Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics under the canopy of flowering trees have long become an integral attribute of the meeting of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The fiscal and academic year here begins on April 1, when gorgeous cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura grows well in cooler regions - certain species can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
It is very interesting for me to analyze how the tastes and preferences of people to certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was a subject of trade, over time, lost its value and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince is cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century d. er It was known about 6 varieties of quince and even then described the methods of its reproduction and cultivation.
We prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This sauce is one hundred percent universal, as it fits into each side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything else. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or do not want to think too much about what to cook. Take you favorite side dish (you can do it in advance so that everything is hot), add sauce and dinner is ready! This magic wand.
Farming refers to such human activities, the successful outcome of which is not always directly proportional to the efforts made. Unfortunately, nature does not necessarily act as our ally in growing plants, and often even, on the contrary, throws up new challenges. Increased reproduction of pests, abnormal heat, late return frosts, hurricane wind, drought ... And one of the springs gave us another surprise - the flood.
With the arrival of the summer season, the question arises of growing strong and healthy seedlings of our favorite vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, sweet pepper, eggplant and many other crops. Along with this, the question arises - how to grow decent seedlings and in the future to get from it healthy plants and a decent harvest? For example, I have already grown up seedlings for a single season and protected my garden from diseases with the help of biological preparations Alirin-B, Hamair, Gliokladin, Trihotsin.
I will allow myself to confess my love today. In love with ... lavender. One of the best unpretentious, evergreen and beautiful flowering shrubs, which can be successfully grown in your garden. And if someone thinks that lavender is Mediterranean or at least southern, then you are mistaken. Lavender grows well in more northern regions, even in the Moscow region. But in order to grow it, you need to know some rules and features. About them and will be discussed in this article.
Having once tasted such an invaluable product as a pumpkin, it is already difficult to stop searching for all the new recipes for serving it to the table. Pumpkin in Korean, despite its spiciness and spice, has a fresh and delicate flavor. After cooking, you need to cover the salad and let it brew for at least 15 minutes. I have a very juicy and sweet pumpkin pumpkin, so there is no need to knead it. If the pumpkin is of a different sort, then you can knead it with your hands so that it slightly lets out the juice.
Salad, as the earliest and unpretentious green culture, has always been held in high esteem by gardeners. Spring planting most gardeners usually start with sowing lettuce, parsley and radish. Recently, the desire for healthy nutrition and a large selection of greenery in supermarkets make gardeners think, and which of these plants can be grown on their beds? In this article we will talk about the nine most interesting, in our opinion, varieties of lettuce.
The bloom of indoor roses is always “attached” to another “bonus” - moodiness. When it is said that it is easy to grow roses in rooms, they are cunning. For flowering indoor roses need to create literally perfect conditions. And the tireless care, attention and response to any signals from the plant - the main key to success. True, however whimsical roses may be, it is quite possible to grow them in a pottery format. And careful flower growers should not be afraid of this.
Pollock is best cooked in the form of a casserole, separating the fillets from the skin and bones. Pieces of fish are mixed with colorful vegetable set, poured with cheese sauce, sour cream and eggs. Such fish casserole has a presentable appearance, and its taste is a fancy mixture of subtle nuances. Vegetables and fillets are soaked with sour cream, the cheese hardens with a ruddy crust, eggs tie together all the ingredients. Pieces of fish are plentifully poured with Italian herbs, and the pollock acquires an unusual piquancy.
Despite the fact that the calendar spring begins in March, one can only truly experience the awakening of nature with the advent of flowering plants in the garden. Nothing indicates the arrival of spring as eloquently as the glades of flowering primroses. Their appearance is always a small holiday, because winter has receded, and a new garden season awaits us ahead. But, apart from spring primroses, there is still something to see and admire in April.
Growing rapidly and turning into wild thickets, the hogweed disrupts the established ecosystem and suppresses all other plants. Essential oils contained in the fruits and leaves of the Hogweed cause severe forms of dermatitis. At the same time it is much more difficult to fight it than with other common weeds. Fortunately, today a means has appeared in free sale that can in a short time save your lot from most of the weeds, including the Hogweed.
Carrots come in various colors: orange, white, yellow, purple. In orange carrots, beta-carotene and lycopene predominate, yellow color is due to the presence of xanthophylls (lutein); White carrots have a lot of fiber, and violet contains anthocyanin, beta and alpha carotenes. But, as a rule, gardeners choose varieties of carrots for sowing not by the color of the fruit, but by the time of their ripening. We will tell about the best early, middle and late varieties in this article.
We recommend a fairly easy recipe for a pie with an appetizing chicken and potato filling. An open pie with chicken and potatoes is an excellent hearty dish, which is suitable for a dense snack, it is very convenient to take a couple of pieces of this pastry on the road. The cake is baked in the oven for one hour at 180 degrees. After that, lay it on a wooden surface, pre-releasing it from the mold. It is enough to cool the pastries slightly and you can start tasting.
Violet (lat Viola) - genus of herbaceous plants of the family Violaceae (Violaceae).
