Spring feeding of fruit trees is considered one of the most significant agronomic techniques. Without carrying out top dressing it is very difficult to achieve a good harvest of fruits and decorative appearance of plants. An event held in time will allow the soil to be saturated with useful microelements, which in future will lead to good flowering and fruiting.
Fruit trees can live for decades, "consuming" beneficial trace elements that are contained in the soil, especially in the autumn season when harvesting. But it is not necessary to feed them thoughtlessly, because throughout the growing season the plants need a different amount of fertilizer. For example, in the spring they need first of all potassium, a little less - phosphorus and nitrogen. During flowering and after the end of this process, when the intensive growth of new shoots takes place, trees need, first of all, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Fertilizer for spring planting trees
When making feedings should also take into account the characteristics of wood species. For example, conifers require less nitrogen than pears with apple trees, because in the spring they do not need to grow fallen leaves.
But in fruit trees, over time and at high yields, the removal of nutrients increases. The amount of nitrogen that is contained in the soil depends on the percentage of humus that is in it. In the sandy soil of nitrogen and phosphorus is less than in loams or clay. All these features of the soil and trees must be taken into account when preparing to feed your orchard.
Begin in March, making the first fertilizer in the melting snow. This method is very convenient: the snow, starting to melt, will pull useful substances into the ground. Take highly soluble mineral fertilizers as a mixture and sprinkle about 40 g around tree trunks of each tree. Literally two handfuls of the mixture will be enough for young seedlings, for adults - from 2 to 5. Spread the mixture as evenly as possible over the tree near a diameter of at least 1.5 meters.
For old trees, fertilizer needs to be applied not only along the edge of the stem, but also along the perimeter of the crown, where there are many suction roots. However, if your site has a large slope, this method is not recommended for use - fertilizers will quickly wash away with melted snow.
Root top dressing tree
After the snow melts, do not forget to add potassium and phosphorus to the soil, using sulphate, ash or potassium. Some use complex mixtures labeled “spring”, but this is not recommended. Usually in such compounds there is a lot of nitrogen, which is why when using such fertilizers there is a risk of excess nitrogen in the soil. And this, in turn, will lead to the appearance of fungus and reduce the resilience of trees.
Gardeners usually use one of the following options:
- Comprehensive spring fertilizers in March and April.
- Nitrogen supplements in March, and in April - phosphate and potash.
In May, it is advisable to bring rotted manure or compost into the soil. You do not have such an "organic", suitable complex mineral fertilizers. The dose of fertilizing will depend on the soil. So, sod-podzolic soil requires a maximum dose of additives, forest soil - an average dose, and black soil - the minimum. By the way, fertilizer can be applied not only to the soil. There is another option - mix supplements with mulch, straw, rotten leaves and compost.
If the root dressing helps the tree to come to life after the winter, to become stronger and increase the yield, the foliar will help to fight various diseases. Work should also be done in early spring, as soon as the crust of snow melts. For foliar application, use a mixture of copper sulphate and. In the store you can buy a special mixture of these ingredients, which is designed for a bucket of water. Just mix all the ingredients, according to the instructions, and you can proceed to processing.
Undoubtedly, you can use other means for spraying, for example, Bordeaux liquid, but the use of vitriol and urea has one important advantage - such means not only help to fight diseases, but also serve as an excellent "nutrition." When processing urea, having penetrated through the bark, it will begin to feed the tree with useful trace elements. Using this mixture, be careful because it is toxic.
Spraying bordeaux liquid
That is why you should follow some rules:
- be sure to use gloves and a respirator, wear glasses if possible;
- process trees only on calm and windless days.
This mixture can also be used for treating gooseberries or black currants.
Feeding trees in spring also depends on the age of the plants. The main task of young saplings is to take root in a new place and start developing as soon as possible. Fruiting during this period is not the main goal. According to experienced gardeners, after planting it is best to use fertilizer AgroPrirost, which will give the young seedling all the microelements necessary for its rooting and growth (nitrogen, potassium, zinc, magnesium). This is especially important if your site is not characterized by black soil, but clay or sandy soil, where there is a lack of all nutrients.
