Due to the fact that bacteria multiply rapidly under the bark of untreated trees, the vegetative process slows down. Plants slowly wake up after winter. Therefore, the processing of fruit trees in the fall is very important. To do this, prepare the plants. Treating trees that are older than six years, begins with the removal of the old bark and lichen with a metal brush. This is necessary so that the pathogens of various diseases could not hide. Immediately after removing the trees need to be processed. The last spraying in the fall occurs when all the foliage has fallen. You can perform this procedure after the first frost. For a start, all foliage, fallen branches and weeds are removed. Protection of fruit trees provide solutions of copper or iron sulphate, urea, etc. Each drug is aimed at a specific type of threat. Therefore, the treatment of fruit trees in the fall can not be spraying only one tool. The drug is selected depending on the required results. It is recommended to carry out the procedure in question at the end of October.

inkstone

This preparation is intended for spraying and feeding fruit trees - apple trees, cherries. After the procedure, the plants are saturated with iron and useful trace elements. Processing of fruit trees in the autumn helps to improve oxidative processes. The drug fights pests, destroys the lichen, scab, moss, black cancer, cytosporosis. Iron plays a big role in the vital activity of fruit trees. Its lack reduces the amount of the crop and leads to an incomplete development of the fruit. The solution of ferrous sulfate is very easy to prepare. It is necessary to dilute one kilogram of dry powder in a fifteen-liter bucket of water.

Copper sulfate

This tool, which includes a fungicide, prevents the appearance of putrefying diseases, scab, powdery mildew, spots. it is recommended to spray trees twice - in the spring and in the fall. The treatment of fruit trees in the autumn of copper sulfate is especially recommended for pears, apples and plums. You can, of course, spray and other plants in the garden. Copper sulfate provides a protective reaction against moniliosis, klyastersporaz, kokkomikoza, curly. Pears and apple trees protects against scab, moniliasis and phyllossticosis. For fruit trees (up to six years), up to two liters of copper sulfate per sapling is sufficient. Consumption on older plants - up to ten liters. Fruit trees are recommended to be sprayed in the morning or evening. The weather should be windless, and the temperature - from +5 to +30 degrees. It is necessary to protect people and animals from contact with the drug, as well as to prevent it from entering the water supply sources.

Urea (carbamide) treatment

Apparatus for processing

Processing of fruit trees in the autumn is simplified thanks to the existing apparatus of a mechanical or manual principle of action. These devices protect the gardener from contact with drugs, evenly spray them. Regardless of the principle of operation, all devices are equipped with a spraying pump. The differences between mechanical devices and manual models are in the convenience of their use. And, of course, there is a difference in their value. Mechanical devices more convenient, but more expensive. And for spraying trees using a hand-held device requires periodic pumping.

Additional processing

Treating fruit trees in the fall against pests and diseases should not be limited to spraying with copper, green sulphate or urea. Plants also require abundant watering and whitening. A layer of lime on the bark should be no less than three millimeters.

If there are cracks and wounds on the tree, then a little cow dung and finely chopped straw should be added to the lime. The resulting solution will save the plant from cracking.

Another way to protect - garden var. It can be purchased at the store or cook yourself. To do this, take a hundred grams of rosin and two hundred grams of beeswax. It is necessary to melt these substances (each separately), then mix them and add a hundred grams of unsalted fat. Heat must be reheated before smearing cracks.

Autumn preparation in the southern regions involves pruning trees. In northern cities, this will condemn the plant to freeze.

Take care of the state of the garden and improve the fruiting need to fall. This is the best time to fight diseases and pests. Let's talk about the protective spraying of fruit trees, about how and what to handle.

Autumn processing is considered the most effective, as it stops the active reproduction of bacteria that oppress the tree, destroys the larvae of harmful insects. With the help of spraying you get rid of scab problems, putrid infections, blotches and other misfortunes. Important conditions for such works are the absence of frost, dry weather.

Preparation and processing method

  The process of therapeutic and prophylactic manipulations is not complicated, but requires adherence to certain rules. In the middle lane passes in October.

1. Trees older than 6 years old, having a lichen on the bark, must sand with a metal garden brush. The areas affected by the neoplasms should be cleaned, as well as the top layer of the old bark. These measures are important for depriving insects of shelter and improving the impact of the applied solution.