Violet has a short stem that carries an outlet of hairy, strongly pubescent leaves. The leaves are broadly oval or round, the shape of the ripple varies depending on the variety. Different types of outlet diameter can vary from 7 to 40 cm or more. The flowers are simple five-membered or double, of different colors, collected on stalks of 2-7 pieces.
Violet takes the first place in the world among indoor plants. Flowers are the most perfect creations of nature. Violet, personifying the arrival of spring, the revival of nature, a favorite flower in many nations. These delicate little flowers are full of grace, unearthly beauty and perfection. Violet blossoms nine months a year, regardless of the season, without causing allergic reactions. Not whimsical at all, does not require bright lighting, good land, large pots. The smell of violets has a great effect on the body, intellect and soul at the same time, tuning it on an optimistic note, relieving tension, activating the body's defenses, helps from insomnia.
Types of violets
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Violet care
Temperature. Based on data on climatic conditions in the homeland of violets, the optimum temperature for growing is 20-24 ° C. At a temperature of 20 ° C, adult specimens bloom for a long time, flowers are large, they stay on plants for a long time. For young, developing plants, recently separated from the parent sheet, it is better to set the temperature above 23-24 ° C.
However, in winter, plants often experience a decrease in temperature, especially if they are on the windowsill. If the temperature is 16-18 ° C, it does not noticeably affect their condition. You only need to take care that they do not get cold air during ventilation. In order to avoid overcooling of the roots it is impossible to keep the plants on a cold stone window sill, it is better to place it on a wooden stand.
Fertilizer. Immunocytophyte is a multi-purpose stimulator of protective reactions in plant growth and development. Designed to increase resistance to disease (late blight, Alternaria, rhizoctoniosis, black leg, true and downy mildew, gray and white rot, bacterioses, various scabs), resistance to adverse weather conditions, acceleration of growth and development of plants. Immunocytophyte is a mixture of ethyl fatty acids and urea with the content of active ingredient ethyl arachidonic acid (0.16 g / kg). Immunocytophyte is available in blue (violet) tablets.
Immunocytophyte accelerates the growth and development of plants, fruit ripening, promotes healing of wounds when insects damage plants, and increases anti-stress activity. The period of the protective action of an immunocytophyte is up to 45 days.
Air humidity for violets. Under natural conditions in the homeland, the violet grows near streams and waterfalls, near obmeshlyakh stones, so the air is constantly saturated with moisture. Optimum humidity for violets 60-70%. In the rooms, especially with central heating, this figure is often around 40%, which is not too useful for people. A normal humidity of 45–50% for us will be quite suitable for our pets. Since it is difficult to create such humidity throughout the room, it is necessary to increase it near the plants, creating a favorable microclimate for them.
There are several possibilities for this. The first is that violets are placed in flat containers (it is convenient to use standard metal baking trays of 33-45 cm, which are sold in hardware stores). They put water in a layer of about 1 cm. To prevent the roots of the plants from suffering from excessive moisture, they put the pot in a small saucer. Vaporizing, water increases the humidity of the air near the plants. Peat moss can be placed on a pallet with a sphagnum layer of about 4 cm, which is highly hygroscopic. As the moss dries, they moisten. You can use the sand.
For many indoor plants it is useful to spray them with water from a spray bottle. But for violets with their thick pubescence, this method is unsuitable, you can only spray water on the plants, and near them, creating something like fog.
It has been noted that the culture in the kitchen, where there are more fumes, is doing very well. This is especially important for young plants. To create them high humidity, they are placed in a greenhouse or covered with a glass jar or a bag of plastic film. But we must remember that for adult plants such high humidity (80-100%) can cause fungal diseases, especially if there is no inflow of fresh air.
The optimum air humidity for our plants is 50-60%, but adult specimens are often satisfied with less (30-40%) humidity with the correct temperature and regular watering.
Watering. For irrigation, it is easiest to use ordinary tap water, which was kept in an open container for 2-3 days. We do not recommend using magnetized water. It may give good results at first, but will subsequently negatively affect the plants.
How the moisture regime is observed can be judged by the appearance of the plant. If the leaves are constantly resilient, well-colored, then the watering mode is correct. When the leaves begin to wither, this indicates overdrying of the soil. If it has dried out very strongly, most of the leaves become as if soft, they fall, hang down from the edges of the pot, and the earth moves away from its walls. In this case, the pot is carefully lowered to ½ the height in warm (25-27 ° C) water, incubated for 1-1.5 hours, and then put in a shaded place, covering the plant for a day with plastic wrap. Usually after a day, violet leaves again become elastic.
If due to a thorough drying of the plant coma, a part of the thin roots has died, it doesn’t restore its original form so quickly: after all, until new roots develop, the plant will absorb moisture more slowly.
Some amateur flower growers are afraid to “pour” their violets and constantly keep them on the “water diet” - they rarely and not enough water. Such specimens do not die, but grow slowly, the flowers shrink from them, the leaves sometimes get a yellowish tint. They are more exposed to various diseases, more often they die in winter. With excessive watering, when the moisture constantly stagnates in the pallets, all the capillaries of the soil are filled with water, the access of air to the roots ceases, the plants are as if choking and dying. This often happens when planting in a pot of too large size or due to the lack of normal drainage in it.
