How to pinch tomatoes, how to properly form a bush. How to stick tomatoes (tomatoes) or what are stepchildren and how to cut them

Today we will learn about what is pasynkovanie tomato, how to pasynkovat tomatoes correctly and how, in fact, understand what a stepchild is and how it differs from a regular leaf.

What is pasynkovanie

Masking tomatoes is a branch of shoots that are on the side; these shoots grow from the leafy sinuses. Why is this procedure mandatory? Indeed, it is obligatory to stick a tomato, the fact is that the stepchildren steal the life force from the plant, which negatively affects the growth of the shrubbery and also worsens the yield indices.

For a better understanding of the process, it is worthwhile to designate goals, for which it is recommended to carry out a staking:

• With this process you can easily complete the formation of the required number of stems.
• You can speed up the harvest of tomatoes
• There is a real opportunity to extend the fruiting period of tomatoes
• The yield will increase in quantitative terms, so from one shrub of tomatoes will be able to get more fruit

How not to confuse the stepson with a sheet

Novice gardeners and gardeners often confuse a regular sheet with a stepson, try to shed light on this issue. First of all, carefully inspect what a tomato bush looks like. Leaves grow on the stem of a tomato bush, and in the axils of these leaves there is a sprout, which is commonly called the stepchild. This new growth grows quickly enough, its leaves are rapidly developing, thus generating the same stepchildren, but already the second level.

It should be said that all stepchildren are subject to removal and pruning, and this must be done before they have grown too large. This is extremely important to do for the reason that such processes suck out the strength of the bush, thus, the future fruits receive less nutrients, and the bush itself does not grow. It is important to get rid of such processes carefully enough so as not to damage the stem, thereby not causing even more damage to the bush.

What time spend pasynkovanie

Many are wondering when to properly carry out the pinching procedure, when to trim and remove the processes. Here the answer will be extremely simple, it is carried out as needed, that is, throughout the life cycle of the tomato bush, starting with the fact that the bush must be rooted. However, it may be noted that the stepchildren appear exactly then the bush enters the flowering stage.

It is important to say that in advanced cases, when the tomato staging was not carried out for a long time, regardless of the variety, the removal of shoots is much harder. The fact is that they grow so much that it is almost impossible to disassemble which leaves are true and which pests are. The only advice you can use is the characteristic location of the stepson, usually it is located right under the flower brush.

There is one more advice from experienced gardeners, the most appropriate time for the procedure is morning, since it is at this time of the day that the stepchildren are the easiest to break off. It is also worth saying that by the end of the day the crack on the stem will be completely tightened. If the morning work on the beds failed, then all the wounds on the stem need to be treated with ashes.

It so happens that after removal of the appendix from the kidney, in the same place, a new stepson begins to bite, which is a threat to the culture. The reason for this phenomenon may be excessive watering or excessive abundant feeding. Of course, after the pinching, you should immediately review the care of the tomatoes. Usually, to avoid such situations in the future, it is necessary to carefully and carefully inspect the entire bush, so as not to miss a single bud.

There are situations when the stepson germinates directly from the flower, which looks like the usual continuation of the inflorescence. They are also subject to removal, as they call into question the harvest.

Besides the fact that the stepchildren must be removed, it is also necessary to tear off all the lower leaves of the shrub, this should be done strictly in late spring - early summer, when it is not so hot outside. In this process there are recommendations, to tear off sheets should be gradually, no more than three per day. If you do it aggressively, there is the likelihood of yield loss. In addition, you must comply with the technology - the leaves should not be removed to the side, but towards the ground, that is, down.

Proper beaning technique

Before we talk about how to properly pinch, it is worthwhile to designate some process flow, such as:

• The procedure is carried out at least 1 time per week.
• It is necessary to determine in advance how many stems will be in the bush. Earlier we said that the number can vary from one to three stems. Next we look at the differences between these techniques.

We form one stalk

It should be said that experienced farmers argue that the single-stalk variant is most suitable for growing tomatoes in greenhouses. However, those people who are engaged in tomatoes at home, say the opposite thing, arguing that an increase in stems has a positive effect on the increase in yield. We learn how the formation of a single stem.

In order to form a bush with one stem, it is necessary to break off all stepchildren, including those stepchildren who were formed in the bifurcation of the stem. However, it is important to leave the brush of flowers intact, including the one at the bottom.