2. Spraying is best done immediately after cleansing the bark, in dry weather.


  3. Final processing takes place after the foliage is completely dropped or after the first frost. Before that, under a tree cleaned all the branches, garbage, leaves, mow weeds. Such actions are important, as the tree trunk will be spilled.

How to handle trees in the garden


  Three solutions are mainly used: urea, copper and iron sulphate. These drugs have different effects on specific types of threats. Therefore, the processing is done by different means. Depending on the state of the tree, the desired drug is selected.

inkstone
  It is a therapeutic and nutritional remedy recommended for apples, cherries, plums, peaches. As a result of spraying the tree gets enriched with iron and other important trace elements. As a result, the condition of the plant improves, oxidative processes are enhanced.


Copper sulfate
  Ideal against scab, putrid diseases on pears, plums, apples, cherries. It contains a fungicide, therefore it is used against all blemishes and powdery mildew. On plums treat curly, coccomycosis, monilioz, klyasterosporoz. Apple and pear processing protects against phyllossticosis, scab, monioiosis.

Experts advise using spring / autumn twice, and not only for trees: beds and garden plants are spilled. The consumption of copper sulphate on a tree older than 6 years should be 2 liters, for the old with a large crown it can take up to 10, dilute 500 g in 5-10 l. Mandatory conditions for obtaining the effect: full wetting of the branches and the table, air temperature parameters not lower than +5, no wind.

Urea (carbamide)
  It is applied in the fall for primary or final processing (before and after the leaf fall). It contains 46% nitrogen and is an effective nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, urea is detrimental to the larvae of numerous pests, so the first treatment is carried out with a 7% solution at the time of shedding half of the foliage, and after the final fall of the foliage a highly concentrated composition is used - 500 g per 10 liter bucket.

Not only shtamby, branches, but also pristvolnaya earth on the projection of the crown is added with urea. You can not deviate from the percentage when breeding powder, as possible premature abscission of leaves, which will adversely affect the preparation of the tree for the winter and reduced frost resistance.

After harvesting, it is important to correctly prepare the plants for wintering. Timely and proper treatment of the garden from pests and diseases in the autumn is a guarantee of active fruiting of trees and shrubs in the next season. Get acquainted with the terms, stages and methods of processing and protection of garden plants, effective preparations and folk recipes, adopt the experience of experienced gardeners and expert advice. [Contents h2 h3]

Why process the garden in autumn

Many novice gardeners ask whether it is necessary in the fall to cultivate a garden from pests and fight diseases. Perhaps this period is the most important if you are striving to get a big harvest of fruits and berries. If you miss the time, the pests will have time to hide in the "winter apartments". After that, they do not smoke out.

The plot is ready for wintering.

Insects hiding under the foliage, inside the dried twigs, cracked bark, buried deep into the soil of the trunk circle.

The list of works that are coming in the fall is impressive:

  • cleaning of fallen leaves, garbage;
  • digging the land;
  • fertilization;
  • trimming;
  • whitewash;
  • spraying;
  • tying trunks from rodents.

Cleaning the foliage in the garden

The annual autumn garden treatment of pests and diseases begins a month before the onset of frost. At the same time, it is necessary to wait until the end of the leaf fall, otherwise fallen leaves will nullify all the efforts. Land digging is aimed at fighting insects that winter in the upper soil layer.

Soil fertilization is carried out with mineral fertilizers or rotting organic matter. This will be a good foundation for future harvest. Before wintering the garden should be properly fertilized with potash and phosphate fertilizers.

Pruning of trees and shrubs is carried out according to the existing rules for each culture. The main principle - "that was beautiful." The branches should not interfere with each other, do not grow inside the crown.

Whitewashing is necessary in order to lime to affect the spores of fungi and bacteria. In fact, there is a decontamination of trunks and branches.

The annual spraying of the garden from pests overwintering plants on plants in the fall is a mandatory agrochemical method of protecting the garden from pests and diseases in the fall for any competent gardener.

Autumn pruning of trees

Hares, small rodents - lovers of the tender bark of young trees can cause great harm. Frequent fences around the garden are good for hares. From mice - traps, rammed snow, tying trees with various materials.

