For students of the 9th grade are offered control dictations for two semesters and the end of the school year. You can schedule control in the work program based on selected texts from the material. Some dictations are given additional tasks on the syntax of a complex sentence. The students master the skills of drawing up diagrams of sentences with different types of communication, giving a characteristic.
Control dictation following the results of 1 half year
Educated people
Educated people respect the human person, and therefore always condescending, gentle, polite. They are compassionate for not only the poor and cats. They suffer from the soul and from what you will not see with the simple eye. They are sincere and afraid of lies like fire. 4 They do not lie even in trifles. They are not drawn, they keep themselves on the street just like at home, they do not let dust into the eyes of a smaller brotherhood. They are not talkative and do not climb with frankness when they are not asked.
They do not humiliate themselves in order to arouse sympathy in another. They do not play on the strings of other people's souls, so that in response they sigh and nurse them. They do not say: “They do not understand me,” because it beats on a cheap effect.
They are not fussy. They are not occupied by such fake diamonds as familiarity with celebrities.
To grow up and not to stand below the level of the environment in which you fell, it is not enough to read Pickwick. Here we need uninterrupted day and night work, eternal reading, study of the will. 4 (According to A. Chekhov.)
(152 words.)
Grammar assignment
Eagle's Nest
Once a flock of precious wild spotted deer, moving to the sea, came to a narrow cape. We stretched a wire mesh across the cape behind them and blocked their way into the taiga. There were a lot of grass and shrubs for deer for food, we could only protect our dear guests from leopard predators, wolves and even eagles. four
From the height of the mountain, I began to look at the rock below and soon noticed that near the sea, on a high rock covered with grass, loved by deer, was grazing a female deer. Near her in the shade lay a little yellow circle. Looking through the binoculars, I soon became convinced that it was a deer.
Suddenly, where the surf was hurling its white fountains, trying as if to get them into the dark green pines inaccessible to it, an enormous eagle rose, soared high and rushed down. But the mother heard the noise of a huge bird falling, quickly grabbed and met her: she stood on her hind legs against the cub and with her front hooves tried to hit the eagle, and he, angry with an unexpected obstacle, began to attack before the sharp hoof fell into him. 4 (163 words.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Reefs
A luxurious tropical day ended. The scorching heat subsided, and from the hushed ocean blew gentle tenderness.
The sun quickly rolled toward sunset and soon the distant horizon lit with a blazing glow, brightening up the sky with magical tints of all sorts of colors and colors, sometimes bright, sometimes tender, and flooding with a glitter of purple and gold and the strip of the ocean, and the tops of the high volcanic mountains a verdant island, sharply outlined in transparent clarity of air.
Blowing black puffs of smoke from its white pipe, the Kite approaches the foaming burunas, which whiten with silver ribbon whiten near the island. These mighty oceanic waves with noise break on the obstacle that has risen due to the everlasting work of small polyps from the invisible depths of the ocean, on a narrow surface strip of a ring-shaped coral reef all the way to the island.
Having slowed down the course, the Kite flew through a narrow re-fa passage, left the ocean behind and found itself in a calm lagoon, smooth as a mirror and blue as turquoise. This lagoon, surrounded on all sides, is an excellent harbor, in the depths of which, sinking in green and gleaming under the rays of the setting sun with a red-golden glitter of its white huts and red embankment buildings that look like the mighty foliage , nestled a small town - the capital of the kingdom on the islands. (176 words.)
House in the garden
The huge old maple, towering over the entire southern part of the garden, visible from everywhere, became even bigger and more visible: he dressed himself with fresh, thick greenery.
The main alley became higher and better. The tops of its old lime trees were covered with a pattern of young foliage, rose and stretched over the garden with a light green ridge.
And below the maple lay something solid, curly, fragrant, cream-colored.
And all this: a huge lush top of the maple, light green ridges of the avenue, wedding whiteness of apple trees, pears, bird cherries, the blue of the sky, and all that grew in the gardens, and in the hollow, and along the side lime alleys and paths, and under the foundation southern wall - everything was striking in its thickness, freshness and novelty.
In a clean, green courtyard from the oncoming vegetation from everywhere it seemed to be more crowded, the house became as if smaller and more beautiful. He seemed to be waiting for guests: all day the doors and windows in all rooms were open: in the white room, in the blue old-fashioned living room, in the small lounge, hung with oval miniatures, and in the sunny library, a large and empty corner room with old icons and low bookcases. And everywhere in the rooms they looked once green, then light, then dark, then emerald trees. (179 words.)
Night
The night was dark. Although the moon rose, it was hidden by thick clouds covering the horizon. Perfect silence reigned in the air. Not the slightest breeze ruffled the smooth surface of a falling asleep river, which quickly and silently rolled its waters towards the sea. In some places only a light splash was heard near the steep bank of the lump of earth that had separated and fell into the water. Sometimes a duck flew over us, and we heard the quiet but sharp whistle of its wings. Sometimes the catfish floated to the surface of the water, stuck out its ugly head for a moment and, lashing down on the streams with its tail, went down into the depths. Again everything is quiet.
Suddenly there is a dull, drawn-out roar and does not pass for a long time, as if freezing in a silent night. This deer wanders far away and calls the female. The heart trembles at the sound of a hunter, and before his eyes is clearly drawn a proud royal, quietly wading through the reeds.
The boat, meanwhile, slips unnoticed, pushed by careful strikes of oars. Stepan's high, immovable figure looms unclearly on the horizon. His long white paddle moves silently back and forth, and only occasionally is transferred from one side of the boat to the other. (According to I. Bilfeld.)
Horn sounds
This morning, for the first time in my life, I heard a game that hit me on a shepherd's horn.
I looked out the open window, lying in a warm bed and shaking from the chill of the dawn. The street was flooded with the pink light of the sun rising behind the houses. Here the gates of the courtyard opened, and the gray-haired host shepherd, in anointed with his boots and high hat, like a top hat, stepped into the middle of the still deserted street. He put his hat at his feet, crossed himself, put a long horn on his lips with both hands, puffed out his thick cheeks - and I started at the first sounds: the horn began to play so loudly that it rattled even in my ears. But it was only at first. Then he began to pick up higher and more pitifully, and suddenly he began to play something joyful, and it became fun.
Cows in the distance moaned and began to steal up, while the shepherd stood and played. He played with his head thrown back, as if he had forgotten everything in the world. The shepherd was taking a breath, and then admiring voices were heard on the street: “This is the master! And why is there so much spirit in him! ”The shepherd probably also heard it and understood how he was listened to, and it was pleasant to him. (According to I. Shmelev.)
(172 words.)
Mikhailovsky house
One can judge his master through the house, and often, looking at a person, one can imagine his house. But sometimes it happens that a house and its owner, by their nature and appearance, are the complete opposite of each other, and then the house and its inhabitants look sadly. On all lies the seal of some anxiety and disorder. But it also happens that a person is so akin to his dwelling, that it is difficult to understand where dwelling ends and dwellers begin.
Restoring the Mikhailovsky House, I thought a lot about Pushkin's dwelling, trying to really imagine how it was arranged and how it looked. After all, Pushkin himself and his friends, who were in his village, were so stingy with stories about this house!
