a rich, mobile facial expressions, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, patience. He has a quick change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, prone to inconstancy, superficiality.
Melancholic
A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. The melancholic is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and sensitive, easily gets along with different people, is non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, and slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time weakly expressed. It is difficult for him to focus on something for a long time.
The melancholic experiences setbacks hard and acutely (he often gives up), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is withdrawn, uncommunicative, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and judicious.
In a healthy environment, he is efficient, can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. The person is deep, meaningful. But under unfavorable circumstances, it becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, vulnerable.