With a constantly wet coma, the lower leaves of the plant begin to descend (as during drying). To determine the cause, the plant is carefully removed from the pot and inspect the root system. If the roots are brown, the skin is easily removed from them in the form of a stocking - these are signs of decay of the violet roots - the plant must be saved. Carefully wash off the ground from the roots, remove all rotten parts with a sharp razor and immerse the remaining living roots for 30 minutes in a weak pink solution of potassium permanganate. Then the plant is planted in a small pot with a diameter of 6 cm with a very loose earthy mixture (from equal parts of minced sphagnum, sand and leafy earth).
Often, novice growers ask: "How often, how many times a week do you need to water the violets?"
The main condition for a successful culture: watering should be regular, it should not be allowed to dry the earthy coma. Usually used one of two methods of irrigation: from the bottom of the pan or top.
With ordinary watering from above, it is necessary to water a thin stream of water in the edge of the pot so as not to blur the surface of the soil. In no case should water fall on delicate young leaves, in the center of the outlet, accumulate there. For irrigation, it is most convenient to use a small watering cup with a long spout (a short spout can be falsely lengthened using a glass tube and a rubber “coupling”).
Watered until excess water flows through the drain hole to the drain pan. It is impossible for the water to stagnate for a long time - this can lead to "acidification" (or rather, alkalization) of the soil and rotting of the roots, therefore, after 30 minutes, the excess water must be drained.
When watering from above, water, seeping through the earthen room, washes out part of the harmful salts, which is beneficial for plants. In winter, it is useful to water the plants once a month with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (light pink). The same should be done immediately, if signs of overfeeding are noticeable. The pot is put on a glass jar and carefully watered with a solution (0.3-0.5 l per plant). Through the drainage hole, it merges into a jar, freeing the earthy clod from harmful impurities.
When watering from the bottom, the water is absorbed into the earthen room, in which harmful salts gradually accumulate. The plant begins to wither, especially if the water is hard.
In many cities, for example, Moscow, the water is too hard, contains a lot of calcium salts. The use of such water leads to the fact that a whitish bloom of salts appears on the surface of the earth and on the edges of the pot.
How can you soften such water? Florists invented many ways. Even a simple boiling of water leads to the fact that some of the salts precipitate. Latvian growers recommend placing a bag of peat (approximately 200-300 g per 10 l) in a bucket with irrigation water or dropping a handful of peat moss peat moss into a bucket. You can sometimes (once every 1.5-2 months) pour the earth with water acidified with vinegar (it is better to use 6% apple vinegar) at the rate of 1-2 teaspoons per 3 liters of water.
Due to the excessive content of calcium salts in the soil, the roots cannot absorb some elements, for example, iron, magnesium, although they are abundant in the soil.
What time is best to water? Experts of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences recommend watering in the spring and summer in the morning, autumn and winter - in the afternoon. Obviously, this can be explained by the fact that early in the morning the intensive process of photosynthesis begins in the light, it dawns much later in the winter and autumn. If violets are artificially illuminated, this is not essential, it is only important to always water at the same time.
When watering, water drops sometimes fall on the leaves, which is why they become covered with white irregularly shaped spots and stripes.
Reproduction violets.
Peduncle. The reproduction of violets by the peduncle is used if it is necessary to preserve and transmit to the offspring the complex (fantasy) color of the flower. This is, first of all, chimera varieties that do not transmit varietal color during reproduction by leaf cuttings. This is only possible rooting stepchild or peduncle. It is possible to propagate the peduncle and the fancy variety that you like, especially if it produces many varieties or has a multicolor coloring with dashes, strokes, specks. Reproduction peduncle almost 100% transmits fantasy color. I'll tell you about my way of rooting.
Break out a healthy strong stalk with the most beautiful flowers. We lay on a hard surface, cut off the lower part with a sharp blade, leaving 1 cm to stipules (small leaves on the peduncle). All flowers and buds are also removed, leaving hemp up to 3-5mm tall. The remaining small "tree" is exactly what we need. Sections are well powdered with crushed charcoal, which has the same effect on plant sections as iodine for humans.
Take a small pot or a transparent plastic cup. Lay a 1.5 cm layer of moss on the bottom. Fill in a layer of ground mixture of the same composition as for rooting of leaf cuttings with a layer of 2-2.5 cm. With a wand in the center of the pot do the groove and carefully insert the peduncle to the stipules. A little water and put in a hothouse or package. The moss on the bottom of the pot after watering should remain dry! Paste the name of the variety and the date of planting. For some time, the flower stalk will “freeze” while the roots are being formed. It is necessary to air the plant rarely, and there will not be much condensation in case of poor watering. And greenhouse conditions will help start the rooting process more successfully. Pot set in a bright, but not sunny and warm (+ 20-24 ° C) place.
The success of the whole event, in my opinion, lies in watering. It is necessary to water very little, so that the moss below the pot remains dry. Therefore, it is better to plant in a transparent dish so that it is convenient to observe the process. If everything is done correctly, then after a while small leaves will appear in the axils of the stipules — our future sockets. The timing of the appearance of small rosettes is very different. They may appear in 1.5 months after planting the peduncle, and may be much later.
