Have you thought about how harmoniously the world works? This is not about our constant fuss, problems and the eternal search for earnings. Stop for a minute, distract from what we do. Look at what is not created by us, but for us - on nature. It is surprisingly harmonious. There is nothing superfluous or unnecessary in it, any plant or animal takes its place and only waits for our close attention to benefit. For example, ordinary dope. Do you think that it is harmful, trying to clean the garden from a poisonous plant? And you are mistaken. The reason is the lack of knowledge. Let's fill them up.

Description

Datura ordinary (photo below) is difficult to confuse with other plants. He is big, even huge. The bush can grow up to a meter tall. The leaves are beautifully cut. They look powerful, fresh, attractive (for those who eat grass). Only animals will not eat them. They are repelled by a strange, even nasty smell. Datura-grass flowers are so gorgeous that this plant attracted the attention of landscape designers. It can be seen on flowerbeds and lawns. The plant is used as an ornamental. Moreover, it has a rather long flowering period: almost all summer (depending on climatic conditions), it delights the audience with huge bowls of white flowers. Only you need to take into account that the plant is poisonous. Flowers can stupefy (hence the name) only by smell. In hot weather, with no wind, it concentrates around the plant. It is not advisable to plant such a “decor” around the playgrounds, institutions, cafes and so on. Toddlers may not realize that you should run away from the sugary flavor. The result is a hospital.

Retreat for parents and "responsible persons"

Probably no one needs to convince that kids are interested in everything. Datura-grass attracts them with its appearance. Big leaves, gorgeous flowers want to "explore." And such a thought ripens in the heads of not only the smallest "naturalists." Children under the age of seven (or even older) do not give up the infant habit of tasting everything. But if the kids, without hiding, are pulling everything into the mouth, then the “educated” kids will try to bite the object they like sneaking. Ask them if in doubt. It is clear that in the described plant they can attract fruits and flowers. Datura is dangerous and poisonous. Its not like trying - even in the hands of taking separate parts is not recommended. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor your children in the event that there is a dope-grass nearby. Do not take lightly to such a situation. In addition to its own substances, the plant still absorbs nitrates from the soil. Contact with him can cost the child health. It is better to beware, than to “work at the pharmacy” and blame yourself for hindsight.

Datura-grass was revered by almost all Native American tribes of Central and South America. They learned in a peculiar way, taking into account their own beliefs, to use its poisonous properties, so to speak, for good. The Aztecs, for example, chewed the leaves to fall into a trance. This was done not to get pleasure from drug intoxication, no. In this way they solved the problems. The Indians believed that in such a state they would be able to lift the veil of secrecy and obtain the necessary information. Usually they asked about who stole a certain thing, whether it is possible to return it, where it is located. Still, using ordinary dope, they tried to obtain information concerning their personal life, as well as their health. A person who tasted parts of a poisonous plant was visited by hallucinations of a different type. Some saw pictures, others heard voices, some went “on a journey through the Astral”. Nevertheless, the researchers confirm that the stupefying gave positive results. Things were found, treachery was revealed, and so on. In China, flowers were especially honored. Datura there was considered a sacred plant. There is written evidence that it was used for the preparation of various drugs. In particular, flowers and seeds were used as a component of drugs for rashes on the face, nervous disorders and chills. As you know, Chinese medicine is recognized as an official science. Naturally, no one will refuse from such a useful plant as an ordinary dope. It is very rich from a medical point of view.

What plant attracted scientists

Note that the information about the dope came from different parts of the world. About the Indians have said. We mention that they used this plant for the manufacture of medicines. The drugs were used for seizures, skin rashes, for the treatment of wounds and in other cases. But in India, it was useful as a hallucinogen. The Austrians echoed the southerners. It was decided to throw a whole bush on hot coals. The acrid smoke produced in this way was breathed in and fell into a trance. And if in India this method was part of spiritual practices, then the Austrians were attracted precisely by narcotic intoxication. It does not matter how we treat it now: they had no idea about the harm of stupefying a hundred years ago. Nevertheless, the experiences of various nations attracted the attention of scientists. They began to study the plant, and not just admire its flowers. Datura revealed to them many of its beneficial properties, which are now successfully applied.