"AgroPrirost" for seedlings
The first dressing is carried out by making a dry additive in the prepared wells according to the instructions. The next addition is usually in the fall. Since the fifth year of life, fruit trees need to be transferred to “adult” top dressing, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers. On one square meter of area you need to make approximately:
- 15-20 g of nitrogen;
- 10 g of phosphorus;
- 20 grams of potassium.
These substances need to make in early spring under the snow. A little later, when the earth warms up, you can make "organic". Every two years, about 6 liters of manure per square meter of free circle are brought under each tree. In the spring, after the onset of the ovary, you can use chopped bird droppings. And in order to feed fruit trees as successfully as possible, carefully read our following tips.
- To make the root system more quickly absorb the added additives, try to use liquid fertilizers;
- top dressing of seedlings can be carried out only after rooting in a new place;
- it is desirable to carry out work either in the evening or early in the morning (or it’s better to wait for cloudy weather);
- dry fertilizers are applied either before watering the tree, or immediately after it (an exception to the rule is fertilizer application for melting snow, which is carried out in early spring);
- when applying liquid fertilizer, it is also advisable to water the soil a little, which will reduce the risk of root burns.
Trees continuously consume nutrients from the soil, therefore, over time, the soil beneath them is depleted. Because of this, the yield of the garden is reduced, and young plants develop worse. Even if the soil was fertilized in the fall, it does not mean that it should not be fed in the spring. After all, with the melting snow leaves a lot of useful elements, including nitrogen. It was in the spring, during the resumption of active growth of plants, the soil especially needs to make additional feedings.
Spring feeding of fruit trees is the most important condition for their rich fruiting. Therefore, gardeners, with the onset of heat, should take maximum care of fertilizing their garden, otherwise the prospect of a good harvest for them will be very vague.
In spring, fruit trees should be fed with mineral and organic means.
Organic fertilizer
The advantage of organic fertilizers in the availability and environmental friendliness. With regular use of organic fertilizers, the soil becomes looser and better absorbs water.
Compost - rotted plant debris. Its introduction promotes better digestibility of minerals. Poorly rotted compost is undesirable to use, weed seeds can remain in it.
Manure apply fresh mullein or horse manure. It should be used carefully due to the high content of ammonia, which can harm the rhizome of the plant. To prepare a liquid composition, 10 liters of liquid will be needed for 1 kg of manure. When making manure during digging, it will need 10 kg per 1 sq.m.
Bird droppings contains large quantities of nitrogen, which stimulates the rapid and balanced growth of plants. Apply it should be carefully, strictly observing the proportion to prevent burns rhizomes.
In the form of liquid fertilizer for apple trees in spring, litter is used in the following proportion: 100 g of litter / 15 l of liquid. Moreover, the solution insist 5-10 days. In digging use dry droppings.
Wood ash It is valuable with a high content of various chemical elements and is an excellent substitute for potash fertilizers. Used to protect the soil from insects, rot and fungal diseases.
Bone flour It has a high content of nitrogen and calcium, and is used to deoxidize the soil. Currently, bone meal can be purchased in specialized stores.
Mineral fertilizers
Among gardeners, it is widely believed that such fertilizers can harm both human health and the plant. But with the rational use of mineral fertilizers and strict adherence to dosages, this risk is reduced to zero, and the benefits are enormous. The most desirable is the use of mineral fertilizers for poor in micronutrients and depleted soils.
Nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, carbamide, ammonium nitrate). Promote rapid growth and positively affect the quality and volume of the crop. Sandy soils are more in need of such top dressing.
Phosphoric fertilizers (superphosphate, phosphate rock). They contribute to the strengthening and growth of the root system. They are introduced into the soil and buried closer to the roots. Such fertilizers are not washed out of the soil, they are kept there for a long time.
Potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate). Increase cold resistance and drought tolerance of plants, help fruit crops to produce sugar. Potassium has a positive effect on the formation and growth of lateral shoots. In spring, it is especially necessary for young trees. But it is not recommended to apply in its pure form. It is better when it is part of mixtures, for example, potassium salt or potassium magnesium. A lot of potassium contains wood ash. In peaty or sandy soils, potassium accumulates worse than in black soil.