Active growth of small leaves in the axils of the stipules indicates successful rooting. The leaves of the bracts themselves can also grow a little. Through the transparent walls of the pot, a mesh of white roots is seen, twining around an earthen room. Now you can gradually open the greenhouse or package, accustoming the plant to room conditions. Watering the same, in small portions and only when the top layer of the earth dries out.
When young rosettes grow 2-3 cm high, we remove the pot from the greenhouse or package. If the rosette has a “leg” without roots, you can wrap it with sphagnum moss to form them. We grow until 2-3 pairs of leaves are formed and we plant them, as in the usual separation of children, when we multiply the violet with a leaf handle. As a result of our work we get an exact copy of the favorite variety. I would not say that rooting the peduncle is more difficult than leaf reproduction. The main thing, in my opinion, is a healthy and strong peduncle, loose soil and a neat watering.
Leaflets. The best time for cutting violets is spring and summer. At this time, adventitious roots are formed faster, young plants grow stronger.
The leaves for grafting are separated from healthy, well-formed plants. Choose developed leaves of medium size. In young plants - a little more than a year old - you can cut the lowermost leaves, in older specimens - from the second bottom row, since the lower ones will be somewhat outdated. Young leaves, located closer to the center of the rosette, rooted faster, but the offspring may be weakened. Old or beginning to turn yellow and dry leaves, slowly form roots, often die, not having time to form young seedlings. Large leaves, especially with wavy edges, are also inconvenient for rooting - they are unstable in the ground, and they barely grow.
Sheet carefully cut off, trying not to injure the scape. Then at a distance of 3-4 cm from the leaf blade with a sharp blade of a safety razor, anew make an oblique cut approximately at an angle of 45 °.
What rooting cuttings violets? There are several methods. Many growers are more likely to root the leaves in the water. This method is convenient because you can observe the appearance of roots and their growth. However, sometimes there are difficulties when planting leaves in the ground, the roots can be injured.
Water for cuttings must be clean and soft; distilled is best suited. Tap water is fairly clean, but often quite tough. Adventitious roots develop slowly in it, often stalk rotting. If the water hardness is very high, the roots do not appear at all. Boiling does not significantly reduce the rigidity, to mitigate, you can use the methods discussed in the section on watering. Lake, river, well water, depending on local conditions, has a different degree of hardness. But such water must be boiled, otherwise green algae may develop in a container with leaves.
Sometimes use the water formed during the defrosting of the refrigerator. It is soft enough, but it must be filtered through cotton (to remove food crumbs, fat, etc.), and then boiled.
Many flower growers use rainwater for rooting leaves. However, it often happens that, despite the apparent transparency, it contains harmful industrial compounds for plants, and the leaves may die.
You can use melted snow water. In the spring, it is characterized by increased biological activity and the roots develop rapidly in it.
Recently flower growers sometimes use boiled and rapidly cooled water without air access. Convenient for this pressure cooker: boiling water, put it without removing the lid in cold water. Such water also stimulates the appearance of roots.
Purely washed and boiled bubbles from under the medications (preferably dark), jars of mustard or mayonnaise, small faceted cups made of simple glass can be used to bark leaves in water. It has been observed that in some vessels the roots appear quickly, and in others - much slower or even not formed at all, although outwardly the vessels are almost the same. Interestingly, in the crystalware, no variety in our practice has given roots. This is probably the case with glass.
In a wide-mouth jar, several leaves can be rooted at the same time, but they should be placed freely, without overlapping each other. To do this, cover the jar with thick (preferably parchment) paper, securing it with adhesive tape or an elastic band, then make several holes in the paper and insert each into the stem. Before planting the cuttings in the ground, the paper is cut.
When rooting leaves in water, it does not change, but only topped up as it evaporates.
Some put a leaf with a stem in a glass filled with about ¼ of the volume, so that the sheet rests on the walls of the glass and the whole glass is placed in a plastic bag, tightly tied up - in this case you do not need to worry that the water will evaporate. The cutting must be submerged in water no more than 1.5-2 cm and not touch the bottom (otherwise it may bend and it will be difficult to plant it in the ground).
Good results were also given by the method recommended by English flower growers: the leaves with petioles are laid out in a deep plate so that the leaf blades lie along the edges and the petioles are in the water. With this method it is more convenient to provide each sheet with a label with the name of the variety.
If the end of the stem is rotting, it is cut to healthy tissue and placed in another vessel with fresh distilled water. You can try to root it in the ground or sphagnum.
Leaf violet cuttings are best kept in a bright, but not sunny place. After about 2-3 weeks, roots appear on the stem. No need to wait for them to develop very strongly. When their length reaches 1.5-2 cm, the most favorable time comes for transplantation into the earth mixture.