Dates of autumn garden processing

The answer to the important question - when to carry out autumn garden processing from diseases and pests, in different regions of the country is different. The country is huge, many climatic zones, where the leaves fall not at the same time. It is necessary to focus on the time of complete falling off of leaves from trees and shrubs.

Preparation for gardening

The first autumn works fall on the end of September or the beginning of October. The main purpose of garden processing from pests and diseases in September is to save the plants from insects, their larvae, rodents, and also to disinfect fungi and bacteria.

Dried leaves, weeds, cut dried branches rake one place away from the garden and burn or send to deep compost pits. Deep, so that the pests could not get out and settle down in the trees again. There are recommendations - to bury the foliage in pristvolny circles for additional power. This is absolutely wrong advice.

Masking the compost pit in the form of an arbor

Insects arrange egg-laying on the underside of the leaves. When a tree sheds them, the pupae that appear remain to hibernate under the leaves. And if you bury dry foliage, then this creates all the conditions for a comfortable wintering to those from whom you would like to save your plantings. Therefore, the consequences of leaf fall are removed, burned, or sent to compost away from the garden.

It should not be left in the tree wheel straw, as it attracts rodents. There is a risk of endangering the bark of young trees that mice are so fond of.

Various agrotechnical, agrochemical methods of struggle are carried out at different times. Chemical treatment of the garden in the late fall against pests is carried out before the onset of stable frosts, after the foliage has completely fallen.

Digging the garden in autumn

One of the simplest, but effective methods is digging the soil. The land of garden plantings should be loose, fertilized all year round, but it is autumn digging that matters most.

In the autumn, they dig up the ground not only to loosen it, but to turn over the layer of soil. After the insects and their larvae have settled down to sleep, it is necessary to dig up, turn over the layers of the earth so that the nests are on the surface, and the frost completes the work.

Digging pristvolnyh circles required

In addition to the destruction of insects, autumn processing of the garden from pests and diseases gives another effect - when turning over, the upper nutrient layer of the soil is closer to the roots, which facilitates the delivery of the necessary nutrition.

It is necessary to dig up with care, without damaging the roots, which are close to the surface - 5–15 cm. The process is carried out not with a shovel, which can cut the root system, but with forks, keeping them parallel to the direction of the roots. It is not recommended to break clods of earth, so moisture from rains is better preserved, snow is being retained. In between rows you need to dig a depth of 15–20 cm, and according to the crown projection no deeper than 10–15 cm.

Spraying as pest control

At a later time, after the whitening, digging, you should proceed to the chemical treatment of fruit plantations. Timely processing of the garden in October from pests and diseases will be a good investment in the future harvest. Some drugs are also fertilizer for plants.

Spraying autumn garden

The treatment is carried out with various pesticides, since not all the preparations are affected equally by different types of insects and diseases. It is necessary to observe the sequence, the timing of treatments, so as not to harm the plants themselves.

Processing garden in the fall according to the rules

The best time is the period of the end of leaf fall. When digging the soil, whitewashing the trunks, already cleaned in the compost holes of the foliage, dry branches, you can begin to treat trees and shrubs with agrochemical means.

Home processing equipment

A few years ago, the choice of a sprayer was not difficult. There were several models on sale. Now on the market a large variety of these products. When buying, you should consider the design features, the length of the "rod" of the device. In addition to producing sprayers of various tanks, they are divided into types:

  • rechargeable;
  • petrol;
  • pump action;
  • lever.

Garden spraying with knapsack sprayer

Make wheel and backpack spray guns. Knapsack - more comfortable, you can climb right on the tree. With the help of a wheel sprayer with a volumetric tank, a large area of ​​the garden is treated without refueling; all trees and shrubs are sprayed.

Knapsack sprayers are divided into lever and pump action. Lever more convenient, as they allow pumping the solution manually, without removing the spray from the shoulders. When buying a spraying machine, one should pay attention to the “boom” of the mechanism. The longer it is, the better. There are vehicles with a length of "fishing rod" and a half meters. They are acquired and experienced gardeners.

In addition to the sprayer itself, for working on the garden from pests in late autumn, you will need:

  • ladder;
  • respiratory mask or gauze medical dressing;
  • gloves;
  • glasses to prevent aggressive solution from getting on the skin or mucous membranes.