And somehow I imagined: even there, in the south, Pushkin forced the heroes of his Onegin to live in the same village, surrounded by the same nature, among which he now had to live in Mikhailovsky himself. There, in the south, he dreamed of an old manor's house, which would be located on the slope of a hill, surrounded by meadows, behind the meadows forever rustling dense groves, a river, a huge neglected garden ... (S. Geychenko.)
Control dictation following the results of the 2nd half
Seton-Thompson
In the thirties, a glorious man — a writer, artist, naturalist — built a dwelling on juniper-covered and pine-covered hills adjacent to Indian huts. He drew a plan for the construction, chose logs and stones himself, did not let go of the ax along with the carpenters. He chose a wild, uncomfortable place in order to live the rest of his days in nature, not yet trampled by man ...
The house was quite extensive, looking like an Asian one - with a flat roof and a long one, from an uncut log with a porch on stilts. Everything is brought here by the taste and way of life of the owner. The window is large and very tiny, looking out of the stonework like an embrasure. The porch is made of wooden, Indian work figures of some gods, bug-eyed people and bright red angry bears.
Here is a large room full of books and paintings. A chair near the table with a carved greeting: “Welcome, my friends!” In this chair were guests: artists, writers, scientists who came here. But more often in the chairs sat the Indians. They lived here in the hills, and the doors of the house were open for them at any time.
Letters to Indians and friends to the East, Seton-Thompson sometimes did not sign, but drew a wolf trace - this meant a signature. (According to V. Peskov.)
(172 words.)
How Chekhov worked
Chekhov's life was subject to writing work. Those who lived next to Chekhov, guessed that inner work was always seething in him. His senses seemed to continually fix expressions, conversations, colors, sounds, smells.
Chekhov put a lot of things noticed by himself in a notebook, made notes at home, at lunch, at night, on a boat, in the field. When this book was not at hand, he wrote down on what he had: on a piece of paper, a business card, on the back of a letter addressed to him.
Chekhov said that the topic is given by chance. This meant that Chekhov did not invent topics while sitting in his office at his desk. But he did not wait for the case to come to him. The writer himself went to meet the occasion, always looking for him, stubbornly tracking down the topic of how a hunter hunts down game.
Much of Chekhov’s life was explained by the search for these cases: sudden absences from home, unexpected departures, hours spent at night tea, hospitals, hotels in county towns, railway stations. Lines from notebooks turned into sketches for future works, then into a draft, covered with corrections, inserts. The manuscripts of all the true masters are crossed out and across. Chekhov knew well that writing was simply the hardest. (According to A. Raskin.)
Near the house
If in the morning you wake up from a strange knock on the glass and, having risen, you will see a bird on the windowsill, do not be surprised - the guest came from the forest. If you want to wake up every morning under the bell of a tits (and this is the best of the alarm clocks), put a piece of bacon (necessarily unsalted) - the constant friendship between tits, woodpeckers and assholes is provided for you.
This neighborhood is not a burden for people. It is easier for a person to live in cold weather and in bad weather if these fussy and gullible beggars are near. Every manifestation of life near nourishes the soul ...
In the autumn around the house going a lot of living creatures. Swallows before departure, the starlings, before they disappear, be sure to visit the nest or native birdhouse - sit, whistle. Not like in the spring, - they whistle softly, thoughtfully, as if they are remembering something. If a house has a mountain ash or a viburnum bush - expect thrushes, waxwings, bullfinches. And look at the earth: there were mice, nimble caress, a hunter for mice, a hedgehog at night rustling leaves in the garden. And our old and reliable friends - tits almost never leave, all day in sight. Hear them - and take a deep breath, and once again smile. (According to V. Peskov.)
Final control dictation for the school year
Dangerous way
As a lieutenant, neither hurried fighters in the last kilometers of the road, yet dawn found them in a bare, snow-white field on the approaches to the highway. four
Using the predawn twilight, Ivanovsky walked another kilometer. With ever-increasing risk, he was approaching a thread that was barely noticeable on the slope of a road, and suddenly he saw cars coming down from a hillock on it. The lieutenant almost cried out with annoyance: it was not enough for some fifteen minutes to slip to the other side. 4 As a consolation to himself, he first thought that the cars would soon pass, and they really quickly disappeared in the distance, but some horse-drawn carriage appeared after him, then two black car passengers jumped out from behind a hillock. It became clear: the traffic was increasing, there was nothing to think about to cross the highway unnoticed.
Then Ivanovsky, not approaching the highway, but not moving away from him, took abruptly to the side, on a close bare hill with a sparse mane of a bush.
Spending his last strength, the skiers climbed a hill on the slope, almost throwing out the wounded man from the scraps, and the lieutenant, overcoming the pain that had become habitual, slid wearily to the nearby bush. (165 words.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Forest Lake
For the roadside shrubs rose mixed forest. On the left side black water glittered mysteriously. We waited only paths to rush along it into the depths of the forest and find out what is there. And the path has got.
We did not have time to make two hundred steps along it, as the envy of the little doggy stopped us. Not far away there was a forester hut.
The forester invited us into the house and wanted to dispose of the table. But we said that we do not need anything and that we turned off the main road only to find out what water glistens between the trees.
The water began about fifty paces from the threshold, but far below it, as the house stood on the hill. The narrow boat on which we boarded was so light that under the weight of four people plunged into the water on the very edges. Unusual beauty of the lake surrounded us. The dark green oaks and lindens, which overgrown lake shores, were clearly reflected in the still water. 4 Rare and clear, like stars, the flowers of white lilies rested on the water. Each flower was so sharply set off by the blackness of the lake mirror, that we usually noticed it for two to three hundred meters. 4 (According to V. Soloukhin.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate parts in complex sentences.
Mikhailovsky Park
I traveled almost the whole country, saw many places amazing and clutching my heart, but none of them had such sudden lyrical power as Mikhailovsky. It was deserted and quiet. There were clouds above. Below them, over the green hills, over the lakes, along the paths of the centennial park, the shadows passed.
Mikhailovsky Park - a hermit shelter. This is a park created for solitude and reflection, where it is difficult to party. 4 He is a little sullen with his age-old spruces, tall, silent and imperceptibly turns into the same century-old desert forests. Only on the outskirts of the park through the gloom, which is always present under the arches of old trees, will suddenly open a glade overgrown with shiny buttercups, and a pond with quiet water.
The main charm of the Mikhailovsky Park is in the cliff above Sorotia and in the nanny’s house of Arina Rodionovna ... The house is so small and touching that it’s scary to climb its dilapidated porch. four
And from the cliff above Soroti you can see two blue lakes, a wooded hill and our everlasting modest sky with clouds asleep on it ...
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Warm evening
Warm windless day faded. Only far on the horizon, where the sun had gone down, the sky was still surrounded by purple stripes, as if it had been daubed with wide strokes of a huge brush dipped in blood. On this strange and formidable background, the jagged wall of coniferous boron was clearly depicted as a rough, dark silhouette. And here and there, transparent round tops of bare birches sticking up above it, seemed to be painted on the sky with light strokes of a delicate greenish carcass. Slightly higher, the pink glimmer of a fading sunset imperceptibly turned into a faint shade of faded turquoise ...