Bush with two stems

To form a double-stem plant from a shrub of tomatoes, it is necessary to leave the first stepson intact, usually it is quite powerful and developed, so it is not difficult to find it.

If you still have problems with its discovery, you need to find the most developed flower branch, the stepchild that interests you is located under it. All other stepchildren of tomatoes are subject to mandatory removal. It should be said that cherry tomatoes are often formed into two stems, this formation turns out to be the most appropriate.

How to form a triple stem

To get on the tomato bush just three stems, you need to take the following steps step by step:

• As in the previous version, we leave the very first stepson located at the base of the flower brush
• Next, you need to find another well-developed stepchild, its usual location is the area under the first branch.
• The other stepchildren must be carefully removed by breaking it down.

How the process varies depending on the type of tomato

It should be said that tomatoes are divided into three groups, depending on what changes the staking scheme:

• Determinant Varieties
• Indeterminate
• Semi-determinant varieties

Let us proceed to the description of each of the three types, we learn how to properly remove stepchildren, depending on the type of culture belonging to one or another type.

Indeterminate type

This group includes tomatoes that do not have a limitation on the issue of growth, usually they are selected for single-stem shrub formation. This choice can be explained by the fact that such bushes usually create a large number of processes on the side.

The peculiarity of the staving of this variety can be called the fact that at the place of separation of the stepson a stump should be formed, the height of which will be approximately equal to 1 centimeter. This, for a normal harvest, you need to get rid of all flower buds, except the most developed, it is recommended to leave no more than 10 pieces.

Semi-determinant type of tomatoes

This tall variety of tomato grows to record levels of 190 cm. Depending on how densely and densely the seedlings are planted, it is possible to form a plant in 2 or 3 stems. Such shtambovy bushes often have the problem that the stem can stop its growth, that is, growth ends at the tip and comes to naught. To prevent this from happening, do not rush to the pasynkovanie, you need to make sure that the plant is not snapped up, that is, the stem continues to grow moderately.

Pasynki  - These are lateral processes on the stem of a tomato that grow from the leaf sinus. These processes need nutrition, as well as floral and fruiting brushes. And they take food to the detriment of the latter.

The process of removing such germs is called cradle. Removing them, you help the plant to direct all the juices to the formation and ripening of fruits. Simply put, ignoring this process, you risk being left without a crop. Grazing, as well as tomatoes in the greenhouse, will help prolong the fruiting period, increase yield  per unit area, get an early harvest.

Almost all types of tomatoes beadling required. The exception is the standard varieties - a kind of determinant.

This is what is called a tomato for the lazy. They do not need the formation of a bush, or tying, or pasynkovanie.

They have a short - up to 50 cm - strong thick stalk and their growth is limited to the formation of 3-5 fructifying brushes.

They are planted in open ground, preferably in warm regions, where they will have time to produce the fruits of technical ripeness.

Leaf or stepson?

How to distinguish the sheet from the stepson? For those who are just starting to grow tomatoes, this is not an idle question. The stepson always grows out of the leaf bosom, that is, the leaf first grows, and the lateral shoot, the stepson, begins to stretch above.

In fact, they grow from one point. Thus, it is necessary to break off not the lower, but the upper sprout.

A photo

In the photo below you can see how the stepson tomatoes in the greenhouse correctly:

Pasynkov time

Start off  need when the first stepson will be formed  under the first flower brush. Do not allow him to grow more than 5 cm, otherwise he will have time to pick up the precious food. In addition, the grown-up stepchild is difficult to remove without damaging the stem, and this can cause bush disease. In order not to miss its appearance, tomatoes should be regularly inspected.

Masking is best done in the morning with good ventilation and natural light. The weather should be warm and dry. Always start with the strongest and healthiest bushes.

Weak or suspicious bushes leave any last. The optimal frequency of removal of stepsons is 1 time in 7-10 days.

How to pinch?

It is undesirable to use a tool for removing side shoots. This can trigger tomato viral diseases. Masking is done only by hand.  For many, the question arises: how to tear off stepchildren from a tomato in a greenhouse?