DIY Handling Rules

Breeders are constantly working on the breeding of new varieties of horticultural crops resistant to pests. But there are very few of them so far, so gardeners are forced to watch their plantings vigilantly, periodically sprinkle them with preparations to treat the garden in the fall against pests and diseases - their natural enemies.

After harvesting, each gardener must decide for himself what to treat the garden from diseases and pests in the fall and what lines to do. It is necessary to prepare in advance the inventory and preparations for work on chemical plant protection.

If you start processing on an overcast day, there is a risk that it will rain and wash away the preparations. A huge amount of work will be wasted. When the wind is also likely that a large number of pesticides will not go where you want. It is dangerous for humans. A gust of wind can splash the solution on your face, burn your eyes, skin.

Aphid - a pest of garden crops

Spraying is carried out to combat:

  1. Insects:
  • caterpillars;
  • larvae;
  • butterflies;
  • beetles
  1. Diseases:
  • coccomycosis;
  • monilioz;
  • bitter rot;
  • leaf curl and other.

Monilioz Cherry

The huge variety of misfortunes on fruit crops does not allow the gardener to release his pets from the attention for a single day. But he has a whole arsenal of opportunities for war with a voracious army of pests.

Tools for processing garden plants

The main thing is to choose the right way to better treat the garden against pests in the fall with the greatest effect. There are a lot of pests and diseases in garden plantings; therefore, they are also treated with several preparations.

The drug Urea (urea)

Urea is also a nitrogen fertilizer. Take 500 g of urea, diluted in 10 liters of water. White crystals dissolve quickly, have no smell. This solution is treated trunks, branches, near-stem circles. The treatment is carried out as close as possible to frost, since nitrogen gives an impetus to the growing season, the growth of green parts of plants. And before winter it is no good.

Bordeaux liquid - the most commonly used drug in the fight against fungal, mold formations. 200 g of copper sulphate is diluted with 10 liters of water, then poured into a solution of hydrated lime, which is prepared by razbaltyvaniem 200 g of lime in a ten-liter bucket of water. Carefully stir, pour the product into the sprayer and proceed to work.

Spraying bordeaux liquid

The autumn garden treatment for diseases and pests of copper sulfate from spotting, powdery mildew, scab, and moniliosis is very effective. Traditionally, they are processed planting pears, apples, plums. A solution of copper sulfate is prepared as follows: 100 g of granules are taken, diluted in 10 liters of water, and trunks and branches are sprayed with this fungicide.

Iron sulfate is a multifunctional preparation used on plantations of peach, apricot, cherry, cherry, apple. With its help they get rid of cytosporosis, scab, black cancer.

The rigorous treatment of the garden in the fall with iron sulfate performs two functions at once - treating and feeding the plants; this is a valuable source of iron, stimulating metabolic processes in the cells. The solution is prepared according to the following scheme: 1 kg of the powder is dissolved in 15 liters of water.

inkstone

Fungicides - colloidal sulfur, polychrome, chorus is used against coccomycosis, leaf curl, moniliosis, mildew on grapes. Well proven in the fight against rodents and sucking pests.

A wide range of pesticides includes other tools for treating the garden from pests and diseases in the autumn, which are used with special precautions.

Whitewashing trees in the garden

Video: Autumn whitewashing of trees in the garden

One of the simplest, but important ways to combat diseases and pests in the fall - whitewash, falls on the deadlines for the end of September. With the help of a simple way to destroy pathogens - fungal spores and bacteria. Also, insect eggs already deposited along the cracks of the bark are burned out.

So, whitewashing shtambov do it yourself:

  • cleaning of trunks, branches from old bark, dry branches;
  • smearing garden wounds, damages;
  • whitewash.

Whitewash gardening

Having laid a film or fabric under a tree so that the larvae do not fall on the soil, it is necessary to proceed to the processing of trunks and lower branches. On old trees, dead tissue, lichens, and moss are scraped with a special scraper. For young people, this procedure is best done by hand, so as not to damage the delicate bark.

Important! If the bark of trees is not processed in the fall, then it becomes a breeding ground for diseases, which will significantly delay the start of vegetation in the spring.

Removal of old bark

All wounds, cracks should be disinfected, covered with garden pitch. Then whitewash the trees to a height of one and a half meters with a large brush.