How to harvest

First of all it is necessary to remember that the dope ordinary is a poisonous plant. When harvesting should be extremely careful. Plant seeds and leaves are valuable. The grass is mowed only in dry weather, because wet leaves turn black if they are torn from the stem. Harvest time - the beginning of the summer, when the plant is collected juice. Rip off the top leaves and dry in the oven. At the same time, it is not recommended to raise the temperature above forty degrees. When the seeds are ripe, their collection begins. Sheet harvested in this period. Only dry it already in a draft. Grass is considered ready when it becomes brittle. Just take a leaf in hand. If it breaks almost without pressure, then it can be packaged for storage. Datura ordinary does not lose its properties within two years. Then the grass is better to throw out and collect another batch.

For agriculture

You probably know that in the cultivation of fields (and even tiny gardens) without poisons can not do. Any producer, from large to amateur, wants to preserve his crop, which various pests "sharpen their teeth". So, it turned out that buying chemistry is not at all necessary if ordinary dope grows in the garden. Its application leads to the same result as the use of expensive insecticidal drugs - this is the first. And secondly, it has no side effects. Infusion sprayed plants from caterpillars, ticks, cabbage moth, bedbugs. Fruits do not accumulate toxic substances that, having coped with pests, are washed away from the surface. Dope tincture is given to large animals from convulsions, and the leaves are added to pig food. It is believed that this increases the proportion of fat in their meat.

Datura in Pharmacology

Specialists in the manufacture of drugs use for their own purposes hyoscyamine, which is rich in plants. Preparations with this substance tone the respiratory system, block the activity of cholin-reactive systems, help to reduce the secretion of glands (sweat, salivary and gastric), reduce muscle tone. Pharmacologists have developed a number of tinctures and medicines recommended for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, seizures. They have both antiseptic and sedative effects. In the pharmacy, you can also find drugs for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, colitis and constipation, prepared on the basis of extracts of this plant. However, resorting to self-treatment with their help is not recommended. Be sure to ask the advice of a professional, as the poisons are contained in them. The attention of oncologists was also attracted by an ordinary dope, the seeds of which, together with adonis, gave a positive dynamic in the treatment of tumors of the stomach.

How to apply yourself

After consulting a doctor, you can try to use dope ordinary from ailments. The price in a pharmacy, for example, five grams of seeds fluctuates around one hundred and fifty rubles. Agree, it is not so expensive. And they are used for epilepsy, cancer pain (pathology of the stomach). One teaspoon of seeds is poured with boiling water in the amount of 200 ml. Insist half an hour. Then strain off. Need to use one teaspoon. Infusion of leaves hemorrhoids are treated. For the preparation of warm sitting trays twenty grams of powder insist in a glass of boiling water for an hour. Then diluted with ten liters of warm water. Leaf powder helps to cope with shortness of breath and cough. If you suffer from asthma attacks, you need to breathe the smoke from this raw material. And in other cases, the powder in tiny doses (literally at the tip of the knife) is taken orally.

For beauty

Beauticians are also interested in the ordinary dope. It helps unequivocally from the hair that irritates beauties so much with their undesirable appearance in the "wrong" places. It is necessary to buy dry raw materials at the pharmacy. One hundred and fifty grams pour a liter of boiling water and boil over low heat until the mass becomes homogeneous. Interestingly, this drug can be harvested for future use. It will be suitable for use for a long time. Just reach, apply to the desired areas. When it hardens, wash it off (along with the hairs that irritate you). Sometimes the decoction is used for douching: a half-liter of water is a teaspoon of dry product. Boil five minutes. Defend, strain and use. Douching can be done daily for no more than three weeks. Note: Datura is extremely poisonous! Therefore, even its external use requires special care.

Contraindications and side effects

Attention! When using dope you need to carefully monitor the state of health. It is recommended to bring relatives to this process. The plant can affect the psyche. The patient himself may not recognize abnormalities. Poisoning them is very likely. Of course, with the observance of the norms it is rare. However, knowledge of the signs of unexpected trouble has not hurt anyone. They are: sore throat, nausea, pupillary dilation, vomiting, dry mouth, irritability, hallucinations, paralysis. At occurrence of at least one of the listed symptoms, it is necessary to urgently ask for help. You cannot do it yourself without a specialist, and the consequences can be very sad. Keep in mind that poisoning can occur after fifteen hours. Be careful. Otherwise, like the ancient Aztecs, you will go to the Astral for the solution of your questions, but you may not be able to return.

