I would like to give a little attention to the modest tenant of a simple rural - gravilat (Geum). There are many varieties of gravilat, but more common are river and urban gravilates, however, the conditions for their growth and care are very similar.
Perennial Gravilat is a grassy frost-resistant rhizomatous plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. In general, it is a rather unpretentious and easy-to-care perennial, moreover beautifully blooming from May to July, and closer to the autumn it gives a repeated wave of new colors. Although there are some varieties that bloom all season, both simple and terry flowers.
It is advisable to choose a well-lit place for landing, although the gravity is very loyal and moderate to shade. Well, watering, like all - as needed.
Gravilat in landscape design
Long flowering, unpretentiousness, the emergence of new interesting varieties could not help but attract attention to it. The plant is decorated with alpine slides, lawns, rabatki, flower beds, banks of ponds, borders, added to bouquets. Usually it is planted in the foreground - gravel bushes look pretty even after flowering is complete.
Features of planting gravilat
For most species of perennial gravilat, it is necessary to “trim” the soil at the site a little while planting. The earth should be loose, enriched with nutrients, permeable. Does not like the culture of acidic soil. In order to change the composition of the land for the better, you need to add sand for digging and wood ash, on acidic soils - dolomite flour. If the plot is marshy, it is better to make a bed for the gravilatus slightly elevated, although the domesticate gravilatus easily tolerates and with excess moisture.
Graft Reproduction
You can use the method of dividing the bush, but this is done no more than 1 time in 4 years, otherwise the bushes of gravilat will not be so lush and they will have less flowers. Pieces of rhizome with rosettes of leaves are seated at a distance of about 30 centimeters.
When planting develinka in the fall, you need to remember that its terry varieties are usually less hardy than the simple ones, so just in case, take care of the winter shelter for new residents of the front garden. Shelters are usually spruce or dry leaves, while time-tested varieties will safely survive the winter under their own foliage covering the roots. And in any case, do not tighten with the autumn planting, because the plant of gravilat should have time to take root well before the onset of frost. In the northern areas, planting is better to be postponed until spring and plant devenki gravilat until blooming of the kidneys, after thawing the soil.
Growing seed gravilatum
The seeds of the city's gravilatum, for example, remain viable for several years under natural conditions. They tolerate frosts, warming, frosts again and do not lose their germination. A small part of the seed germinates in the first autumn, most of it will germinate for the next spring, and the rest will gradually sprout in the following years. Gravilat reproduces by epigeal (elevated) method when each seed is brought to the surface during germination. Moreover, sunlight contributes to an increase in the percentage of germination.
Presowing seed treatment
To increase the number of ascended plants, it is desirable to stratify them before planting. Even a 3 day stay at a temperature of + 5 to + 10 ° leads to the fact that stratified seeds begin to germinate about 5 days earlier. Soaking seeds (4 - 5 days) also contributes to earlier and harmonious germination - about 3 days. If germination is carried out in sunlight, the highest germination rate is observed - up to 85%. In the dark, gravity rises more slowly.
Landing
In March - early April, engaged in landing. If possible, peat can be added to the soil, and a fungicide treatment can be carried out (disease prevention). Seeds are laid out on the surface, lightly sprinkled with soil (you can take the sand). Planting containers can be covered with glass and set in a sufficiently cool place (18 - 21 °, at night the temperature can be slightly lowered). The first single shoots may already appear on the 11th day. But in principle, the gravilatus germinates rather badly, and the majority of shoots appear only at 3 - 4 weeks.
All the time you need to observe the crops and prevent the soil from drying out. After the real leaves have appeared (1 - 2), the seedlings can be smashed into separate glasses. With the onset of stable heat, young plants are planted in a permanent place. Unfortunately, they have low vitality and not all will survive the next spring.
How should I care for gravity?
This culture is not capricious, but at least 2 times over the summer it is desirable to feed it with full mineral fertilizer. In dry time, it is necessary to regularly water the plants, avoiding excessive waterlogging. Loosening after watering, weeding and removal of flowering inflorescences - that's the whole care.