Thus, they get rid of the bud moth, rust, gall midge, spider mite, currant cushion, powdery mildew, anthracnose and many other pests and diseases. To have time to complete all the work, it is necessary to observe the terms of autumn garden treatment from diseases and pests, using all agrotechnical, agrochemical methods.

Contrary to the advice about painting trees with building mixtures, oil paint, adding clay, alabaster, absolutely definitely cannot be done. The bark is not only an organ that protects the internal structure of the trunk, but also the respiratory organ through which active gas exchange takes place.

Especially young trees suffer from improper whitewashing. They are generally not recommended to whiten. It is better for the winter to tie the shtaby such special materials.

Tree tying technique

Before the onset of steady frosts, young tree trunks should be protected from hares. This is a very important stage of processing the garden in late autumn from pests and rodents, since young plants may even die from damage by mice and hares.

Old trees are protected by a thick layer of dead bark, so there is no need to tie them. And young plants are wrapped with spruce or pine branches, needles down, fixed with roofing felt, tar, oiled paper, cardboard to a height of half a meter in two layers so that there are no cracks. The bottom edge of the strapping is buried in the ground so that rodents do not penetrate from below. Then in two or three places tied with twine, wire, securing the structure.

Binding of a young tree with fir branches

Another interesting way to fight rodents - winding the trunk with old stockings, pantyhose. Why pests do not like elastic is not clear, but the effectiveness of this method has been repeatedly proven.

In winter, trampling of snow is carried out around the trunks to prevent the rodents from passing under the loose snow cover.

Traditional methods of protection of garden plantings

In accordance with all biological laws, insects that pollinate flowers attract strong, viable plants. But the pests attract the weak, the sick, the oppressed. Therefore, the conclusion is extremely simple - it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the plants in the garden so that they grow strong, withstand stubbornly the army of pests and diseases.

Ways to control pests without chemicals

To this end, work is carried out in time to remove weeds, top dressing (root and non-root), basic fertilization, and regular irrigation. All these agrotechnical techniques contribute to active growth, an increase in protective abilities.

Among the traditional means of processing the garden from pests and diseases in September, the most popular is the manual control of small and large caterpillars, larvae, pupae, and sedentary adults. Good results can be achieved:

  • vacuuming the shrubs, in which a dense filter is replaced with a net;
  • smearing the plywood sheet with a sticky substance, dragging it over the bushes, pressing it against the plants. Remove pests and destroy them;
  • light trap - for nighttime pests. Under a light source to put a weak solution of insecticide or fermented molasses, jam. Hitting the lamp, the insect falls into a liquid where it dies.

You can manually remove the spider moth nest

You can and should use decoctions, infusions of plants that scare away insects or fight against microorganisms - pathogens. This technique eliminates the need to use hazardous pesticides that are poisonous to humans. But extracts from some plants can also be poisonous to humans, therefore it is necessary to follow basic safety techniques when handling them. The treatment is carried out in the fall one or two times.

Use for infusions, decoctions should only special dishes, which subsequently can not be used for cooking people. Marc and residues from infusions should be buried in the ground.

Broths and infusions without added chemicals

Against aphids, spider mites, suckers use garlic infusion. 180–200 g of fresh garlic, ground in a mortar or meat grinder, kept for a day in a bucket of water (10 l).

In case of damage by aphids or spider mites, a good result is shown by the treatment with infusion of dandelion, potato and tomato tops:

  1. 200–300 g of dandelion roots or 400 g of green leaves are crushed.
  2. Poured into a bucket with 10 liters of water, incubated for two to three hours at a temperature of about 30 degrees.
  3. After filtering, add a teaspoon of mustard, diluted soap, pepper.

Aphids afraid of garlic

Against aphids, spider mites, while treating the garden in the autumn, an infusion of tomato or potato tops is intensively working:

  1. 600 g of stepsons or leaves are crushed in any convenient way, preferably in a meat grinder.
  2. The mass is poured with 10 liters of almost hot water (about 31 degrees), insist three hours, filter.
  3. Then add 1 teaspoon of soap, 1 teaspoon of ammonium nitrate, 1 tablespoon of pepper. This solution is sprayed plantings twice in the autumn season.