The air was already dark and the trunk of each tree stood out. It was heard sometimes, like a thick bass hums, flying somewhere very close, the invisible beetle, and how it, dryly slamming about some kind of obstacle, immediately stops. four
In some places through the thicket of trees flashed silver threads of forest streams and swamps. Frogs poured into them in their hurried, deafening cry; the toads echoed their more rare, melodic hoot. Sometimes a duck flew overhead with shy quacking and it was audible how a snipe-ram flit from place to place with loud and short bleating. 4 (According to A. Kuprin.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate parts in complex sentences.
World of nature
A person impoverishes his spiritual life if he arrogantly looks down on everything living and non-living, not endowed with his, human, mind. 4 After all, the life of people, no matter how complex it may be, no matter how far our power over the world around extends, is just a fraction of the life of nature. After all, what we know about it today is so little compared to the mysterious, amazing and beautiful that we still have to learn about it. four
Maybe it is to find out today, when it is important for a person to associate in his mind the latest data on elementary particles, on the “black holes” of the Universe with the white of daisies in forest glades, with luxurious, pulsating constellations overhead, somewhere in the middle of the boundless steppe.
We are still interested in the habits of animals and birds - strange overseas and our friends from childhood. We are interested in many things: why such a dense beast like a bear is easily trained; whether the gray wolf threatens to be listed in the Red Book (there scientists bring animals that are threatened with extinction from the face of the planet); how quickly crystals of rock crystal grow and why it is considered to be a healing leaf of an ordinary plantain. (According to I. Akimushkin.)
(169 words.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Determine the types of subordinate parts in complex sentences.
Native, cherished
Rummaging through heavy rain, flashing lightning, a thundercloud fell into the woods. There still rumbles, continues to sow rain, short, summer. Around it brightened, sunshine followed a cloud, and in half the sky there was a seven-color rainbow over the forests. four
For me since childhood she carries two riddles. First, where did this word come from - from an arc or from joy? Secondly, where and how can you find its base?
According to an old legend, at the foot of the rainbow, treasures of countless treasures are buried. Is that why she shimmers so brightly? Is it because only a smile can cause? It was thought, what kind of happiness it is to visit the coveted foothills! Only in any time there was no person who visited there.
Over the years, much has changed. I have not been looking for the foot of the rainbow for a long time. I firmly know that a rainbow rests on its native land, rich in innumerable treasures. 4 That is why its play is bright, that is why the echo of joy sounds in its very name.
Much is changing, but the rainbow remains unchanged. And does not tarnish. As beautiful as in childhood. This is happiness. (According to F. Polenov.)
Grammar assignment
Parse these sentences.
Find a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, chart this sentence.
Winter
1) So she came - a long-awaited winter! 2) A good run through the frost on the first winter morning! 3) The streets yesterday, still in autumn, are dull, completely covered with burning snow, and the sun shimmers in it with a blinding glitter. 4) A bizarre frost pattern lay on shop windows and tightly closed windows of houses, hoar frost covered branches of poplars. 5) Do you look along the street, stretched out even tape, close to you, look around you - everything is the same: snow, snow, snow ...
6) Occasionally the rising breeze tingles his face and ears, but how beautiful everything around! 7) What gentle, soft snowflakes are smoothly spinning in the air! 8) No matter how prickly the frost is, it is also pleasant. 9) Not for all of us we love winter, that it, just like spring, fills the chest with an exciting feeling.
10) Everything is alive, everything is bright in the transformed nature, everything is full of invigorating freshness. 11) So easy to breathe and so good at heart, that you unwittingly smile, and I want to say in a friendly way on this wonderful winter morning:
- 12) Hello, the long-awaited winter, vigorous! (143 words.)
Grammar assignment
1. From sentences 3-4, write out the word with an alternating unstressed vowel in the root.
From Proposition 7, write out the word with the unstressed vowel being checked in the root.
Write a phrase (sentence number 7), built on the basis of management.
Write out the grammatical basis of sentence number 8.
Write out the grammatical foundations of sentence number 10.
From Proposal No. 3, write down a separate, commonly agreed definition.
From Proposal No. 5, write a separate, common, agreed definition.
Among sentences 8–11, find the complex with a composing and subordinate connection. Write the number of this offer.
Among sentences 6-7, find the compound. Write the number of this offer.
Specify the number of the CPS with contingent contingent.
What is the way to form words in a friendly, tight way?
Father
1) When I remember my father, I always feel remorseful. 2) It seems not enough appreciated and loved him. 3) Every time I feel guilty that I know too little of his life. 4) Did not care to recognize her when it was possible! 5) I try and I can not understand that he was a man.
6) And he was an amazing kind of wonderful talent of his nature.
7) I was twenty that winter, and he was sixty. 8) Just bloomed, in spite of everything, my young forces. 9) And his whole life was behind him. 10) And no one that winter understood the way he, in my heart, felt the connection in her grief and youth.
11) It was a sunny day, and the courtyard lit by the snow looked tenderly through the window of the study.
12) The father took the guitar and began to play something his beloved and dear. 13) His gaze became firm and cheerful in the manner of the gentle merriment of a guitar, with a sad smile mumbling about something dear and lost, that everything in life passes and is not worth the tears. (According to I. Bunin.)
(152 words.)
The task
From sentences 8-10 write out the word with the unpronounced consonant in the root.
From sentences 11-13, write out a word with an unpronounced consonant in the root.
Write out the phrase (sentence number 7), built on the basis of agreement.
Write a phrase (sentence number 11), built on the basis of contiguity.
Write out the grammatical foundations of sentence number 4.
Write out the grammatical foundations of sentence number 13.
What part of speech is the word every and some? Call them discharges.
Among sentences 11–13, find a complex sentence that includes a compound sentence. Write the number of this offer.
Among sentences 7-10, find a complex sentence that includes a compound sentence. Write the number of this offer.
Among the proposals 1-4, specify the number of the IPS with a relative key.
Among sentences 6-10, indicate the number of the IPP with the subordinate explanatory.
What is the method of education words talent and not enough.
Fram and Heron
1) In windy weather, a fledgling fallen out of the nest, but not able to fly, was no different from adult birds.
2) I caught it and, carefully holding it behind a long, sharp, beak-like, I brought it home. 3) The burning eyes of a young heron seemed unkind. 4) With my hand, I held the beak of a caught heron, fearing that she would poke my eye out. 5) I made it on a small glass porch, where my dog Fram was located in a corner.
6) Located in another corner of the heron, it seemed, did not pay attention to her. 7) Soon she got used to her dwelling and willingly ate the fish that was brought to her. 8) When Fram was given food in a clay cup and he began to gnaw the bones, a funny picture was repeated: the heron was slowly moving towards the Fram. 9) He bared his teeth and barked, but she did not pay the slightest attention to it. 10) Slowly approaching Fram, inspected the cup, gnawed bones, turned and just as slowly left. 11) I did not hold this bird for long and set it free. 12) She flapped her broad wings and soon disappeared.
13) I then realized that all living things require care. (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)
(164 words.)
The task
From sentences 2–4, write a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write a phrase (sentence number 13), built on the basis of management.
Write a phrase (sentence number 9), built on the basis of agreement.
Write out the grammatical foundations of sentence number 5.
Write out the grammatical foundations of sentence number 7.
From the proposal number 2 write a separate circumstance.
From the proposal number 10 write a separate circumstance.
Find complex sentences with clauses, explanatory and clause clauses in the text. Write the numbers of these sentences.
Write out the introductory word from the text.
Write a comparative turn from the text.
What is the way to form words glue and slowly?