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The flower of gravilatum, which is also commonly called Avens, is a genus of 50 species of perennial rhizomatous plants of the family Rosaceae. This species is distributed in Europe, Asia, North and South America, as well as in Africa and New Zealand. Some species are on the verge of extinction or very vulnerable in their natural habitat. According to its characteristics, gravilat is very closely related to two more species - Potentilla and strawberry.
The main grades of gravilatum - “Lady Strateden” and “Mrs. J. Bradshaw” received the award of the royal garden society. In this article, you can learn about the basic rules that make growing out of seeds a simple and comfortable process. Considered planting and caring for plants in open ground. You can also see the gravilat on the photo, illustrating all the beauty and elegance of the flower, which has excellent aesthetic properties:
Native Americans use boiled roots of a grade of a grafilat Triflorum for production of tea. Also used in medicine for application to wounds and in the treatment of sore throat.
Gravilat flower: description and photo of culture
From the basal rosette of leaves, the flower of gravilat produces flowers of red, yellow and orange hues on hard stems in the middle of summer. The plant is evergreen except for those places where the temperature drops below -18 ° C. A description of the culture in terms of botanical features is presented below.
The flower has a creeping, blackish and slightly woody root, growing deep in the ground along with numerous fibers. The stems are straight and reach two meters in height (often at the top they are a little paniculate). Near the roots, the leaves are almost lyre-shaped. On the petioles they are already rounded with jagged edges. Leaf stems are few and reach only 3 mm in length.
Seeds are oval with a slightly hooked end.
Flowers give the whole plant a feeling of lightness and airiness
Look at the photo of gravilat flower at various stages of its development - at any time this culture allows you to create magnificent compositions:
Caring for gravity - everything is simple and difficult at the same time
When organizing care for gravity, you need to be prepared for the fact that the culture is characterized by increased requirements for the conditions of its habitat. Depending on the type, gravity may be frost resistant. They are also distinguished by their need for light: some of them love the full sun, while others prefer a slight shadow. Some grow quietly in dry conditions, but most require additional moisture. When stored in winter, there is a risk that the gravilat will rot, especially if the soil or storage location is very wet. It easily adapts to any soil, but prefers from neutral to slightly acidic. everything is simple and difficult at the same time, because you need to create a neutral reaction of the soil with the appropriate irrigation regime.
During flowering, it may fall off and re-bloom several times over the summer. Exposed to some pests and diseases that can harm gravilat.
Propagation and planting of gravilta when grown from seed
Planting of gravilaton when grown from seeds should be carried out by the seedling method at home. This allows you to get early and long flowering. In large flower beds it is grown in the first rows - as a border for bushes - their low foliage and bright flowers on the yellow stems are ideal for framing any flower garden. Gravilat Triflorum is used as a natural soil coating.
It is recommended to plant a flower only on loose and drained soil, in which 2/3 should be sand. After that, it is mixed with the soil and grown in this soil gravilat seeds. You can also make ash, but it will take much less than sand.
Since the plant is very fond of the sun and light, the place for planting gravilat must be appropriate - light partial shade or open sun. If you cut off the ground part of a flower before wintering and then cover it with foliage or a layer of mulch, then the gravilat will relive all frosts. The flower (with the exception of the river variety) does not like when a large amount of moisture accumulates near the roots - because of this, rotting can begin. That is why it is important to quality drainage, which, with careful watering will not allow water to stagnate around the root system. It also happens that the water in spite of everything continues to stagnate - in this case it is recommended to raise the ground level next year, adding sand to it.
In order to preserve the picturesque flowers of gravity as long as possible, we advise you not to forget to clean dry and damaged petals in time. Also do not forget about dressing - at least three or four times per season will be quite enough.
When planting, do not forget to keep a distance of 20 centimeters between the seedlings.
Gravilat grow from seeds or simply divide the bush with a sharp knife - in this case, you will get the first flowers next year. When growing seedlings from seeds - only in a year. Propagation of gravilat by dividing the bush is possible only if all the seeds on it are completely ripe.
The main varieties of gravilat (with photos)
What begins the design of flower gardens? Of course, with a choice of plants that are suitable in color and overall dimensions. The following describes the main varieties of gravilat with a photo, many of them are more decorative. When choosing the right type, you need to pay attention to botanical features and requirements for growing conditions.