It should be very loose, contain a minimum of nutrients, have a fine structure (preferably sieved). This is necessary not to damage the delicate roots of young plants when they are separated from the uterine leaf. Approximately one third of the mixture should be well washed sand. Significantly improves the substrate finely grated sphagnum moss, which has bactericidal properties. Instead, you can use sifted red peat. It is desirable that the mixture was about 1/3 of the substrate prepared for adult violets (only without manure humus). You need to add a little crushed charcoal for disinfection. The substrate should always be moderately wet.
Leaves rooted in water can be planted in small clay pots (about 7 cm), but it must be borne in mind that moisture evaporating through the walls cools the earthen room. In the greenhouse, where the humidity is very high, this phenomenon is not observed. To increase the relative humidity of the air, the leaves, planted in pots, covered with a plastic bag or a glass jar (once a day or two needs to be ventilated). Shelter is removed when young shoots appear. Direct sunlight should not fall on the leaves to avoid overheating.
When planting rooted leaves, flower growers often encounter such a difficulty: at the very first watering, leaves that have not yet become fixed in the ground fall from their own weight. To prevent this, you can take any thin stick - a splinter, an old knitting needle (it is very convenient to use light plastic “straws” for cocktails). One end of the stick is stuck into the ground, and the other end is supported by a sheet.
Violets are well rooted in fresh green (live) peat moss sphagnum. But it is important that it retains its vitality. Sometimes sphagnum dies from insufficient lighting. He is very sensitive to watering. It is better to use sphagnum with short stalks, planting it in enameled or earthenware; plastic is not suitable, as it can act on the acid secreted by moss. Tops of moss lightly trimmed with scissors. Moss can be treated with a weak fertilizer solution.
It is necessary to plant violets rooted in sphagnum when young growth grows to 5-6 cm. With a more elongated growth, it will be difficult to free the developed roots from moss.
Another common method is rooting leaves in an earth mixture. Small boxes (35 x 25 x 4 cm in size) made of pine or spruce planks, lined with plastic wrap, are convenient for this. An earth mixture (3-4 cm) is poured on the bottom, moistened with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Leaves are planted at a distance of 4-5 cm from one another, to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm, otherwise young sprouts will have difficulty making their way through the ground. Leaves are strengthened with chopsticks or “straws”; for stability, leaves with shorter petioles (2-3 cm) can be taken. A wire frame is installed above the box and covered with plastic wrap, leaving a small gap for air flow. The film is removed after 3-4 weeks.
By this time, the leaves are already fixed in the ground. In the future, they increase in size and shade the emerging growth. Therefore, when the plant reaches a height of 1.5-2 cm, the plates of the parent leaves are cut in half, which increases the luminosity of the shoots and contributes to its rapid development.
Leaves of violets, pre-rooted in water and then planted in a box, cover with a film is not necessary. The wet surface of the ground in the box creates a microclimate with high humidity. Boxes with planted leaves are placed near the window or under fluorescent lamps.
If the leaf does not form overgrowths for a long time, but it grows, you can try, without removing it from the ground, cut off half of the leaf blade from it and plant it for rooting. The cut surface is sprinkled with crushed charcoal, a piece of sheet is sunk into the earthen mixture by 0.5 cm.
Sometimes, at the planted leaf stalk, the upper part of the leaf begins to rot, then it is necessary to remove the rot, cutting it to healthy tissue, and sprinkle with pounded charcoal (the most effective is to powder the cut with fundosol).
If the sheet has lost turgor, it has become soft, and the rotting is not noticeable, it is necessary to increase the humidity of the air (it is covered with a glass or a plastic bag).
It happens that a leaf that has been planted has formed a growth not at the cut of the stem, but on a part not buried in the ground or even at the point of transition of the stem into the leaf plate. This can happen if the air humidity is too high or, for example, if the sheet was cut with a blunt knife. In this case, you must wait until the growth grows to 2.5-3 cm, and then it is separated from the stem and rooted as a side stepson.
When the seedlings formed around the parent sheet reach a height of 4-5 cm, they can be separated. Premature separation, when the growth is not higher than 1.5-2 cm, can lead to its death. Carefully dug out of the ground (it should be moderately wet, crumbly), the mother leaf with its own roots gently separated, tilted to the side so as not to damage the fragile stems and tender roots of young plants. They are separated and each copy is planted separately.
The most crucial stage is the further development of young plants. It should be borne in mind that the mother leaf is a part of an already formed plant, it is more viable than fragile young plants with weak roots of their own. Therefore, care must be taken that young plants develop in the best conditions. Of great importance is the depth of landing. The petioles of the lower leaves should be slightly above ground level. If the plants are too deep, that is, they are planted so that the earth is at the level of a growing point, they will develop poorly, and there is a great possibility of rotting of the entire outlet. We can not allow the earth to fall on the stalks and on the point of growth.
Great care must be taken when watering. Water, especially at first, should only be warm (3-4 ° C above room temperature). Do not let the water fall into the center of the outlet - it can cause rot. If, however, by chance a few drops of water fall into the growth point, they must be removed with cotton wool or filter paper.
For successful growth requires diffused light, direct sunlight is unacceptable. Even under favorable conditions, young violets in the first 2-3 weeks seem to “freeze” (during this time they develop their own roots). Then the growth of the central leaflets begins and the sockets gradually form.