Lyubka grass
1) At noon I found myself in a rare pine forest, where there was silence, condensed by twilight.
2) I climbed the pass. 3) Soon branched ferns appeared, at the sight of which, as always, something will move in the heart. 4) It is not that it dies, but anxiously awaits some miracles. 5) So in childhood it was compressed when the narrator told a terrible tale.
6) The sun crumbled towards me in a yellow sheaf. 7) I opened my eyes: in front were the crowns of pine trees growing in the crevices. 8) The ridge ridge was scratched. 9) Above and below everything was buzzing with bee and wasp wings. 10) Wild peonies burned away with forgotten bonfires. 11) Amidst the forest sunshine, she flashed the mica petals of Lyubka, almost unnoticed by the children.
12) I would collect this grass in all forests and marshes, insist on its roots and give people water so that they would be filled with respect for each other and would understand that to love is a human purpose, a divine command. (According to V. Astafyev.)
(132 words.)
The task
Write out from sentence 5 all words with long, solid sounds.
Write out from sentence 6 all the words with a discrepancy in the number of sounds and letters.
Name the way word formation of words stuff and overflowed. Write down the word from which they are derived. Name the way of word formation of these words.
What part of speech are words on top, down, towards? What part of speech in another context can they be?
Specify the complication of sentences № 1 and № 11.
From sentences 4–5, write down the words with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
From sentences 7-10, write out the word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write a phrase (sentence number 4), built on the basis of contiguity.
Write a phrase (sentence number 3), built on the basis of agreement.
Find in the text complex with subordinate time. Write the number of this offer.
Find in the text complex subordinate clauses. Write the numbers of these sentences.
Birth day
1) The best thing in the world is to watch how a day is born! 2) Here the first ray of the sun flashed. 3) The night shadow is quietly hidden in the gorges of the mountains, and their tops are smiling with a tender smile.
4) The waves of the sea raise white heads high and bow to the rising sun. 5) “Good afternoon!” - says the sun, rising above the sea.
6) Flowers agitated playfully swaying with dew. 7) They are drawn to the sun, and its rays burn in drops of dew, shower petals and leaves with brilliance of diamonds.
8) Golden bees whirl over them, greedily drink sweet honey, and their thick song flows in the air.
9) Red-breasted robins woke up, first meeting the sun. 10) In the bushes, sneaks are jumping, swallows chasing the midges.
11) People awaken and go to the fields to their work. 12) The sun looks at them and smiles. 13) It knows best how much good people on earth have done. 14) It once saw it as a desert, and now the earth is covered by the great work of the people. (According to M. Gorky.)
The task
How many solid sounds are there in the word sun in sentence 7? Write these sounds.
How many soft sounds in a word are burdened in sentence 7? Write these sounds.
Name the word formation method quietly in sentence No. 3. Write down the word from which it is formed.
Name the way of word formation sometime in the sentence number 14. Write down the word from which it is formed.
What part of speech is the word better in sentence 13? What part of speech in another context can it be?
What part of speech are the word playful in sentence number 6? What part of speech in another context can it be?
Specify the complication of sentences No. 7 and No. 8.
From sentences 6-8, write out the word with an alternating unstressed vowel in the root.
From sentences 1–4, write down the words with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.
Write a phrase (sentence number 1), built on the basis of management.
Write a phrase (sentence number 14), built on the basis of agreement.
Find in sentences 1−5 complex with subordinate explanatory. Write the number of this offer.
Find in sentences 9−14 complex with subordinate explanatory. Write the number of this offer.
Communal apartments are a Soviet invention, but people often had to share their houses with their neighbors before them. Arzamas found descriptions of slums, lodgings and other communal housing in the writings of Russian and French writers of the XIX century
The 1830s; apartment building in Paris
Visiting the poor. Illustration of Le Magasin pittoresque. 1844"In this part of Paris This refers to the poor districts of Paris around the streets of Saint-Merry and Breeze-Mish., one of the most populated, in disgusting, cold, unhealthy houses, there were a lot of working people in terrible cramps. The dwelling we are talking about was one of them. The lower floor was occupied by the dyer, and the foul smells of his workshop were further enhanced by the heavy smell of this dilapidated house.
In the upper floors there are several working families and several artels. One of the apartments on the fifth floor was occupied by Françoise Baudouin, Dagobert's wife.
Usually in such a room, the whole family, forced to sleep together, considered it a great happiness, if you could put the girls on a separate bed from the boys. It was considered a great success if the blanket and sheets were not handed over to the pawnshop.
As for many other working women ... then if they have no home or family, they can afford a piece of bread a day and something else; for one or two sous in the night they share a bed with some goods in wretched furnished rooms, where there are usually five or six such beds in one room, and some are occupied by men, because there are more of them than women. And, despite the terrible disgust, which the unhappy modest girl feels from living together, she has to obey, as the owner of the rooms can not put men and women apart. ”
Eugene Sue. Agasfer (1844-1845)
The second half of the 1830s - the first half
The 1840s; private house in St. Petersburg
"Going to the window of a dilapidated house The house is probably located on the Moscow side, where Nekrasov lived in the early 1840s.whose windows (number three) seemed ingrown into the ground, and the roof could be reached with a hand, the old woman knocked on the outer window and, turning to Polinka, said:
- Here we are at home!
Polinka entered the room, low and gloomy; the roof canopy did not allow much light into the small windows that were inside the room closer to the ceiling than to the floor. It was poor in a room lit with a lamp ...
Polinka ... soon fell asleep. The baby crying woke her ... The old woman was sitting in the middle of a room on the floor, surrounded by rags; on her ugly nose stuck up glasses in a copper frame, entangled with thread; she flogged a little old coat with a small knife.
“Nothing, sleep,” she said, noticing that Polinka had risen, “these are the residents of the town crying.”
There was a childish cough.
- Look, you have chilled him. That's why they dragged to the cottage! And that’s true, ”added the old woman, grinning,“ with whom was he to be left? .. Well, would you like some coffee? ”
- No, thank you!
Behind the wall there were beats on the tambourine, and a squeaky childish voice sucked the German song into its nose.
- What's this?! - Polinka asked.
The old woman grinned and began to quietly, in a hoarse voice, pull up.
“And the organ-grinder's daughter is learning,” she said.
The girl screamed at the top of her mouth, the child cried, the man coughed, the female voice scolded in German.
- So that's fun: who cries, who sings ... What you want, ask for it! - remarked the old woman.
Nikolay Nekrasov. "Three sides of the world" (1848-1849)
The 1840s; apartment building in St. Petersburg
Illustration by Benjamin Basov for Dostoevsky's story Poor People. 1971 RIA News" “Well, in what I slum The apartment building where Makar Devushkin moved is located not far from Fontanka. hit, Varvara Alekseevna! Well, really flat!<...> Imagine, roughly, a long corridor, completely dark and unclean. On his right hand there will be a blank wall, and on the left all doors and doors, like numbers, all stretch in a row. Well, here they hire these numbers, and they have one room in each; live in one and two, and three. Order do not ask - Noah's Ark! However, it seems that people are good, all such educated, scientists. There is only one official (he is somewhere in the literary part), a well-read man: he speaks about Homer, Brambeus, and the writers they have different there, he says everything, a clever man! Two officers live and all play cards. Michman lives; Englishman-teacher lives.<...> Our hostess is a very small and unclean old woman — she walks in shoes all day long and in a dressing-gown and shouts all day long at Teresa. I live in the kitchen, or it would be much more correct to say this: there is one room next to the kitchen (and here, you need to notice, the kitchen is clean, bright, very good), the room is small, the corner is so modest ... that is, or even better to say, the kitchen is large with three windows, so I have a partition along the transverse wall, so that, as it were, the room leaves, supernumerary; everything is spacious, comfortable, and there is a window, and everything, in one word, everything is convenient.