City Gravilat or the Grass of St. Benedict
The city of Gravilat is also known as the tree Avens, Bennet grass, and St. Benedict grass. This perennial herbaceous plant grows in shady places — for example, forest edges and hedges — in Europe and the Middle East.
Usually litter reaches 60 centimeters in height, and blooms from May to August. Flowers 1-2 mm in diameter with five bright yellow petals. Hermaphroditic flowers are fragrant and pollinated by bees. The fruits have barbs, which are necessary so that they are caught on the backs and furs of rabbit and other animals. The root of the plant is used as a spice for soups, as well as to improve the taste of ale.
It is believed that the city's gravilatum treats poison and dog bites. Also, some scientists have suggested using it as a remedy for colds, liver diseases and stomach disorders. In traditional Austrian medicine, herb plants are used for tea that treats for rheumatism, gout, infection, and fever. In the modern world, herbalists use it to treat diarrhea, heart disease, and bad breath.
Chilean Gravilat
Chilean Gravilat is also called the Greek rose. It grows in the central region of Chile. Used in traditional medicine of Mapuche Indians in Chile for the treatment of various ailments. The plant has bright red petals that will adorn any garden.
Gravilat river - purple Avens
Hand-made Gravilat grows throughout most of Europe, with the exception of the Mediterranean region, as well as in parts of Central Asia and North America (known there as purple Avens). It grows in swamps and wet meadows, producing red flowers from May to September.
This variety grows quietly in moist soils and can withstand slightly acidic and calcareous soils when placed in the sun or in partial shade. Pollinated with bees, flies and beetles. When the flower ripens, elongated stamens provide its independent fertilizer. On poorly drained soils, whether the acidic lowlands are neutral, grass may become purple.
Gravilat red and fireball
Gravilat red grows up to half a meter in length and differs from other varieties in rich red or fiery orange colors with a diameter of 3 centimeters. Especially popular are the species with terry petals.
The fireball has a length of 60 centimeters and flowers with a diameter of 4 mm. For seedlings seed is sown in March-April. And after the appearance of the first leaves they are divided into different containers. Then, by the beginning of June, the fireball gravitates are planted on the open ground at a distance of 20 centimeters from each other. The division of the bush is made once every 4 years. If you prune right after the first flowering, you will contribute to the growth of new shoots and more active flowering. 
Gravilat "Red Dragon"
It looks very attractive plant (especially beautiful terry variety), which is most often used for medical purposes. Gravilat "Red Dragon" is quite unpretentious, so it does not require special conditions from you - the main thing is not to forget about good drainage and place in a sunny or slightly shaded place. Like other species, propagated by seed or vegetative way. 
Is an . In this article we will tell you how Chilean gravilat looks like, how it is planted and cared for in the open field, and also provide a photo of the plant.
Description
Gravilat belongs to the Pink family. The plant is represented by small perennial, with straight stems. Possesses basal rosette with large leaves of pinotuspane or pinis-dissected form. Among the inflorescences found corymbose and paniculate. Flowers bell type; white, pink or yellow. Pollination occurs through. The genus includes about 50 species, and culture - 20.
Important! Before planting, think carefully about the place for the flower. During transplantation, it may die, so it is better to immediately provide it with a permanent place.
The flower is the owner of a creeping, blackish, slightly woody root that grows deep in the soil. The height is usually 60 cm. Flowering occurs in July and August.
Choosing a landing site
To grow healthy and please the eye, you need to choose the right place for his landing.
Lighting
For planting plants need to choose well liton which the sun's rays fall. In the shade a flower can also survive, but its growth will not occur very quickly.
The soil
When planting is better to give preference to not oxidized. It is recommended to pre-fertilize the land with a mixture of coarse sand and hardwood soil. It is not necessary to plant a flower in waterlogged soil - sprinkle a little bit of soil and lift the flowerbed.
How to plant Chilean gravity?
Planting plants should be made in the spring. Despite the fact that the flower does not belong to capricious cultures, it is recommended to loosen the soil a little. Be sure to make it into or. If for landing there is only land with increased, it is worth adding a little to it. When planting a crop, stick to the recommended distance between the bushes - at least 20 cm.
Did you know? If the light low-alcohol drinks add tincture of orange peel and rhizomes of gravilate, they will get the taste of vermouth.