For young plants it is very important to observe the optimum temperature regime - 23-25 ° C, especially in the first 2-3 weeks. Lowering the temperature to 17-19 ° C in the first days after transplantation can lead to the death of plants. In the future, when young plants get stronger and begin to grow, such a drop in temperature will no longer be dangerous for them.
Rooting stepchildren violets. Some varieties of violets (especially new ones, distinguished by the multicolor colors of the flower) can repeat their original pattern only when propagated by side shoots (in the practice of floriculture called stepchildren). Abroad, these varieties are considered the most valuable and expensive, because they can not be quickly propagated.
To get the side stepsons, remove the growing point with incipient leaves with a pair of tweezers or a needle. After some time, this instance in the leaf axils begin to appear stepchildren - side shoots. When they reach a size of about 3 cm, they should be carefully separated and rooted in the earth mixture - the same as for leaf rooting. For the successful rooting of stepsons, it is necessary for the first 3-4 weeks to ensure increased air humidity and a temperature of 22-24 ° C.
Young plants are grown under fluorescent lamps in the greenhouse. Separated stepchildren usually have a short stalk, and they have to be buried considerably. In order not to rot the growth point, for planting it is best to use sphagnum moss and coarse sand or vermiculite in a 2: 1 ratio with the addition of crushed (granules from 2 to 7 mm) charcoal, about ½ cup per liter jar of the mixture.
Part of the stepsons may form in the lower part of the stem, near the surface of the earth, they usually have their own roots. These plants, separated, immediately planted in small pots with a loose mixture, they quickly take root.
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Tags: violet, cultivation of violets, reproduction of violets, violet care, violet species, photo of violets, violet description, violet flowers, indoor plants, indoor plants
Botanical characteristics of violets
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Violet is a perennial low plant with a creeping growing rhizome. The stalked violet leaves are heart-shaped. Single flowers come in many different shades. The fruit of violet is presented in the form of an interesting box with a large number of seeds. The root of this plant is thin and has little branching. The flowering of this herbaceous plant begins in mid-March and ends in May. It fructifies in August. Violet can be seen in parks, forests, between shrubs and under trees. This plant is found throughout Russia. Decorative violets bloom with pleasure in the front gardens and flower beds. |
Reproduction violets
Violet can be propagated by seed, but sometimes the method is used with grafting shoots. From seeds, the plant grows much stronger than by cutting. Seeds need to be planted in the garden. Shoots will appear in April. And in a month they need to be transplanted separately from each other. Do you want to see beautiful violets in a pot on your windowsill in winter? To do this, at the end of the summer, dig the plant together with the earthy clod. Plant the plant in a pot with fertile soil and place in a cool place. In winter, transfer this plant pot to a place with 10 degrees of heat.
Violets grow well in the light and in the shade. This plant can grow well under trees. Violet does not tolerate drought. Fertile, loose and slightly damp soil is most suitable for growing violets. Wild violet can be seen in the lowlands, because moisture accumulates there.
Every 3 years after planting, remove old plants and plant new ones. At the same moment fertilizers (compost) are applied. If the violet does not have enough air or it is watered a little, then it will be struck by a spider mite.
It is better to sow seeds of a violet right after collecting as they quickly lose germination. Violet is a plant that can multiply by self-sowing. It is necessary to weed regularly. Violet - unpretentious plant. It needs regular watering, loosening and removing weeds.
Violet flowers
Violets are fabulously beautiful flowers that delight with their variety of shades and shapes. The size of the flowers and leaves varies considerably. Thanks to the selection, various varieties were bred - from miniature to incredibly large. The flowers of this elegant plant have anthocyanin glycosides and essential oil, due to which it is an effective tool in the treatment of eczema, herpes, urticaria and lip cracks. Fresh juice of flowers is often used for smallpox and strong cough.
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Violet Leaf
Violet leaves amaze with their content of useful substances. A decoction of these parts of the plant in combination with honey can cure chronic cough and various gastrointestinal ailments. An infusion of violet leaves is useful for calming watery or irritated eyes.
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How to grow a violet from a leaf:
Violet care
Violet grows well both in sunny places and in partial shade. It prefers clearing under the trees. For cultivation should choose loose fertile soil. Due to the fact that the violet does not tolerate drought, it should be watered abundantly and regularly. The wild-growing perennial violet can be seen in the darkened lowlands, as moisture accumulates there.
How to care for violets at home. Such an elegant plant is propagated by seeds. To violet felt good, it is necessary to weed often. Every three years old plants should be removed and new ones should be planted at the same time as fertilizing the soil. Violet loves fresh air and good watering.
How to grow violets at home?