I have already described the layout of the rooms; it is nothing to say, it is convenient, it is true, but somehow it is stuffy in them, that is, not that it smells bad, but, if you can put it, a bit rotten, some sweetened smell of some kind. For the first time the impression is unprofitable, but it's all nothing; it takes only two minutes to stay with us, and so will pass, and you will not feel how everything will pass, because you will smell something bad, and the dress will smell, and your hands will smell, and everything will smell, - well, you will get used to it. We chizhiki and dying. Michman already buys the fifth - do not live in our air, and only. Our kitchen is large, extensive, bright. True, in the mornings, the children are little, when the fish or beef is fried, and they pour and soak it everywhere, but in the evening it is paradise. In the kitchen we always hang old clothes on the clothesline; and since my room is not far away, that is, it is almost adjacent to the kitchen, the smell of linen disturbs me a little; but nothing: you live and get used to it.
From the very early morning, Varenka, our scuffling begins, gets up, walks, knocks — this is what everyone who needs, who is in the service, or so, by itself rises; everyone starts to drink tea. We have home-made samovars, for the most part, few of them, well, so we keep our turn; and who does not get in line with his kettle, so now that wash his head. So I was hit for the first time, yes ... well, what to write! It was then that I met everyone.
That way all night to fall asleep and calm down - this never happens. They always sit somewhere and play, and sometimes this is done, which is shameful to tell. Now I’m still pretty, but I wonder how family people get along in such a sodom. A whole family of poor people rents a room at our hostess, just not next to other rooms, but on the other side, in the corner, separately. ”
Fedor Dostoevsky. "Poor people" (1846)
The middle of the XIX century (between 1848 and 1868); apartment building in Paris
House occupied by workers in the Goutte d’Or quarter. Illustration for the novel “The Trap” by Emil Zola. 1878 Bibliothèque nationale de france “Awful house! As I see thousands of its windows, green sticky stair railing, gaping gutters along which slop flowed, numbered doors, long white corridors that smelled of fresh paint ... I am completely new - and this is already dirty! It had one hundred and eight rooms; in each family - and what kind of families they were! ..
From morning to evening, noise, screams, scenes, fights; at night, the crying of children, the slapping of bare feet on the floor, the dull, monotonous rocking of the cradles, and from time to time, for a change, is a police invasion. ”
Alphonse Daudet. “The Kid” (1868)
The 1860s; apartment building in St. Petersburg
The house where, according to one of the versions, Marmeladovs lived pastvu.com “The little smoky door at the end of the stairs, at the very top, was opened. Ogokok illuminated the poorest room ten steps long; all of it was visible from the passage. Everything was scattered and in disarray, especially the various children's rags. Through the back corner was stretched a sheet full of holes. There was probably a bed behind her. In the very same room there were only two chairs and a very torn-up oilcloth sofa, in front of which stood an old pine kitchen table, unpainted and not covered with anything. On the edge of the table was a burning greasy candle in an iron candlestick. It turned out that Marmeladov was placed in a special room, and not in a corner, but his room was a passage. The door to further rooms, or cells, into which Amalia Lippewehsel's apartment was divided, was ajar. It was noisy and loudly. Laughed. It seems to be playing cards and drinking tea. Sometimes the most unceremonious words flew out.
Raskolnikov immediately recognized Katerina Ivanovna.<...> The room was stuffy, but she did not open the windows; from the stairs it smelled, but the door to the stairs was unlocked; Waves of tobacco smoke swept from the interior through the unbroken door, she coughed, but did not pretend the door. The smallest girl, about six years old, was sleeping on the floor, somehow sitting, crouching and putting her head into the sofa. The boy, a year older than her, was trembling in the corner and crying. He was probably just nailed. The eldest girl, about nine years old, tall and thin as a match, in one thin and torn shirt everywhere and wearing a dilapidated dradadamovskoy burnusike draped over her bare shoulders, probably two years ago, because she did not reach her knees now, stood in a corner near the little brother, clasping his neck with his long, dried as a match hand.<...> The woman, seeing a stranger, stopped absently in front of him, waking up for a moment and sort of thinking: why did he come in? But, it is true, she immediately imagined that he was going to other rooms, since theirs was passing. Realizing this and not paying any more attention to him, she went to the horn door to shut them in, and suddenly screamed when she saw her husband standing on her knees on the very threshold.
- BUT! - she shouted in a frenzy, - returned! Well! Fiendish! .. And where is the money? What's in your pocket, show it! And the dress is not that! where is your dress? where's the money? speak! ..
The young man hastened to leave without saying a word. In addition, the inner door opened wide and several curious people looked out of it. The brazen laughing heads with cigarettes and tubes were drawn in Yarmulke. There were figures in dressing-gowns and completely unbuttoned, in summer costumes inappropriately, others with cards in their hands. They laughed especially amusingly when Marmeladov, dragged by his hair, shouted that it was his pleasure. They even began to enter the room; finally, an ominous screech was heard: it was Amalia Lippewechsel herself who was pushing ahead to make up her own routine and scare the poor woman for the hundredth time with an abusive order to clean the apartment tomorrow. Leaving, Raskolnikov managed to stick his hand in his pocket, as much zagreb had the copper money that he inherited from the exchange in the exchange ruble, and inconspicuously put it on the window. ”
Fedor Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment" (1866)
The 1860s; hotel in paris
The street on which the hotel "Peru" was located. Second half of the nineteenth century parisrues.com “So - the Peru Hotel on Gushe Street, twenty steps from Petit Pont Square ... The very view of this slum did not look like a normal human dwelling. Such shelters are less common in the renewed Paris In the second half of the XIX century, Paris was significantly rebuilt by the prefect of the Seine department, Baron Osman.. But - they meet ... The unfortunate, humiliated poor man is looking for and finding his temporary shelter and a pathetic bed in such an orphanage for his last five sous. As a drowning man clutches at a straw, so these people, driven by life, rush here. They are driven by the instinct of self-preservation. But after a day or two, barely gaining strength, they hurry away from here.
The entire hotel from top to bottom with rags and old paper was crammed into a multitude of tiny boxes that Madame Lupias lushly called rooms. The moving walls of these cells were continuously bursting, bursting, destroyed by the residents themselves, who turned this miserable hotel into a solid den.
Only the lucky ones here had a tolerable room: a small cell with a sloping ceiling and a window under the roof itself, something resembling a snuffbox. It was simply impossible to straighten up to his full height.