Planting a flower we recommend using some tips:
- A great option when disembarking is the use of low long rabatok. They will harmoniously fit into the framing of the paths.
- Another good solution are. They are necessary for the collection of plants that bloom constantly. Having dropped the gravity with other colors, you can create a beautiful composition.
Care features
Like any culture, Chilean gravity needs care. Consider what you should pay attention.
Plant able to endure a small drought, but it does not mean that you can not water it. In summer, when the air temperature is especially high, it is necessary to perform plentiful and regular. Even if the flower has suffered from severe drought, with the help of abundant watering it can be reanimated. To prevent rotting of the roots, it is worthwhile to build.
Fertilizer
Better to use for drugs based. Please note that their composition should be. This fertilizer has the form of granules and contains, and. Thanks to this feeding, made 2 times a season, the gravilat will delight you with a lush and beautiful flowering.
Soil care
The soil in which gravel is planted is necessary periodically loosenand also add it once a season. If the flower grows on waterlogged soil, it is worth it to either transplant or lift, fill up the ground.
Important! If germination did not happen after the landing, you should not think that the seeds died - they can ascend in a year or two. If you need a plant in the current season, it is better to plant its seedlings.
Sometimes there is a need for pruning. It may be necessary to remove the inflorescences that have faded, to rejuvenate the plant and give it shape. Pruning will have a favorable effect on gravilate and will contribute to the growth of new shoots and brighter, lush blooms. 
Instilled breeding
If you decide to plant Chilean gravel on the plot, you can choose one of two ways: growing from seed or dividing a bush. Consider each one of them.
Seeds
Before planting seeds, their pre and soaked in water. Thanks to these measures, you can significantly increase the germination of seed. Seedlings cover with the help of, protecting them in this way from frost.
Flowers of a gravilat, especially terry varieties, draw special attention and are well combined with other garden cultures - carnations, primroses, hand bells. This plant does not require a careful relationship, but depending on the variety (there are more than two dozen of them), it is necessary to care for the gravity in different ways. In this article, we will cover the cultivation and care of the three most popular varieties of gravel.
Bright red inflorescences of “reddragon” from a distance can be confused with poppies. This flower is quite unpretentious and can grow both in the open lit area, and in partial shade.
Seeds are sown at the beginning of spring. To begin with, we will prepare the ground - gravilat requires a well-drained soil, for this you need to add some sand or wood ash to the garden soil. The gravillat transfers a pick well, it has a strong core root system, therefore it is not necessary to leave too much distance between the seeds. The seeds are gently pressed into the ground and sprinkled on top. The box with seedlings covered with glass or polyethylene and left in the light.
After the shoots have formed 2-3 true leaves, you can make the first picking - the root system is already quite formed by this time. In open ground, seedlings are transplanted in late May - early June, when the threat of frost has passed.
The soil in the place of permanent "residence" of gravilat "red dragon" can be any, the main thing is that it should be well hydrated. Therefore, take care of regular watering of the plant, especially on hot days.
Gravilat terry "reddragon" - a perennial plant, for the winter it is necessary to cover with spruce branches or dry leaves. In order for the plant to bloom all summer, cut dried flowers in time.
See also:
Fireball for flowerbed decoration
This gravilat variety is used not only to decorate flowerbeds, flower beds, verandahs and rock gardens, but is also grown for cutting - its leaves remain green for a long time, which gives the flower a fresh look.
"Fireball" refers to grades of gravilatum, which can be sown not only in seedlings, but also immediately in open ground. Seedlings are sown for seedlings in March-April, in open ground - not earlier than May (so that the seeds do not freeze over) and no later than July (otherwise the plant will not have enough time to get stronger for wintering).
Before planting in a permanent place, compost or mineral fertilizer should be applied to the soil. Gravilat requires regular watering, it is also very important to weed weeds and loosen the soil.
In order for the fireball to bloom all summer, you need to cut it immediately after the first flowering. Every 3-4 years the bushes need to be divided, as the gravilate expands greatly.
We grow Chilean gravilat
Chilean gravity is a fairly high plant, reaching 60 cm. Like the “fireball,” it can be sown in open ground or grown seedlings. The dates of sowing are the same as for the "fireball".