Microfertilizers contain the microelements most necessary for plants: boron, zinc, iron, manganese, sulfur, copper, manganese).
It is best to feed the fruit trees in the third year of cultivation. At this point, the crown is growing enough, shading the tree trunk circle, and the siderats do not cope with the task. Fruit trees fertilize several times a season. It well raises productivity, replenishes the supply of nutrients in the soil.
The first feeding of fruit trees
Experts advise for the first time to feed fruit trees at the very beginning of spring. You should not wait until all the snow has melted, but the earth should thaw a little.
For fertilizing during this period, use nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea).
Spread them around each trunk in the snow, which during thawing will deliver nitrogen and other important chemical elements to the root system of fruit trees with shrubs. Moreover, it is necessary to make fertilizer at a distance of about 50-60 cm from the trunk with the obligatory loosening of the soil.
During such feeding, it is important not to overdo it, since an excess of nitrogen will damage the culture. Having received an extra portion of this element, the tree will become so active in developing its crown and root system that it will leave very little energy for setting and good development of the fruits. How to calculate the amount of feeding? It is very simple - use about 40 g per one young tree, about 100 g per adult.
If you are an organic supporter, wait until the earth is completely thawed. Prepare a nutrient solution by adding 300 grams of urea, 1.5 liters of litter, or 4 liters of manure to a bucket of water. For reference: spend 3-4 liters of feeding on one tree.
The second feeding of fruit trees
In the period of flowering and leaf formation, fruit trees especially need potassium and phosphorus. Potassium is necessary for the formation of new shoots, increase in the level of sugar in the fruits, as well as for the resistance of crops to diseases and adverse external factors. Phosphorus helps to strengthen the root system of trees.
Experienced gardeners say that it is better not to purchase mineral fertilizers containing both substances at once, but rather to bring them into the soil separately. First, phosphoric, having the name "superphosphate" - 60 g per adult tree. A little later, potash (potash salt, potassium magnesia, potassium sulfate, ash) - 20 g per tree.
Among the Ural gardeners, a special mixture is popular, which is prepared in a large barrel. The proposed volume of fertilizer is designed for 3 trees:
. 400 g of potassium sulfate
. 0.5 kg of superphosphate
. 2.5 liters of bird droppings (250 g of urea or 2 bottles of Effectone can be replaced)
. 100 liters of water
All ingredients must be diluted in water and let stand for a week. Then fertilize the trees with the present mixture in the root zone (50-60 cm from the trunk). On one fructifying apple tree leaves about 5 feeding buckets.
The third and fourth dressing
It is very important to feed fruit trees in the spring after flowering for the full development of the fruit. During this period, organics are best suited. Of organic fertilizers, gardeners especially liked compost. They watered the root zone of flowering garden plants, previously diluted with water.
In the period of development of the fruit, it is advisable to feed the garden crops once again with organic matter (mullein, compost, biohumus). If this is not possible, then get a special mineral mixture, with a slight predominance in the composition of nitrogen. Fertilizer or ground up in the ground, or mixed with mulch.
Foliar nutrition of fruit trees
In spring, the garden can be fertilized not only by enriching the soil, but also by foliar application. From the mixture for feeding prepare a weak solution and spray them with a green crown.
The leaves are well absorbed substances, the tree quickly gets the necessary elements. This method is considered emergency help plants. It is often used to stimulate the growth of shoots or if the root system or stem is damaged and can not fully use the power from the soil.
For foliar feeding can be used as organic and mineral mixtures. Spraying trees with microfertilizers gives a good effect. For example, boron contributes to more abundant flowering, zinc serves as a disease prevention, manganese increases the sugar content of fruits and increases yield.
In order to have enough calcium in the fruit, in early spring fruit trees should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture (4%), at the same time it will serve as a defense against diseases and insect attacks.
When foliar fertilizers use very low concentrations of solutions, so as not to cause burns of leaves and wood.