Having seized the sprout from above with two fingers, you just need to pinch it. Be sure to leave a stump up to 3 cm long, then at this point a new stepson will not appear. In no case can not pull the stepson down, trying to tear him. So you can tear off part of the stem and cause great harm to the plant.

Important! Pinching a scion, make sure that the juice of the plant does not fall on his hands. It is with him that “tomato” infections are transferred from one plant to another.

Tomatoes in the greenhouse bush formation

In the formation of the bush need all kinds of tomatoes. Depending on the purpose, the bush is formed into one, two or three stems. Sowing of tomatoes in the greenhouse scheme:

Formation in 1 stalk

In preferably form a tomato in 1 stalk.  There will be no thickening with unnecessary branches, which will ensure good penetration of light and air between the bushes.

The formation scheme is as follows: as soon as the first blooming brush has formed, the stepson begins to grow under it. It must be promptly removed.

At the same time, the lower leaves must be removed, they have already played their role and the plant is no longer needed. Removing the lower leaves will promote better ventilation of the bushes below.

Tip:  do not throw away these leaves, but fold them right there, under the bush, interspersed with dried weeds and mowed grass. Soon they will begin to decompose and release the carbon dioxide the plant needs.

Formation in 2 stalks

In 2 stalksthe bush is formed as follows: leave only one, the strongest stepchild, located under the first flowering brush.

All leaves and side shoots growing below are removed. During the entire period of growth of tomato stepchildren regularly break off.

Formation in 3 stalks

In 3 stalks  A bush is formed by removing all but two stepchildren. The first is located under the first blooming brush, the second, as a rule, grows above the first stepson.

Features of the formation of different varieties of tomatoes

All tomatoes are divided into three types - determinant, semi-determinant and indeterminant. Determinantal varieties complete their growth after setting 4-5 blooming brushes. Semi-determinant varieties can be completed at any time, and can continue to grow. Indeterminate varieties have unlimited growth.

Formation of indeterminate varieties

Such varieties always form in 1 stem. Many gardeners prefer to shape 2 stalks. But this is everyone's choice.

Indeterminate formation  in two stalks it is justified in large greenhouses, where tomato bushes can be planted at a greater distance from each other, so that they get enough light.

The second stem is formed from a stepson growing under the first flowering brush, and no more than 4-5 flowering brushes are left on it. The remaining shoots are removed.

Formation of semi-determinant varieties

It is difficult to guess whether the plant will stop its growth after the formation of several fruiting hands or not.

Therefore, it is always formed a second, spare stem. If the primary is completed, the backup will give results.

In the future, if the main stem is not completed after the formation of 6-8 fructifying brushes, the spare stem can be carefully removed so that it does not pull off the food.

Formation of determinant varieties

  Sometimes stunted determinant varieties  do not form at all. But if you want to get an early harvest on them, the bush can be formed into 1 stem.

To do this, leave no more than 4 inflorescences, the rest are removed along with the stepsons. Above the upper inflorescence leave a few leaves and pinch the growth point of the plant.

In this case, the harvest can be removed two weeks earlier than usual. Recommendations on the formation of determinant varieties are always indicated on the package with seeds.

Without labor, it is impossible to grow a decent crop. Therefore, we should not neglect such a procedure as care for tomatoes in the greenhouse pasynkovanie. Your work will pay off with interest when in the winter you will be happy to open cans with canned billets.

Useful video

How to properly form tomatoes in a greenhouse, as well as tomatoes in a greenhouse pasynkovanie can be seen in the video below:

Many amateur gardeners do not even know that tomatoes can be seedlings, because even without this operation they grow well in greenhouses and open beds. But how rich are the bushes with thick bushes, weakened by numerous sprouts? Enough to make a salad and preserve a couple of cans of tomato juice. And if you remove the extra shoots? How to do it in order not to shock the bush? Why is this procedure so useful?

Cattle or not

Tomatoes have enough light, water and the absence of pests to settle down on the garden and make the site owners happy with ripe fruits. When they receive additional nutrients in the form of mineral fertilizers, small processes are formed in the axils of the leaves, leaving the main stem. Paceniks are actively developing, weakening the maternal bush. They suck out juices and useful ingredients from the trunk and root system in order to build their own leaves and small fruits.