Before planting the seedling in a permanent place in the soil you need to add sand or wood ash, then the plant will be better tolerated by drought. It is important to keep a distance of 40 cm between seedlings. Chilean gravity loves water, if you water it regularly, it will delight you with large flowers from June to September.
In landscape design is widely used modest, but at the same time refined gravillat. This amazing perennial is decorated with stone rockeries, alpine slides, as well as flower beds of various shapes, including rabatki. In the front garden he gets on very well with carnations and bells. Velvet inflorescences of fiery red and yellow-orange color contrast with the background of dark green. Growing this flower does not require academic knowledge. It is important for a gardener to understand the nature of a plant in order to make friends with it. 
Landing nuances
At the cottage you should find a well-lit area, which is heated by the sun more than 8-10 hours a day. These are thermophilic cultures, and they do not tolerate thick shading. The main principles of planting and care for gravilat (photos and descriptions of varieties are given below) include the following:
- Properly selected soil. Wet areas need to be dried in special ways. Some recommend making a bed in the form of a mound or buying varieties that love moisture. In the hole it is necessary to make a drainage of stones or expanded clay. Digging the land should be mixed with sand.
- The distance between the bushes. It should be between 15 and 20 cm in order for the leafy rosette to develop freely.
- The maximum distance of roots from groundwater. In an overly moist soil, the root system begins to rot, and a gray mold appears.
Diseases and pests generally do not affect this member of the Pink family. Moreover, the bushes are very easy to propagate in their backyard. It is enough to sow the seeds in a container in spring (March), and in the last days of April to transplant the seedlings into open ground. It should be borne in mind that the threat of frost still remains, so the shoots must be covered. For these purposes, use
- agrofibre;
- film;
However, the young will throw out the color only next year. The second method of reproduction - the division of the bushes. In spring or early autumn, you need to dig up a bush and gently divide it into two parts. Before planting, pour water into the hole so that the roots do not wilt.
If necessary, it is important to reduce the acidity of the soil. To do this, add a few pieces of wood ash.
Care features
Although gravilaton cannot be called a capricious plant, it still needs to be regularly fed with mineral and. You can make potassium phosphate substrates, peat, dung or leafy humus, as well as nitrophoska (three in one - nitrogen, potassium and sodium). In addition, it is important to provide the flower with favorable conditions:
- water as the land dries;
- loosen the soil, removing weeds;
- clean the bush from the dried leaves and stalks.
However, much depends on the type of culture. There are varieties that are resistant to frost. Other species live quietly in the slightly shaded gardens. For the third, river valleys are a favorite place. Therefore, each of them must be met in person.
For the winter period, greens should be cut off at the root, and the bed should be covered with mulch. Dried leaves, as well as pine or Christmas tree needles (layer up to 10 cm) will be a reliable protection against severe frosts.
Rod Gravilat
In total, there are about fifty species of this exquisite flower on the globe. And only 20 grades of a gravilat are carried to grassy plants which are used for landing in an open ground. Of these, only 7 can be found in Russia, which are adapted for growing in temperate and cold latitudes. The European climate is also suitable for some species of this genus.
Urban
In many countries it is called the grass of St. Benedict. The flowering period of urban gravel lasts about four months - from May to August. Miniature flowers with a diameter of 2 cm due to 5 bright yellow petals resemble the sun. Terry center is the same shade, but in some instances it has a brown edging, made of small stamens. The entire stem is covered with gentle villi. The leaves are collected in the triple rosette, which is planted on long roots.
The height of a wild plant varies from 40 to 80 cm, which makes it possible to use urban gravilat for decoration of rectangular flower beds. Here are the highlights in growing:
- Frost and drought-resistant.
- Do not tolerate too wet (marshy) soils with a high salt content.
- Planting is carried out by seeds in early spring.
- Between the beds, the width should be more than half a meter.
It has been scientifically proven that the roots of a plant have healing and antidote properties. However, many housewives add it as a spice in soups and alcoholic beverages (wine or ale).
It is not necessary to bury the seeds deep in the ground, it is enough to deepen them by 1.5-2 cm. Then the seedlings will appear earlier, in 2-3 weeks.