For spraying the crown of pears or apples, you can use a solution of manganese sulphate or zinc sulphate at a rate of 0.2 g per liter of water. If two microelements are used at once, their dosage is halved.
Stone fruits (cherry, plum, apricot, cherry plum) will grow better and bear fruit if they are treated with urea in the spring, diluted at the rate of 50 g per 10 l of water. Spraying is repeated a couple of times at weekly intervals.
The result will be better if you use this method alternating with the classical root dressing. It is the soil that is able to preserve substances necessary for fruit crops longer.
It is not necessary to make dressing for young one-year-old seedlings. Begin to fertilize them better from the second year after planting.
Fertilizing of young fruit trees in the spring is carried out both with organic and mineral preparations.
Organic fertilizers (urea, manure) are diluted with water in proportion: for 10 liters of water 300 g of urea or 4 liters of liquid manure. One young tree should get about 5 liters of liquid feeding. A tree that grows less than 5 years old is enough to bring about 20 kg of humus to the root zone.
Any liquid fertilizer is applied to the wet soil, otherwise it may burn the roots of the plant.
In the first few years, the effect of fertilizing trees under the trees is hardly noticeable. It manifests itself stronger with the approach of fruiting.
Adult fruit-bearing apples for full growth and fruiting must be fertilized in the spring at least three times.
Features feeding the apple
In spring, the fruiting apple tree needs organic and mineral supplements.
Apple trees from 5 to 9 years old - you need to make about 30 kg of humus, an apple tree over 9 years old needs at least 50 kg of fertilizer.
Dung water is diluted 1: 5. A tree that has not reached 8 years old has 30 liters of such top dressing, over 8 years old - about 50 liters.
Mineral fertilizers have a positive effect on the apple tree: ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate, magnesium sulphate. Their rate is calculated according to the instructions in accordance with the age of the tree.
Read more about feeding apple trees in this article.
Features feeding pears
Spring feeding of pears is similar to apple feeding, but it has some differences.
Humus is needed pear in large quantities. It is mixed with soil in the spring during digging. A three-year-old tree needs about 20 kg of humus, and every year its amount increases by 10 kg. After 11 years, trees are fed every 2 years, adding 100 kg of fertilizer.
In the spring, the fruiting pear is sprayed with a weak urea solution. The first time at the end of the flowering period, the second time repeated after 10-15 days.
The pear reacts well to spring dressing with mineral solutions: superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride.
Features apricot feeding
For the whole spring apricot is fed several times. First, nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Then after flowering organic. Urea, nitrate, slurry, and chicken droppings are often used for this purpose.
Features feeding plum and cherry plum
Humus under plum and cherry plum is brought in by 10 kg, if the tree is under 6 years old and 20 kg each, if the tree is older than 6 years.
Plum prefers alkaline soil, so often lime powder or wood ash is added to the fertilizer.
Features feeding cherries and cherries
Under the trees up to 4-5 years old humus is added every spring. Scatter it around the trunk, with a radius of about 0.5 m, a layer of about 4 cm. For trees older than 5 years it is enough to feed one with humus for 3 years.
Urea, ammonium nitrate should be fed trees in early spring and at the end of May.
In the feeding of garden plants in the spring there are some features that every gardener must know:
. The carrier of chemicals from the top dressing to the roots of a tree or shrub is water, so after applying dry fertilizer, careful watering is needed.
. Liquid dressing should not be applied to dry soil so that there are no burns on the roots.
. Garden crops do not need to be fertilized during the first year after planting.
. Fertilizer is better to produce in the evening.
. In the implementation of feeding it is important to consider that the root system of an adult tree extends beyond its crown by about 50 cm.
Important! Too much nutrient is as dangerous as lack of nutrients. Therefore, in all respects to observe the measure, and your fruit trees will thank for the care of a generous harvest.
When feeding trees, it is necessary to take into account two important aspects: soil growing conditions and their age. In the first 3-4 years in top dressing is not necessary, if a sufficient amount of substrate has been introduced during planting a tree. Too zealous with dressing is undesirable, as a glut of nutrients entails a decrease in fertility.