To combat the leaf-sucking insects, an infusion of common onion is suitable:

  1. Onions are crushed with a meat grinder, poured a lot into a bucket of water (10 liters).
  2. Add a tablespoon of soda ash.
  3. This mixture is scrupulously, methodically treating the plants, making sure that all parts of it are covered with a solution.

Broth onion peel is prepared for spraying

Against aphids, leaf-eating caterpillars, spider mites successfully apply an infusion of onion peel. 200 g of the husk are drawn with 10 liters of water for three to four days, after which the solution is filtered, then it is used to treat the garden one or two times in the fall.

Against suckers, small leaf-sucking pests, aphids, caterpillars successfully use the infusion of hot peppers:

  1. 100 g of freshly chopped, chopped pepper pods boil for about an hour over low heat.
  2. After that, insist two days in a closed dark glass container.
  3. For processing, 50 g of infusion is cast, diluted to 10 liters with water and used for spraying trees and shrubs in the fall.

To work on the garden plot does not become a daily torment, it is necessary to develop a system and frequency of treatments, choose drugs. If you do everything in a planned way, then soon the garden will turn into a paradise, bringing wonderful fruit.

You can use urea (carbamide), copper or iron sulphate, 3% bordeaux mixture. But the treatment is carried out not by these four preparations, but preferably by one of them during the period when the foliage completely falls, but before the onset of frost.

Autumn treatment of fruit diseases with urea

This is a highly efficient granulation fertilizer containing nitrogen nutrient necessary for plant growth and development in a digestible form. Mass fraction in its fertilizer is 46%. Urea is the most popular spray. It can be used in the fall and spring. In the autumn period, the concentration is taken at the rate of 500-700 grams per 10 liters of water. At the same time, it burns a lot of fungal diseases, even some of the pests that try to winter on fruit trees.

Urea processing in the fall is a chemical treatment, not a tree fertilizer. It is held over the entire crown of a tree or berry bush and always sprayed adjacent land around the tree. Urea is sprayed with virtually all pome and stone fruit cultures, as well as berry bushes.

Autumn processing of the orchard with blue vitriol

The drug is considered a fungicide to combat diseases of berry, fruit (seed and stone fruit), ornamental crops. This is a good prophylactic against various types of fungal diseases on plants. The concentration of copper sulfate is chosen depending on the type of plant. So, for spraying apples and pears, as well as quince, it is necessary to do the concentration at the rate of 100 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. And for stone fruits, like plums, cherries, cherries, as well as peaches and apricots, use a different concentration - 50-75 g per 10 liters of water. The same concentration is used for spraying berry bushes.

Treating the trees is done after the leaves have completely dropped, carefully processing the branches and the trunk of the tree.

Our advice

Due to the poor solubility of ferrous sulfate in cold water, it is desirable to heat it. First, it is desirable to dilute the vitriol in a small amount of warm water, and then mix with the main volume.

Autumn processing of trees in the garden iron sulfate

It is a remedy for various garden pests, fungal spores, mosses and lichens. This tool is used not only to combat diseases and pests, but it can also fill the need of fruit trees for iron. Especially this element is necessary for apple, pear and plum.

On average, the concentration of the solution is used at the rate of 300 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water. But there are some nuances. For example, for spraying gooseberries, currants, raspberries use 250 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water, for stone fruits - 300 g of the preparation and pome seeds (apple and pear) - 500 g per 10 liters of water. Spraying is carried out on a bare tree, a pristvolny circle and the earth around a tree.

Bordeaux mixture for processing orchard in the fall

An effective means of autumn pest and disease control is the treatment of fruit trees, shrubs and berries, with a 3% Bordeaux mixture. The solution can be prepared independently: 300 g of copper sulfate should be dissolved in 5 l of warm water. In the next 5 liters, dilute 400 g of lime and, constantly stirring, pour a thin stream of vitriol into the solution of lime.

You can buy a package of ready-made Bordeaux mixture, then dissolve it in the recommended amount of water.

Bordeaux mixture well destroys all types of spots, scab and many more fungal diseases (curly, moniliosis, coccomycosis, nodules, etc.). Handle all shoots and trunk.

It must be remembered that the treatment is carried out in dry, calm weather. It is important to take measures for personal protection.

Miron DATSKO, Ph.D.
  Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation NAAS

Depositphotos photo