River
Unlike most of its “relatives,” the river gravilat gets on well in wet and slightly shaded areas. These can mainly be:
- the damp banks of ponds, swamps and rivers;
- clay, sandy or silty soils;
- fields or meadows with nutrient land;
- shrubs and forests.
In most cases, it can withstand sour as well as limestone areas. This is one of the few varieties that adapts perfectly in the most adverse conditions. Beginning with the May holidays and ending with the weekdays of September, purple Avens (as Americans call it) pleases gardeners with its carmine-red bloom.
The leaves in neutral and slightly acidic soils begin to change their color. They are purple streaks. This can be used to create the original landscape design.
Such herbaceous plants for open ground grow to one meter, while the river gravilatum is capable of self-fertilizing the soil around it. Ripe stamens serve as a kind of organic fertilizer for him.
Chilean
The name eloquently tells where this variety comes from. Thanks to the Chilean gravilat, the breeders have deduced many other varieties of culture, among which are popular:
These cute flowers will decorate the garden for about one or two months. Buds begin to bloom in the 15th of May. By mid-July, 60 centimeter pedicels produce fruits. Favorable temperature for seed germination is 15 degrees. Seedlings in the box should be thinned out to make the flower larger.
As soon as the outside temperature drops to + 6 ° C, the front garden must be covered with agrofibre.
Tamer
At one time, botanists crossed the Chilean and scarlet gravilat, and turned out to be a domesticated variety. His flowers are like bells, bent down, as if from hard work. Coloring of this variety will appeal to many lovers of burgundy tones, because it is in this shade made the stems of culture. They are elegantly adorned with yellow petals with a terry center. In other varieties there are pink, and even white inflorescences, which have paniculate or corymbose shape. Dense leaves imitate dissected feathers or lobes. The height of the gravity tamer reaches 0.7 m, so this variety of herbaceous plants is most suitable for open ground.
Luxurious flowering will be obtained only if the bush is in the open area. In the flowering season, it needs large portions of sunlight. However, on hot days, only the root should be watered abundantly, not the entire area, so as not to create a greenhouse effect. It is desirable to cut the bush, then it can grow in width. 
Such curly exhibits will be the original decoration.
It is desirable to add peat, wood ash, dolomite flour, sand and vegetable humus to the soil. Experts recommend treating the soil with fungicides before planting.
Hybrid
Inflorescences reach 3 cm in diameter. Often they are yellow, red and orange. At the same time, the stamens of each species resemble placers of amber jewels. The leaves, located on long stems, have a wrinkled structure and are covered with almost imperceptible hairs. On each of them are distinct contrasting streaks. Luxurious leaves attached toothed and slightly wavy edge. When the roots are collected in a compact but relatively thick outlet. 
Gravilat hybrid has many cultivated varieties, among which are popular:
- Princess Juliana;
- Prince of Orange;
- Gladys Perry;
- Dolly North;
- J. Bradshaw;
- Ruby.
You can admire these terry blossoms on dense stalks for almost two months: May and June. If in September there will be warm weather, the bush will again throw away a batch of young buds. 
Cultivation and care with hybrid hybrid is no different from Chilean, since it is derived from it.
Autumn planting should be carried out long before frost. The seedling must be well matured and rooted in order not to freeze when the temperature drops.
Fire ball
The ball of fire differs from the other members of the Pink Gravilat family in a caustic red hue. Although there are varieties and acid-orange color. Large terry flowers beautifully decorate the unsightly curbs of front gardens. 
Diving plays an important role in sizing a variety. After sowing the seeds in a container, you need to wait for the appearance of several leaves, and then separate them and transplant them into a new container.
The division of the bushes need to move 1-2 times in four years. They should be planted 20 cm apart. If possible, trim the stems to give the bush a larger volume.
Terry
Its official name is Red Dragon. This grade of terracotta is a favorite of many gardeners, because the flower has a volumetric shape. The petals are arranged in several rows, which gives the plant a chic look. 
The unusually flashy shade of red flowers looks great on alpine slides. When caring for culture, the soil should be enriched with humus. So that the soil is not too wet, the flower bed can be lifted a couple of centimeters above ground level. Among other things, you need to apply the basic recommendations for this kind.
From this follows a conclusion. Outwardly unattractive flower of gravity with sensible care can be an amazing exhibit of a modern garden.