Based on the type of soil, it is determined which fertilizer for fruit trees, and in what quantity will be most effective. For example, chernozem contains a sufficient amount of nitrogen, therefore, treatment with nitrogen fertilizers is not recommended. But with sandy and clay soils, the situation is reversed.
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With proper and timely fertilization, fruit crops indulge us with their crops for a long time. How is it possible to fertilize plants properly with the least effort and time?
At each cottage there is a plot allotted for the garden, in which apples, pears, cherries, cherries, apricots, and peaches are necessarily grown. For normal development and timely entry into fruiting, fruit trees need nutrients that enter the root system from the soil.
The types and doses of fertilizers applied under trees depend on many factors, including:
- the type and natural fertility of the soil, its physical condition;
- the age of the fruit crop;
- climatic conditions.
Proper use of organic and mineral fertilizers will not only provide fruit crops with the necessary nutrients, but also significantly improve the physical condition of the soil:
- soil moisture capacity will be improved;
- its breathability will increase;
- the soil will become more loose.
Organic fertilizers can be applied on fertile soils in 1-2 years, but in no case should you switch to fertilizing with mineral fertilizers only. Most of them increase the acidity of the soil. At the same time, the composition of soil microflora worsens, which negatively affects the development and formation of fruiting.
How to feed a young garden
Before the first fruiting, the garden is considered young and its fertilizer does not require a significant investment of time. When laying a garden usually, rotted manure, humus, or ripened compost are added to the soil; the next year, seedlings are not fertilized. On depleted soils, pome fruits and stone fruits begin to feed from the first year of landing on a permanent place.
In March 1–1.5 buckets of organic matter (humus, compost, peat) are poured in tree trunks of 2–3 year old trees (at 1–2 years of growth). Organic fertilizer is scattered around a circle with a diameter of 1-2 m and dug up to a depth of 12-15 cm or the floor of a spade bayonet.
At the beginning of June when the intensive growth of shoots begins, the young seedlings are fed with mineral fertilizers. During this period, it is important for them to have all the main nutrients in the soil; therefore, it is better to add a nitroammofoska, nitrophoska or a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers to the tree circle.
In order for fertilizers to reach the root system of fruit crops faster and more evenly, a groove of 5–10 cm in depth can be made along the perimeter of the trunk circle and full fertilizer at the rate of 20–40 g / running meter will be spilled on its bottom. Then the groove is covered with earth and watered along with the soil in the near-bar circle.
In the autumn (before the leaves fall) seedlings are fed again. Only phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are introduced into the groove, which will positively affect the ripening of the shoots, which will help to survive the harsh winter weather. The rate of phosphate fertilizers is 10-20, and potash fertilizers - 15-30 g / running meter.
From 3-4 years of age at the same time with organic fertilizers for autumn digging, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied, the dose of which is respectively 90-100 and 30-50 g under the tree. In the spring, without going beyond the diameter of the crown, around the edge of the wall enclose the trunk circle and scatter 100-150 g of ammonium nitrate. The fertilizer is mixed with a rake with the top layer of soil and filled with water.
Feed fruit trees
As the seedlings grow, the crown of trees increases annually by about 0.5-0.6 m, and the root system grows. Starting from 3-4 years old and up to 10-12 years old, the amount of organic fertilizers for one tree is increased by 1 bucket annually. There is a need for additional application of mineral fertilizers.
From 4-5 years of age, fruit trees begin to yield. From now on, you need to be very attentive to fertilizing. If a young tree that has begun to bear fruit has an annual growth of young shoots of less than 20 cm, then it is on a “starvation ration” and it is necessary to provide it with nutrients for laying a good harvest.
The root system of fruit crops by this time has already grown in the soil at a sufficient depth. Therefore, on fertile soils it is now sufficient to apply organic matter (manure, humus, compost, bird droppings, etc.) 1 time in 2-3 years, as usual, in the fall under digging. Poor soils still need an annual application of organic matter at the rate of 0.5 buckets of organic fertilizer per year of tree life. That is, under the 6- or 8-year-old tree, in the fall, 3 and 4 buckets of organic matter are added to the near-trunk circle, when digging. Add phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Observing all the rules of fertilizer, you can easily grow a large garden of fruit trees and get a rich harvest from them.