Tomatoes due to such processes become too thick and bulky, while the yield is reduced, because the plant spends energy on the greens, and not on the fruits. Paceniks make a shrub sensitive to pests and diseases such as late blight. Sprouts can and should be cut off to protect the crop from excessive load, to accelerate the formation and ripening of large fruits.

If you leave the stepchildren in place, the tomatoes will produce a crop, but it will be small and scanty, and the bushes themselves will have to be constantly treated for insects, rot and use more fertilizer than for the treated specimens.

Choose the right time

Tip: During the flowering period, bushes are shaken before removing the stepsons, and only after that do they begin their main work. This small procedure will improve the process of pollination of neighboring bushes.

Weekly should inspect the beds and tear off the appeared stepsons, until they become too large. Removal of fat shoots is a shock for the mother bush, which reduces the yield, and the plant itself can wither or weaken. Pysynki in greenhouse tomatoes are cut off after 6–8 days, and for crops in an open garden - after 10–12 days. The main thing is that the length of the process does not exceed 5 cm.

To get large tomatoes, and the harvest was rich, will have to cut off or pick off extra education throughout the summer. The butchers are activated after the appearance of the first inflorescences, therefore during this period it is recommended to carefully examine the plants. How to distinguish a regular leaf from a dangerous sprout? The first originates from the main trunk, and the second comes out of the stalk sinus.

Important: Some gardeners assure that they only need to stick the tomatoes until August 1, when the fruits begin to ripen. They believe that further the plant spends all its strength to feed the future harvest, and new shoots do not harm the bush. The opinion is controversial and not always true, so it is better not to take risks and continue to care for tomatoes until the fall.

On Tomato Varieties

Varieties are indeterminate and determinant. The first species are tall, so they leave one stem, in rare cases - two. The second grade gives an early harvest and is overgrown with a large amount of greenery. Determinant tomatoes sometimes do not need to stick, because they produce large berries without removing shoots. But if you remove the extra education, leaving only 2-3 stems, there will be more tomatoes. The first type of tomato is suitable for growing in open beds, and the second is well acclimatized in greenhouse conditions.

Indeterminate tomatoes carefully stepson, otherwise their crown becomes too large, blocking the rest of the plants and berries. It is desirable to lay the stem on the ground, leaving only the fruitful brush.

With determinant varieties work carefully, because there is a risk to remove the desired escape, which could turn into a growth tip. The fruitful brush is formed on it, and the fruits are fastened. In order not to spoil the bush, it is recommended to adhere to several recommendations:

1. To begin work with the definition of the main stepchild, which will later turn into a growth sprout.
2. Trim excess formations when they reach 4–5 cm, because then at the ends of the shoots the first signs of the brush appear.
3. If there is no certainty that the stepson needs to be removed, it is left. In the future, the sprout pinch, stopping growth.

There are several methods of planting tomatoes in the greenhouse, but the most simple and popular is chess. If the choice was made in its favor, only determinant tomatoes should grow in the second row. It is not necessary to make such a variety in the open ground, it will give a good harvest without breaking the shoots.

Cooking tool

It is possible to carry out the removal of excess shoots by hand, but in this case it is highly likely to infect a hive with some kind of infectious disease or fungus. To break off stepchildren should be in gloves, rubber or garden, carefully erasing the droplets of juice from your fingers, so it is advisable to take a dry clean rag.

Remove sprouts and scissors or shears, but then the tool should be:

• well sharpened so that the blade does not “jam” the stem;
• clean, because in the open wound of the plant is easy to bring dirt or bacteria.

Together with scissors take a bottle or a jar of disinfectant solution. Prepare the product from potassium permanganate or bleach. Enough 1-2% concentration. The tool is rinsed in the solution after each bush so that the juice does not get to another tomato.

We remove too much

Sprout take the index finger and thumb, slightly squeezing. Swing in opposite directions until it cracks and breaks. Carefully separate it from the mother bush, leaving a small stump 0.5–1.5 cm high to stop the growth of the stepson and prevent the appearance of a new one at the old place.

It seems that scissors will be faster? Having identified an unnecessary sprout, separate it from the bush with quick, sharp movements. The main thing is to have a neat cut without chewed edges, otherwise the wound will heal longer and the risk of infection of the plant will increase.