Violet room (home) Unique indoor plants are very fond of the high level of humidity in the room. But do not forget that spraying the leaves is strictly prohibited. It will not be difficult for even a novice florist to care for violet. For breeding, you can take leaves from the middle row, which give a good offspring. The main thing is that the shape of the sheet is not too elongated. Put the cutting in the water before the roots. After that, it can be transplanted into a fertile moist soil. It should also be noted that a significant overcooling of the root system often leads to the death of the flower. That is why the plant should be protected from frost. An ideal place for a pot of violets would be the eastern side with sufficient lighting. The best temperature for proper cultivation is in the range of 20 to 24 degrees. |
Varieties of violets
These beautiful flowers have a huge number of varieties. Graceful violets can be divided by flower type. Small flowers are less than 2 cm in diameter, medium - 2–4 cm, large - up to 6 cm. Depending on the size of the bushes, violets are simple - rosette up to 8 cm - and practical miniature - from 6 to 8 cm. Varieties can also be divided by the number of petals. There are simple species with flat leaves, terry - with fluffy leaves and lush flowers, and semi-double - with wavy petals.
Equally important is the shape of the flower and violets. In classical varieties, the upper petals are larger than the lower ones. Violet stars have all the same petals. Narrow buds - in violets, bluebells. If the top two leaves have grown together, then this is a violet-wasp variety. In addition, violets can be divided by color - single-color, multi-color and violet-chimeras. Depending on the original pattern on the leaves, there are finger, moire and border varieties.
Violet Uzambarsky.Such a perennial plant has a shortened juicy stem, on which is located a rosette of leaves. As a rule, leaves of this sort are heart-shaped at the base of not more than 8 cm. Flowers of the ornamental violet are collected in small inflorescences. The fruit is presented in the form of a densely pubescent box. Modern varieties of this species may vary in terry and shade of the petals.
The violet is blue. Blue violet impresses with its attractive flowers of heavenly hue. Elegant wavy edges give flowers a special charm. The leaves have a pale green tinge and a jagged edge. Flowering is usually quite abundant. This sort of violet will decorate a collection of any florist.
Violet is white. White violet has dense double large flowers that look great on a compact rosette of dark green leaves. The snow-white shade gives the variety innocence and grace, causing undoubted affection. Almost always white violet has a lush composition of white flowers, which will decorate your interior.
Violet Yang. Unusual Yang violets are unique varieties that have unusual shapes and sizes, as well as exclusive combinations of shades. Such fantastic plants often have notched or wavy edges and light green leaves.
Violet is red. This sort of violet can rightly be called one of the most common varieties that every self-respecting grower has. Such violets have a variety of shades - coral, ruby, crimson, purple, wine and burgundy.
Useful properties of violets
Violet contains all substances and elements that are useful for the human body. The plant has anti-inflammatory, diuretic, laxative and antimicrobial properties. It is also used as a good analgesic and sedative. In addition, this plant is often used to lower the arterial.
Violet herb is used to treat bronchitis, sore throat and whooping cough. A decoction of violets helps improve well-being for bronchitis, pneumonia, and asphyxiation.
In addition, violet can be used to treat all kinds of skin diseases. Decoction of the plant will help to improve overall health after an illness.
Violet application
For medical purposes, used field violet (Viola arvensis Murr.) And tricolor violet! Pot violets - Saintpaulias, do not use for therapeutic purposes!
Violet is equally used in traditional medicine as an excellent internal and external therapeutic agent. Violet tea is useful for dry bronchitis, in addition, it perfectly cleans the blood from harmful substances. This plant is recommended not only for inflammation of the respiratory tract, but also for, and. Violet leaves are used for the external treatment of the epidermis.
The leaves of the plant are used externally for various skin diseases. Infusion, made on the flowers of the plant, is indispensable for convulsions, memory impairment and noise in the ears.
Cough violet. Infusion is prepared as follows: take the grass and flowers of violet in the amount of 50 grams and chop. Fill the mixture with a glass of boiling water. Leave for a day to insist. After treating the composition, it is heated over a fire and a glass of sugar is added. Take ready infusion 4 times a day, 1 teaspoon. The optimal course of treatment is 7 days.
Tincture violets for sore throat.For its preparation, you need to take 50 grams of violet flowers and pour a glass of alcohol. Leave for 1 week to insist. Take the tincture is necessary three times a day, 30 ml before meals. And after eating before bedtime you need to rinse the throat with the same tincture: 10 grams of tincture diluted with a glass of warm water.
Flowers of violet on milk for insomnia. Take 3 grams of flowers of the plant and pour 200 ml of boiled milk. Leave for half an hour to insist. Ready milk should be drunk before bedtime, and flowers should be eaten.
Violet with rheumatism and gout. 30 grams of violet grass and roots pour 1 liter of boiling water and take over the day instead of tea.
Violet syrup when coughing in children.To prepare it, take violet flowers and fill the cup to the top. Next, pour 200 ml boiling water there and leave to infuse for 24 hours. Strain the finished decoction, squeeze out the raw material and discard. And in the broth again add fresh flowers and leave to infuse for a day. Now, having filtered the infusion, add the same amount of honey to it, how much decoction has turned out. Take the medicine 3 times a day and 1 teaspoon.
Violet during pregnancy.Take 10 grams of herb violets and pour a glass of boiling water. Pour into enamelware, close tightly with a lid. We put in a water bath for a quarter of an hour, then remove from heat and leave for an hour to infuse. Strain the broth, press the raw material. In the finished broth you need to add another glass of boiling water. The received means is accepted three times a day.