»Trees
Many novice gardeners mistakenly believe that plants need feeding at the initial stage of the growing season and are limited to fertilizing in the spring. However, the end of the season is always accompanied by work on preparing the culture for wintering. And one of the important events is the introduction of a nutrient mixture to strengthen the root system and overall immunity. How and how to feed garden fruit trees in the fall in the garden we will discuss further.
Nutrient enrichment in the fall with nutrients allows the plants to obtain the necessary trace elements, which strengthen the protective functions, even before the onset of cold weather. A sturdy tree winters without much loss and actively enters the growing season, intensively throwing out new shoots and buds. Lack of stress contributes to abundant flowering and a long period of fruiting. Good immunity provides resistance to attacks of insects and pathogens.
- For or more liquid feedconsisting of 2 tbsp. l potassium sulfate, 3 tbsp. l superphosphate and buckets of water. On one plant 4 buckets of solution are spent.
- Quince is better to fertilize dry, spreading the stem circle 30 grams. superphosphate and 20 gr. potassium salt (per 1 m2).
- To fertilize the land on which the peaches grow, you need 110-150 grams. superphosphate and 45-65 gr. potassium salt. Minerals are embedded in the soil along the stem circle.
Dates for autumn dressing
It is possible to carry out work on the preparation of landings for winter throughout September and part of October, right up to the first frost. But to delay the procedure in terms, too, is not worth it, the plant will take time to assimilate the nutrients received during processing. If you enrich the land before establishing stable cold weather, the tree will not have time to gain strength, which means that dressing will be ineffective.
Before making the nutrient mixture, it is recommended to clean the soil surface from the fallen leaves, cut off the dried and damaged branches, seal the traces of mechanical damage on the trunk, if any. Also, the preparation involves digging the trunk in a circle with a slightly lower immersion than a shovel bayonet. The result is a barrel circle.
How to fertilize planting before winter
There are several types of fertilizers, each of which deserves attention. Before applying it, it will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the advantages of one or another option in order to choose the most effective top dressing.
Mineral autumn dressing in September and October
This type of food for plants has a simple chemical composition of microelements safe for plants and the environment. Existing mineral fertilizers are conventionally divided into simple and complex. These definitions are conditional, since even simple options contain enough nutrients for normal culture development. Complex formulations contain 2-3 main components and several additional, presented in a small dosage.
Pellets can be distributed over the soil surface around the stem of the tree, followed by watering and embedding or dissolved previously in water for watering the plant at the root.
Mineral feed can be used both in dry and in diluted form Phosphoric compounds for fruit trees
Ammophos is also considered the most popular fertilizer in the horticultural group of phosphorus. There is an opinion that it is better to choose double superphosphate, in it the amount of gypsum is less, and the dosage of the main component is increased.
Phosphorus slows down the process of dissolving compounds used in top dressing. This increases the efficiency of the nutrient enrichment procedure. The advantages of phosphorus compounds is the ability to strengthen the root system, give the plant strength and energy. Phosphorus also contributes to the accumulation of sugar and protein in the sap of the tree.
Good potash fertilizers
Autumn dressings with potash composition allow even fragile plants to survive the bitter cold. There are two types of fertilizers: chloride and sulphate. Before use, you should familiarize yourself with the susceptibility of each fruit tree to chlorine and sulfur. For example, a pear and an apple tree react well to chlorine, which is not the case with fruit bushes.
When potash fertilizers are applied, it is important to take into account the environment in the soil in order not to acidify it, for example, with potassium sulfate.
Potash supplements help plants survive the cold Combined fertilizers to increase yield
The use of mixed dressings is also important for autumn preparation for winter. As an option, put a mixture of the following components in the wells at the roots:
- humus (5 kg);
- superphosphate (50 gr.);
- chloride or potassium sulfate (30 gr.).
The composition must first be well mixed so that all substances are distributed evenly. After thrashing the pit should be watered.