All the furniture here was made up of a bed with a mattress full of chips, a simple dirty table and two chairs. For this sort of "snuffbox" wife Lupias took at least twenty-two francs. They attributed such a high price to the presence of a fireplace in the room. The fireplace, however, was nothing but a hole in the wall that carried the last heat from the room. And yet, and yet ... Snuffboxes have never been empty. ”
Emil Gaborio. "Slaves of Paris" (1868)
Last quarter of the XIX century; night shelter on the outskirts of a provincial Russian city
Lodging house Bugrova before opening. Photo of Maxim Dmitriev. Nizhny Novgorod, 1890s Archive of audio-visual documentation of the Nizhny Novgorod region “Inside the doss-house there is a long, gloomy hole, four and six fathoms in size; it was lit — on one side only — by four small windows and a wide door. Its brick, non-plastered walls are black with soot, the ceiling, from the baroque bottom, is also smoked to black; in the middle of it there was an enormous stove, the base of which was a forge, and around the stove and along the walls were wide bunks with heaps of every kind of junk that served the bedsiders. The walls smelled of smoke, the dirt floor smelled of damp, and of rotting rags.
The room of the owner of the doss-house was on the stove, the bunks around the stove were the place of honor, and they were accommodated by those hostages who enjoyed the benevolence and friendship of the owner. ”
Maksim Gorky. "Former People" (1897)
I admit, I was surprised by this question and answered with a bitter smile:
How could a man forget a day, giving to another a treasure, to which he did not dare raise his eye?
She did not stop the bold words on my lips, but only lowered her charming head lower, flashing with a bright blush of modesty.
Do not accuse me of frivolity, Jasper, because I believed him! You know how I grew up happy, spoiled by a child. Nobody restrained the impulses of my fantasy, drawing me into a magical, romantic distance, promising some kind of unknown, unearthly bliss. Around me were only relatives who adored me, or caretakers, who were too obviously interested in my millions. Oh, damn gold! It destroys even those who have no shortage of it. They are probably the most. You do not know how so-called rich brides become mistrustful, if only they are not vain fools, not mercenary dolls. Among all the men around me, I believed only one ...
Alone? - I interrupted involuntarily. - To whom? To whom?
She did not answer my question, but only looked at me with her blue eyes with such an expression that I involuntarily closed my eyes, blinded by a sudden flash of bliss ...
She continued to speak barely audibly, as if to justify herself:
Yes, there was one that I believed, completely and unconditionally! But he did not know ... did not understand. He looked at me like a child, and indeed I was still a child, despite my 22 years. I was carried away by a handsome virtuoso who seemed so selflessly, so sincerely to love me. And how was it not to get carried away with them? You saw him in Livorno, Jasper. The whole city went crazy with him. He saw me alone. It was impossible to suspect him in the calculation. He gave my brother an amount twice as large as my entire fortune. As he spoke of his magical kingdom amid the blue waves of the Pacific! How miraculously he described the paradise life together, away from the vulgar and false light, among the wonders of tropical nature! Oh, Jasper, how could I not get carried away with the eloquence of a person who knew everything, saw everything, experienced everything, a person who spoke as artistically as he played the violin ?! And the whole civilized world admired his game!
She stopped and looked at me with shy, embarrassed eyes, as if expecting a word of sympathy from me.
Alas, I could not refuse her this consolation. I remember too well the fascinating personality of a genius musician, I remembered too well that no woman could resist his love, and I had the courage to frankly express my opinion to her. Her grateful smile was my reward. After a moment of silence, she continued with a noticeable hesitation:
We went first to San Francisco. And the truth must be said, the first weeks of my marriage flew by like a magical dream! I lived in some enchanted world, intoxicated with the sweet fragrance of roses and lilies, intoxicated with his love. Alas, this intoxication did not last long!
The first three weeks of our life on Kenn Island passed happily, in blissful ignorance. But at the end of the month a large merchant ship crashed off the coast. My husband hurried to help the lost, I thought, and rushed with binoculars in my hands to the belvedere, from where I could see the sea, to admire the exploits of my hero. Alas! I saw it! .. But, Jasper, you know everything that I should have seen. Do not force me to tell you the outrageous details of all the horrors I experienced. After returning home, Mr. Kchneri lost his temper when he learned that I was allowed to see what I should not have known. By his order, all the servants who could not keep me at least by force, as he put it, were immediately hanged, despite my tears and prayers for these unfortunates. From that moment on, I understood what kind of person I had given myself. He also understood that I would never agree to be his accomplice. Never reconcile with his predatory life. From that moment my torment began!
She paused, covering her pale face with her hands. I was silent, realizing the horror of our situation. Such a person, obviously, will not spare the people who know his shameful secrets, people whose one word in the first civilized city will be enough to bring him to the gallows.
My God, how could such a richly gifted person get to such crimes? - I whispered. - After all, he must be rich! Why does he need new murders, new robberies?
Ah, Jasper, I have already told you that gold is destroying everyone who only lets this monster take control of its heart. Edmund Reds scary, incredibly rich. Richer than many monarchs. But he is insatiable in his thirst for gold. My relatively small condition also took him. He recently made me sign a spiritual will in his favor. Traces of this “marital explanation” you saw on my shoulders, Jasper! And now I am sure that soon, very soon, this will will be presented to my brother along with the news of my death. Mr. Kkherni will be able to take care of the fact that this news will be fair: Believe me, Jasper, it’s not long for me to live. Having sent Aunt Rachel today, he took the first step towards my murder!
She covered her face with her hands, trembling with horror. And I confess, I, the man, trembled no less than hers, trembled for the life of a dear creature, the salvation of which seemed to me as impossible as our own. It was not easy to get out of the mouth of a bloodthirsty tiger, who made his lair in this underwater dwelling in which I felt trapped. But I did not have time to quite think about the whole horror of our position, as a cannon shot rang out above our heads. We quickly jumped to our feet.
What is it? I whispered, squeezing Miss Ruth's hands.
Ship in the breakers! - she replied to me just as quietly, dying in fearful anticipation.
At that very moment a large bell sounded in the depths of the underwater dwelling. Loud voices came to us from afar. Hurried heavy steps resounded in all directions. It became clear to me that the team of Mr. Kchneri was going on her usual expedition.
CHAPTER NINETEEN
In which Jasper Bagg is in a hurry to take advantage of a happy accident.
Our enemies are awake. The terrible noise that suddenly filled the underground halls soon convinced us of this. The team’s loud words mingled with the sound of the bell and the noise of weapons. The turmoil intensified for two or three minutes, until finally the voice of the commander was heard. I immediately recognized a beautiful, melodious voice, not once heard by me on Miss Bellenden’s yacht, the same voice that answered the priest’s fatal question in the old cathedral in Livorno: “Do you promise to love this woman and be her faithful friend and patron?” - loud and intelligible: "Yes, I promise!"
The coarse laughter of a few dozen thieves greeted the witty joke of the chief, whose voice seemed unnaturally trembling to me, like that of a drunk or feverish man. For two or three minutes the noise, din and shouts continued. Dozens of heavy legs ran along invisible stairs, dozens of coarse voices echoed in all sorts of dialects. Then just as suddenly, there was complete silence, as if everything had died out immediately in a mysterious underwater dwelling.
We are gone, ”I whispered in Miss Ruth's ear. - This is a fluke sent to us by divine mercy!
She did not immediately understand the meaning of my words. At the first sound of her husband's voice, terrible excitement engulfed her. Shivering, as in a fever, she fell helplessly on her knees, whispering her lips whitened:
O Lord, save and help!
I realized that she was praying for those unfortunates whose death was solved by a terrible gathering of demons laughing at twenty paces from us.