Contraindications to the use of violets
Do not forget that violet is a poisonous plant! That is why when ingestion be careful in dosages.
Expert Editor: Sokolova Nina Vladimirovna | Phytotherapist
Education: A diploma in medicine and treatment was obtained at the NI Pirogov University (2005 and 2006). Advanced training at the Department of Phytotherapy at the Moscow University of Peoples' Friendship (2008).
How to grow violet? Necessary conditions for growing violets. How to care for violet?
Saintpaulia
Family: Generic (Gesneriaceae).
Number of views: about 1200.
Homeland violets: Usambar Mountains in Africa.
Description of violets (Saintpaulias)
Stemless plant that forms a rosette of leaves, the root system is superficial. The leaves are oblong-oval, on succulent petioles, fleshy, with smooth or slightly serrated edges. Color from light to dark green depending on the type.
The flowers can be simple or double, 4 cm in diameter, of various colors - white, pink, purple, lilac, different shades of lilac color, besides often there are varieties with two-color flowers (rims on the edges of the petals and their middle parts are painted in contrasting colors ).
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Growing violets. The necessary conditions
Temperature
They prefer a moderate temperature, they do not tolerate sharp changes in it. The optimum temperature in the spring-summer period is 21-22 ° C. In winter, some decrease is desirable, but not lower than 16 ° С. Violets do not tolerate drafts. .jpg)
Lighting
Saintpaulias are light-requiring, but do not tolerate direct sunlight. It is advisable to keep them on the eastern or western windows. For uniform illumination, it is necessary to turn the pot with violets from time to time, since, unlike many other plants, they are positive about such a procedure. Plants well perceive and artificial lighting. So, by illumination it is possible to significantly extend the time of flowering of violets during the period of short daylight.
How to water a violet
Saintpaulias are moisture-loving, but do not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil, so you need to water them as the top layer of the substrate dries. Water for irrigation is used only well settled at room temperature. Watering should be carefully, at the root - water should not fall on the leaves, as this will lead to their decay. You can apply watering from the bottom, pouring water into the pan.
Fertilizers for Violets
For optimal growth and prolonged flowering, violets should be fed once a week with mineral fertilizer.
Rest period
Not expressed.
Air humidity
Saintpaulias prefer increased air humidity, but it is impossible to spray the leaves of plants, therefore, to ensure the comfort of the violets, you need to put the pot on a tray with expanded clay or moss, which is constantly moisturized. Do not keep Saintpaulia close to central heating radiators or heaters. If a battery is located under the window sill where the flowers stand, it should be hung with a wet towel.
Violet transplant
With the growth of violets and the formation of new daughter outlets need
replant plants with simultaneous division. Pots for Saintpaulias should be shallow, but wide.
The best substrate for them is a mixture of turf, leaf, coniferous land, peat and sand in a ratio of 3: 2: 1: 1: 1. To obtain in the same pot the original multi-color composition, you can plant together several different varieties of violets.
Violet breeding
At home, violets are propagated by daughter rosettes during transplantation, as well as leaf cuttings. You can cut a piece of violet, put it in the water, and after a while the roots will appear on the stem. Leaves with roots are planted in a pot of 3-5 pieces together.
Violet room: care and cultivation, reproduction of violets
Uzambarsky, or indoor, violets are common home plants that are nice to look at. Decorative culture with its delicate flowering over a long period of time.
Description
Potted violet flowers, or Saintpaulias, are plants whose homeland is Africa, so they are also called African violets. Saintpaulia flowers have a lot of color, they are pink, white, purple, violet. The classic and familiar color of culture - purple - can be seen in the photo.
Source: Depositphotos
Room violet bloom
There is a type of coloring in the style of "fantasy", with strokes and beautiful spots. There are giant violets with a flower diameter of 60 cm, medium ones with a diameter of 15 cm, and also mini-violets with flowers of 6 cm.
In a natural environment, African violets grow near rocky waterfalls, and therefore love the high humidity. Currently, breeders have bred more than 5 thousand varieties of Usambar violets. The shape of the petals is found both classical and star-shaped.
Caring for them does not require much effort, the cultivation of even a novice grower.
Care instructions
Violet room unpretentious and care for her is not difficult:
- Shine. Keep the violets only by the window. They like to get a small amount of sunlight every day. If you have the opportunity to put flowers on the window facing east, they can receive the necessary amount of sunlight every morning.
- Watering. Water African violets only with water, which is infused in the tank for irrigation for 8 hours or more. This will allow impurities in the water to evaporate. African violets also do not accept chemicals in ordinary tap water. When watering the flowers, bring the spout of the tank directly to the soil in the pot. Violet leaves should not get wet. Water the violet only when the soil is already dry. Check the soil for moisture every two days. As soon as you notice water droplets on violet leaves, wipe them down.
- Temperature. Place African violets only in climate controlled areas. Flowers may die in cold or heat. If you put a thermostat in your house, your African violets will bloom magnificently.
The above instructions will help to provide emergency assistance to the plant in adverse conditions.
Compliance with all the rules of care will allow for a long time to enjoy the flowering pet indoor.