For young cultures, whose age does not exceed 5 years, organic matter is taken in a lower dosage. And for trees older than 8 years, the amount of fertilizer increases by 20-30%.
Another type of combined nutrition is phosphate-potassium compounds. A balanced product facilitates the application and enriches the soil with all the necessary valuable minerals.
Combined dressings are good for beginners, until they understand how to care for plantings Vegetable ash for garden autumn feeding
Vegetable ash is considered a universal remedy, which can be applied in a dry form and in dissolved water. This dressing is suitable for almost all crops. Thanks to the ash, the soil is deoxidized, enriched with trace elements necessary for normal growing season:
- magnesium;
- calcium;
- potassium;
- zinc;
- copper;
- sulfur and other substances.
When using this fertilizer, it is worth considering that the proportions of microelements included in the composition vary depending on the feedstock (grass, straw, peat).
Wood ash refers to potash fertilizers due to the high content of such a component as potassium. Hardwoods have an index of 14-16%, conifers - 4-6%.
Feeding from ash has the following advantages:
- stems and stems of plants strengthened;
- immunity is strengthened, which increases the chances of survival in winter;
- increases the resistance of the culture to various infections and viruses;
- the presence of potassium keeps from the rapid growth and premature ripening of fruits;
- the main component is involved in photosynthesis, converting nutrients into starch.
When using plant ash for feeding plantings, it is recommended to adhere to the consumption rate: 250 grams per 1 m2.
How to feed organic bushes in the garden
To ensure the nutrition of fruit plantations appropriate to use almost all types of organic fertilizers:,. Organic matter is often combined with mineral fertilizers, which creates optimal conditions for saturating the soil with valuable trace elements and maintaining plant vitality in the cold season.
Most often it is embedded in the soil around the trunk to a depth of 10-15 cm. But it is also allowed to enrich the soil with a solution prepared on the basis of manure or bird droppings. In the manufacture of liquid food should strictly adhere to the norms of consumption and dosage, so as not to burn the plant.
Autumn fertilizer is distinguished by the formulations used and the proportions used for young seedlings and adult trees. A large dosage of nutrients will negatively affect the development of the plant, and in some cases it will provoke its death.
It is necessary to feed in a dry form. Nutrients are buried in the ground around the trunk of a tree or cover the surface of the soil as mulch. If you use the same minerals or organic matter in combination with water, you get no less valuable liquid feed, which is watered under the root. The effectiveness of this treatment is that all components used are distributed evenly in the soil.
The main advantage of liquid fertilizers is the form of nutrients available to plants. This type of feed is particularly suitable for crops that have a long period of growth.
The most popular fertilizers are based on or. To prepare the solution, at first a small part of the organic matter is infused for a week in water, obtaining a concentrated liquid. For further use, you will need to dilute the billet with water and water the plants at the root 2-3 times per season, including autumn.
Properly conducted shrub autumn dressing will strengthen the immunity of fruit trees, which will allow them to survive a harsh winter and increase the harvest. And what kind of fertilizer to choose and make under fruit trees and berry bushes is up to you!
When caring for a young garden, good development and fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without systematic use of fertilizers, especially in areas of the non-black earth strip.
For the successful growth of trees in young garden, accelerating their entry into the fruiting period and creating conditions for further high and regular harvests is of great importance fertilizer application. The best results are shown by joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers.
The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden
Widespread use in the care of young garden should get first organic fertilizers (manure, compost, peat, peat-fecal and others), which not only provide the nutrients necessary for trees, but also improve the soil structure destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.
Manure is brought in the autumn, under the soil digging, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the tree trunk in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will make 15-20 kilograms for one two-three year old tree, 30-40 kilograms five-six years old and 50-70 kilograms seven-ten years old.
Compost also has a good effect on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps must be kept in every household. Woody leaves, fallen needles, vegetable tops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, household garbage, kitchen waste, road dust, etc. can be used to prepare the compost.