Chapter 14. Rooms, corners, cots, parts of beds
SINGLE RESIDENTS
The room is modest, cramped, sweet;
The shadow is impenetrable, the shadow is unrequited ...
A. Golenishche-Kutuzov. Romance "In the Four Walls"
In the last third of the XIX century, more and more lonely officials, which we began to talk about in the previous section, became residents of their family colleagues. The living conditions are the most varied, usually: firewood, water and cleaning with rubbing the floor of the master servant of the tenant's room.
Often the tenant was allowed in the morning and evening to use boiling water from the master samovar, the official then dined in the kitchenette, or brought food in sudok to his room, or by request he was brought it from the kitchenette. It happened that the tenant also became a “freeloader” - for a fee, he got the opportunity to eat with the owners.
All this created the illusion of family life. Namely, in the family the St. Petersburg citizen felt particularly comfortable.
Much worse if the room was not rented in a family apartment. As, for example, the heroes of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment." "This house was all covered in small apartments and was inhabited by all sorts of industrialists - tailors, mechanics, cooks, various Germans, girls living on their own, petty bureaucracy and others."
<...> “Raskolnikov occupied a“ closet from tenants ”... His closet was under the very roof of a high five-story building and looked more like a closet than an apartment. A tiny cell, six steps long, with the most miserable appearance, with its yellowish, dusty and wallpaper everywhere behind the wall, and so low that a little tall person became eerie in it, and it seemed that you were about to hit your head about the ceiling. The furniture corresponded to the room: there were three old chairs, not entirely serviceable, a painted table in the corner, on which lay several notebooks and books; already by the way they were dusty, it was clear that before them no one's hand had touched for a long time; and, finally, a clumsy large sofa, which occupied almost the entire wall and half the width of the entire room, once upholstered in chintz, but now in tatters, and served as a bed for Raskolnikov.
His apartment owner, in whom he hired this closet with lunch and servants, was placed one staircase below, in a separate apartment, and each time he went outside, he would certainly have to pass by the host’s kitchen, almost always flung open to the stairs. .
And here are descriptions of the housing of Sonechka and Svidrigailov from the same novel: “It was a big room, but extremely low, the only one that had surrendered from the Kapernaumovs, the locked door to which was in the wall to the left. On the opposite side, in the wall to the right, there was another door, always locked tight. There was already another, neighboring apartment, under a different number. Sonya’s room looked like a barn, looked like a very irregular quadrangle, and it gave her something ugly. The wall with three windows, facing the ditch, cut the room somehow at random, making one corner, terribly sharp, running somewhere deep, so that even in dim light it was impossible to make out; the other corner was already too ugly dull. There was almost no furniture at all in this large room. In the corner, to the right, was the bed; near her, closer to the door, a chair. On the same wall where the bed was, at the very door to the apartment of another, there was a simple table, covered with a blue tablecloth; near the table are two wicker chairs. Then, against the opposite wall, close to the acute angle, there was a small simple tree chest, as if lost in the void. That is all that was in the room. Yellowish, skinned and worn out wallpaper blackened in all corners; it must have been damp and ferocious here in winter. Poverty was visible; even the bed had no curtains. ”
<...> “Svidrigailov occupied two furnished, rather spacious rooms. Dunechka looked around incredulously, but did not notice anything special either in the decoration or in the arrangement of the rooms, even though one could notice something, for example, that Svidrigailov’s apartment was somehow between two almost uninhabited apartments. The entrance to him was not directly from the corridor, but through two hostess rooms, almost empty. ”
More examples of literary descriptions of housing Petersburgers from other authors. The room of Maria Petrovna, an orphaned schoolgirl. Upon completion of training, she worked as a clerk in the newspaper’s editorial office, as a copyist in the district court. “The lamp was dimly lit up in a small, inhospitable room ... The room was long and narrow, with one window resting on a dark brick wall. The wallpaper with its dirty lead color was melancholy and despondent, it smelled of damp and rot. ” (The story of S. Vasyukov, "Reasons Unknown," in the collection "Among Life. Etudes and Essays," published in 1890.)
Rogov's student in the story “Why ?!” of the same author hired from a “mistress, a neat and honest chukon”, “a dim, gloomy and damp room — a wretched kennel. These wallpapers, leaded with mold, the thin iron stove in the corner - from all this blows something unfriendly, even hostile. ”
“On the Petersburg side, in a remote nook and cranny, in a dilapidated wooden house, hired a room of an old, lumped retired official ... and he endured a great need,” says the story of A.V. Pleshcheeva "Flowers" (from the collection "On the Road and at Home", published in 1899).
“The long, narrow room looked like a spacious fob,” writes S. Vasyukov in the story “Lonely” (collection “Careerists and idealists”, 1899 edition).
A.P. Pletnev in the story "Homelessness" gives a description of the poor student's rental housing at the "corner of Sredny Prospekt and one of the distant lines of Vasilyevsky Island. Climbing up on the dark and narrow staircase by the janitor in the yard, he rang the bell at the low door on the fourth floor. She led him through the kitchen into a dark corridor, dimly lit through the frosted glass of a closed door that led to the student’s room. The room had steps 6 in length and 4 in width. ”
Examples can be given endlessly, but one should stop - the general view of the rarely repaired, gloomy rooms being hired is already in front of his eyes ...
Poor families
If the life of a lonely man in the street who rented a room was sad, what can we say about whole families.
For example, this is how the Marmeladov family lived in FM description. Dostoevsky: “The little smoky door at the end of the stairs, at the very top, was opened. Ogokok illuminated the poorest room ten steps long; all of it was visible from the passage. Everything was scattered and in disarray, especially the various children's rags. Through the back corner was stretched a sheet full of holes. There was probably a bed behind her. In the very same room there were only two chairs and an oilcloth, very torn sofa, in front of which stood an old pine kitchen table, unpainted and not covered with anything. On the edge of the table was a burning greasy candle in an iron candlestick. It turned out that Marmeladov was placed in a special room, not in a corner, but his room was a passage. ”
Living in the entrance room was not much different from the corner living, what our next story is about.
MULTISTAGE SUBAREND
In St. Petersburg there were 12 thousand apartments for corner tenants, which accounted for almost a tenth (9.2%) of all apartments. The unit of rent could be not only an apartment or a room, but also a closet, a corner, shelves, and even a third of the bed. Usually the chain of events looked like this: the landlord rented the entire apartment. The tenant in this apartment rented out individual corners, in turn, the corner tenants could squeeze another bed into their corner and rent it to the idle worker. And the bed dweller alternately shared his bed with one or even two comrades, with whom he worked in different shifts. Such a complicated multi-tier sublease, oddly enough, was allowed by the existing rules, the consent of the landlord to this was not even required. It was called "hire from the tenants."
Rarely met "closet" - small rooms without windows. From the main room, a thin skeletal partition, sometimes not reaching the ceiling by 1–1.5 arshins, fenced off the closet. But even with a partition to the ceiling, the room could not be considered a room due to the lack of a window in it. It was a wooden box (2 x 3 arshins - 1.5x2 meters), devoid of light and inaccessible to any air exchange. Usually the quarters stood out behind the stove. The cost of a corner-room is from 6 to 12 rubles per month. Some factory mechanic, who has the ability to remove a closet, was considered "rich."
"Corner" stood out chintz curtains. Usually, there were 4 families in the room, and on wide family beds, they slept with their parents and children. More appreciated front corners of the windows, costing 5 rubles. The rear corners of the stove cost 3 rubles.