In one approach, you can remove up to 3 stepsons and lower sheets. If cut more, tomatoes weaken and wither. Therefore, it is recommended to stretch the work for about 7 - 10 days, starting with the largest shoots and gradually getting to the smallest.

Tip: Plants after the intervention need to "comfort" and support. In the morning the tomatoes stepchild, and then watered. In the evening or after 1-2 days, mineral or natural fertilizers are applied. Suitable diluted wood ash or feed, made from chicken manure. Then the sections will tighten faster, and the bushes will become stronger and begin to form the ovary.

Broken stepchildren immediately put in a basket or bucket and carried away from the garden. You can not leave the cut sprouts next to the bushes, otherwise rotting starts, and the disease spreads in the greenhouse or on the garden bed.

1. Passing tomatoes in the garden is recommended in dry, calm weather, so that a minimum of dust and dirt gets into the wound.
2. It is not necessary to remove extra shoots on some determinant or hybrid varieties. Producers made sure that the crop gave the maximum yield with minimal care. Such information must indicate the bundle of seeds.
3. Together with the stepsons, you can also remove the bottom leaves. They get a minimum of light, so they pull more nutrients from the bush than the top ones. The leaves are carefully cut as they ripen and gather fruit. The less greenery, the better the bush is ventilated. Cutting off the bottom sheets, the summer resident protects plants from fungus and phytophthora.

Passing tomatoes is much easier than it seems to novice gardeners. At first, the procedure takes a lot of time, but with the experience of movement it becomes automatic and fast. Remove excess sprouts are advised in greenhouse tomatoes, and there is no unequivocal opinion about crops planted in open ground. Although if you want to get a truly royal harvest, it is advised not to be lazy and begin to form a bush as soon as the seedlings become stronger, and the first stepchildren appear.

Video: tomato pasynkovka

June. Heat. Tomato seedlings, planted in the ground, have noticeably grown up - it's time to remove the stepchildren, shoots formed in the axils of the leaves. Do you need tomatoes? Imagine growing tomatoes as they like, fluffy bushes, stems a lot, but the fruits, alas ... not enough, and those small ones, started late, did not have time to ripen to frost. So that such a picture does not become a reality and the harvest pleased, pasynkovanie necessarily. You can form bushes in one, two and several stems. It is individual and dependent:

From the weather conditions of the region;

Varieties of tomatoes;

Bushes are rarely or often planted.

To get an early harvest, form several bushes in one stem with two or three flower brushes, leave two or three stems on the rest, and if the bushes are rarely located, then four.

Toine the tomatoes in the open ground begin, when the seedlings are strong, will grow. Do it throughout the season. Shoots grow quickly, it is necessary every 7-10 days to inspect the bushes of tomatoes and break out small, 4-5 cm processes. Stretched, overgrown shoots better cut shears. Breaking stepchildren should not be at the root, and leave a stump in the 1-1.5 cm, it will not allow to grow a new process.

How to pinch tall tomatoes

Indeterminant varieties of tomatoes require special attention, they give a lot of lateral shoots that grow in the axils of each leaf. Flower brush is laid through three leaves, but where there is a stepson, the brush is not formed, which leads to a decrease in the number of ovaries. It is desirable to hold the first pasynkovka of tall tomatoes even before the appearance of the first flower brush.

There is a lot of light in the open ground and if you rarely plant bushes, you can safely leave two or three lower shoots to increase the yield. The rest, as they grow, remove. If you plan to form a bush in one stalk, then remove all side shoots, if in two stalks, then leave the stepson located under the first floral brush.

In turn, on the lateral shoots left, also remove stepchildren and excess flower brushes, there should be 2-4 on each stem. To limit the growth of the bush tops, pinch, it will allow to obtain large fruits. To undersized tomatoes a different approach.

How to pinch determinant tomatoes

Determinant tomatoes have growth limitations - after the formation on the main stem of four or six flower brushes, the growth stops. Therefore, pinch tomatoes must be carefully. Trying to remove side shoots will be left without a crop. Remove one or two lower stepsons, this will be enough to get a good harvest.

Stamming tomatoes do not require staking at all. They have a powerful upright stalk. Pasynkov form a little, and they do not develop and do not affect the quantity and quality of the fruit.

In conclusion, a little advice - stepchild tomatoes in dry weather, so that the wounds dried out, quickly healed.