The compost pile is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of arbitrary length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed site. When planting in the compost heap, the tops, house garbage and other household garbage are interbedded with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost so that it is always moderately wet, from time to time it is poured over with water or, better still, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add to the compost lime, ground limestone and ash.
Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost pile is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of garbage. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. The rates, timing and depth of composting are the same as for manure.
A valuable fertilizer for the care of a young garden is also the “night gold” (feces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat feces. For this purpose, they take small, well decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it over with liquid faeces. After the watering, the second layer is placed on the first layer of peat of the same thickness and is also watered, and this is done until the heap reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.
Peat can be cooked directly in cesspools - latrines. To do this, peat every two or three days, fall asleep in the pit and mixed with the sixth contents of the pit. Peat faeces - a very strong fertilizer: the rate of making it two to three times lower than the rate of manure.
In areas where there is no peat, for the preparation of fecal fertilizers use compost, manure, and even ordinary land.
When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It makes 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the circle of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of a liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.
Good fertilizer - oven ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are introduced by about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). Particularly good results are the use of ash on the soils of the non-chernozem strip on the turf podzolic soils, reducing their acidity. In this case, the rate of making ash increase not less than two or three times.
Pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills can be used as fertilizer.
The use of mineral fertilizers for care for a young garden
If there are mineral fertilizers, then they should be used.
They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan saltpeter), phosphate (superphosphate, tomate, phosphorous rock) and potash (potassium salt 30 - and 40 percent and potassium chloride). Nitrogen fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is the full mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers.
Mineral fertilizers at the rate of about 8-10 grams of the active substance of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Consequently, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulphate must be added per 1 square meter.
In one glass from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulphate) to 250 grams (potash salt) mineral fertilizers.
The amount of mineral fertilizers to be applied under one tree, depending on its age and size of the tree trunk, is given in the table.
Montan nitrate contribute by 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate is 40 percent less than ammonium sulfate. Double superphosphate contribute two times less than usual.
Phosphate and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in the fall, under deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphate and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form by foci in wells made with scrap, 30-40 centimeters deep; wells do about two pieces per 1 square meter.
The bulk of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) are best applied in the spring, with the first spring loosening.
The approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under a single tree (in grams):
| Diameter (width) stick circle (meters) |
Square stick circle (in sq. meters) |
Ammonia Sulphate | Superphosphate | Potassium salt 40 percent | ||||||
| with fertilizer | with fertilizer | with fertilizer | ||||||||
| weak | average | | strong | weak | average | strong | weak | average | | strong | ||
| 2 3 4 5 |
3 7 12 20 |
100 200 400 600 | 150 300 600 900 |
200 400 800 1200 |
150 300 550 850 | 225 450 800 1300 |
300 600 1 100 1700 |
50 100 200 300 |
75 150 300 450 |
100 200 400 600 |
- When combined with the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, the rate of their application is halved against those indicated.
- When mixing fertilizers, you must adhere to the established rules. It is best to mix them before entering into the soil.
Top dressing of fruit trees at care for a young garden
Great value when atduring the course of a young garden it has a top dressing of fruit trees, widely used by foremost gardeners.
For top dressing it is necessary to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow manure, etc. Dung manure and urine for liquid feed are diluted with 5-b parts of water, and feces and bird droppings-10-12 parts.
You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or full mineral fertilizer.
Fertilizers for dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form. In dry soil, the trunks are pre-watered with water before feeding. With a fractional introduction of the specified average rate is divided into parts by the number of dressings: each time make the appropriate part (half or third of the norm). The first top dressing is given in spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during intensive growth of shoots (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two or three weeks after the second.
Considering that nitrogen fertilizers in case of untimely application cause growth retardation, they should be fed only during spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.
It is necessary to fertilize a garden every year on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching of tree trunks with manure, humus, compost, etc.
In addition, podzolic soils should also be lime. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, with an average of 1.5 kilograms per square meter. The best time to add lime is autumn.
Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees
In this video, an expert will tell you about how to fertilize fruit trees and how.
Video: Apple Garden Technology
When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth of seedlings and build the correct tree crown, as well as ensure early entry of the trees into the fruiting season.