All the authors emphasized the extremely high population density of apartments for corner tenants: “Often, even when the whole room is already filled with beds, excess residents ... sleep on the floor in the kitchen, corridors, narrow aisles, in dark corners. The floor area is the only measure of capacity ”(“ Petersburg and His Life ”, published in 1914).
Dr. A.N. In 1900, Rubel made a report to the second section of the Society for the Preservation of National Health about corner residents. He surveyed more than 200 apartments. I will give excerpts from his report. “The minimum hygiene amount of air is 3/4 cubic meters. fathoms, in reality 0,59-0,68. The beds are very close to each other. In the same room, which serves as a dormitory, the craftsman is often placed: a tailor, shoemaker, shoemaker, capman, furrier, etc .; his workbench, poor belongings, which serve as material for his products, everything fits in the dormitory, and the poor inhabitant of the corner apartment absorbs all that dust and dirt that rises above this cloth with a light touch. ”
The fee for arshin floor in good apartments - 19.3 rubles per year. The owner of the "corner apartment" paid for 22.3 rubles, and the tenant of the corner - 46.8 rubles. Paradoxically, but well-appointed "masterly" apartments brought almost two times less income than overpopulated apartments for corner tenants ...
Anticipating the next section, I should note that the cognitive information given in it from the formerly disappeared everyday life, with their obvious simplicity, may in some detail be gained interest for practical use by readers.
Fifty-plus years ago, the majority of Soviet people sincerely dreamed of communism, built in one particular country. Communism, as the highest goal of human aspirations, dreamed of a panacea for all social problems, including political, moral, material, domestic, etc. Admittedly, in some ways this period of time was indeed extremely successful. Primarily in the construction of cheap housing. It is now, after fifty years, the modern society has come down with ardent criticism of the "Khrushchev" - panel or brick three-five-storey houses massively built in the country during the time of Nikita Khrushchev. Then, after only 15 years after a difficult and destructive war, each such constructed house embodied the dreams of Soviet citizens about a separate dwelling. Unfortunately, I did not find data on the total area of the built-up Khrushchovs in Ukraine. However, this figure would be quite impressive, because only in the RSFSR from 1960 to 1970, about 29 million square meters of living space were put into operation, which amounted to about 10% of the available housing!
In Kherson, the year 1960 was also the year of intensive housing construction. The first panel apartment building (48 apartments) in our city was built on Zheleznodorozhnaya street. Moreover, a serious attitude to the struggle for saving and rational use of building materials, as well as the use of new technologies developed by the builders of Kherson, has reduced the list price of housing being built by 13.5%. Whether such savings have affected the quality of housing is a moot point. The existing system of quality control, although poorly, worked, and the buildings erected in those days are at the very least poor, and their estimated twenty-five year period has already been defended twice. In the fall of 1960, the State Admissions Committee adopted the largest at that time in Kherson, 128 apartment building, built according to a new technology from large Inkerman blocks in Freedom Square. On the ground floor of the building there is a cafe-machine, a pharmacy, an art salon and the long-awaited by all city book lovers the book print shop of the union print.
In the foreground: The largest at the time 128 apartment building in Kherson is under construction. The picture was taken in the summer of 1960 by M. Tikhonov from a helicopter piloted by pilot K. Kolesnikov.
Six months earlier, right here on the square, the first wide-screen cinema “Ukraine” was opened in the city, which was built on the site of the city diesel power station blown up by the Nazis. Two halls of the cinema with a total capacity of 850 seats were a great gift to citizens, while not tempted by television. The first film to be shown in the new widescreen kinotetra was a patriotic film about the Civil War “Kochubey”.
In addition to the “Ukraine”, the summer widescreen cinema “Iskra”, the largest in the city, began to operate in Kherson in the summer of the same year. The only hall of the Iskra was designed for 800 visitors. At the same time, in the 60th, in the converted building of the old synagogue on Suvorov Street, a city planetarium was opened with a lecture hall for 200 seats. It was discovered more as the main means to combat religion. Perhaps, the main role was played by the statement of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev that by the 1980s, religion would be finished in the USSR once and for all. By the 60th year, a complex of buildings of the Medgorodok combine appeared on a wasteland in the area of the Cotton Plant under construction. And on Perekopskaya street, the first stone was solemnly laid in the foundation of the future Textile Workshop of Culture. Even to our Hydropark beach, which is especially respected on hot summer days, is due to us in the distant 1960's! Not spared the innovations of the sixtieth and urban public transport. The first trolleybus line along the railway station – Ushakov Avenue — st. Perekopskaya, with a final stop in the area of Khorovodnaya Street (now the street named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Nicholas Sabbath) Six brand new trolleybuses were a great help to the 82nd buses plying on urban routes.
On the very first day, the trolleybuses transported 11 thousand 932 people and soon became the truly favorite people's vehicle! (It's a shame that now the Kherson electric transport enterprise is in a deep crisis and is likely to cease to exist in a short time.)
In just 5 years, the number of taxi cars in the city has increased significantly. If in 1955 there were only 20 of them, then in the 60th there were 145. In addition, the car rental base was established in the city, which consisted of a dozen passenger cars. There are trends and an increase in the number of personal vehicles of citizens. So in 1960, 421 residents of the city had a personal possession of a Moskvich, Pobeda or ZIS car. Another 478 were owners of cycle motorcycles (mopeds) and motorcycles. Of course, compared with the figures of 81.3 thousand units of personal transport in Kherson in 2010, this is not much at all. By the end of the 60th year, the first relatively inexpensive “Zaporozhtsy” had already appeared on the streets of the city, which every year became more and more .
By the early sixties, the moral and spiritual priorities of Soviet citizens began to change radically. Some of them appealed to the city government through the local newspaper "Naddnіpryanska Pravda" with constructive suggestions. For example, one of them was the initiative of F. Marchenko, an employee of oblremstroytrest, who proposed using fruit trees for landscaping the streets of the city. “Then our beautiful city would become a garden city. Let our parks and squares be gardens too. I promise to plant 5 fruit trees this year with my family and grow them. I urge all residents of the city to follow my example. For each of us it is not hard, but the effect will be huge. In a few years, gardens will bloom on all the streets of Kherson. ” It is not known for certain whether this appeal found a response among the inhabitants of the city, but to our time, in a short stretch of Pugachev Lane between Hannibal Square and Ushakov Avenue, cherries planted in the early sixties survived. And further. Speaking of the Soviet people's desire for communism, one cannot overlook such an unusual experiment that is being introduced in many enterprises of the country, such as the issuance of wages based on universal trust. For the first time in Kherson, it was tested in the construction department number 6 of Khersonstroi. In turnout on the construction site, where on the table lay the salary of the brigade and the cash register, in turn included workers. Everyone on the list counted the amount due to him, signed and gave way to his friend. The experiment was successful.
Soon, some other enterprises of the city of Kherson switched to a similar method of salary payment.
Crossroads pr.Ushakova and Suvorov street. Earlier here on the first floor was the famous Tavrichanka pastry shop.
The successes achieved in the life of the country in the distant sixties allowed Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev to solemnly proclaim in October 1961: “The current generation of Soviet people will live under communism by the early 80s of the twentieth century”! Truly, “don’t look like –Gop! ..”