Let's sum up. Datura ordinary is a dangerous, but very useful plant. Handling it should be extremely careful. Pampering and frivolity often lead to the deplorable finale of those who do not study the world around them, trying only to take from it, without giving anything in return. And in our case, it only takes to respect the useful representative of the plant world with respect, to spend some time in order to understand what its strength is.

A mysterious plant with beautiful flowers and a southern aroma is known as a strong hallucinogen. Ancient peoples dope used in religious rituals, occult and herbal medicine.

Origin

The exact homeland of the dope is not established. Grass references are found in legends of all continents except Australia. One of the versions says that Columbus sailors from the American continent brought the dope. On the other hand, tribes of wandering Gypsies found stupefying grains near the Caspian Sea and distributed them throughout Asia. But healers, who transported seeds in their travels, contributed most to the popularization of the henbane.

Belena was often used for magical rites. The Aztec tribes considered the flower sacred. The priests with its help caused hallucinations for contact with spirits. The fruits of the dope were sacrificed to the deities.

In the Middle Ages, Chinese doctors treated various ills with dope. And the Indians, with the help of wine and bleached, immersed themselves in ecstasy. In Europe, there used to be a legend that, on the basis of a dope-herb, sorcerers can prepare an ointment that allows them to fly.

Title

Datura (lat. Dature) or dope refers to poisonous, herbaceous plants and is included in the family of nightshade with potatoes and tomatoes.

Description

Flower Datura is a spreading bush with spectacular tubular flowers with an extension at the end. Description with a photo will give a complete picture.

The height of the perennial reaches 1.5 m. When frosty winters are grown as an annual. Dope has a thick, erect stem with a hollow structure. Sometimes painted at the base in a red-purple color. The first, central shoot at a height of about 30 cm forks. At the fork a conical bud grows. It grows and opens up a funnel with a diameter of up to 20 cm.

Large, fragrant flowers resemble a lily with five petals. White or purple flowers are located in the brains of the stem singly. The following flowers will appear in 1-2 weeks. The bush is completely covered with flowers closer to the fall, when several flowers bloom every night. Hybrid forms of dope bloom purple, yellow, lilac, cream, purple flowers. Buds open with the onset of the evening and bloom for only one night. At the peak of flowering, open flowers fill the night air with an exotic fragrance.

Datura fruits are egg-shaped boxes with small spines. The internal structure of the box is divided into 4 sections. Each fruit carries about 800 seeds. Rounded grains of black color compressed, incorrectly reniform. They have increased stamina and remain viable for decades.

Flowering begins in July and lasts until the end of September, when frost begins. The fruits ripen in September-October.

The branched rhizome of the rod type is rather long and has white color.

The arrangement of large, toothed leaves on long petioles is regular. The size and shape of the leaves depends on the location. In the radical part, they are already longer, planted on a short petiole. The upper surface of the sheet is velvety, dark green, the inside of the sheet is one tone lighter.

The people of the flower is known by several names: stray grass, henbane, angel tube, dope grass, moon flower. Datura settles in small groups in vacant lots, along roads and along the edges of vegetable gardens.

Kinds

In biology, there are 13 species of dope, with each of them poisonous. The concentration of toxic substances associated with the season and place of growth. There are common, terry and semi-double types. Distribution on the European continent received:


Breeding on the plot

During the flowering period, the dope looks very attractive. Separate varieties of dope gardeners planted in gardens with a decorative purpose, especially since the plant is unpretentious in the care. A flowering is accompanied by the spread of a pleasant aroma with tropical notes, overlapping other odors in the garden.

For full growth and abundant flowering the flower needs a lot of sunlight, regular watering and loose soil. In the shade the plant grows weakly and looks unattractive. The need for moisture is due to increased evaporation through large leaf plates. From the lack of water in the flower leaves and buds fall. The soil should be nutritious, saturated with organic matter. Acid soils are not suitable for cultivation.


During the season, top dressing is carried out every week, alternating between mineral composition and organic matter. Blooming is stimulated by hard water, for example, milk of lime. On the lack of food and moisture indicate unopened tubes of flowers.

Shrubs are transplanted in pots for the winter and placed in a non-residential, bright room with a temperature not higher than + 15 °, otherwise the plant will stretch. Watered rarely. After wintering, when some leaves fall off, pruning is done.

Breeding

For reproduction often use seeds. In the spring they are soaked in hot water for 0.5-1 hours. Then only specimens settled to the bottom are placed in containers with earth. Germination conditions - dark shelter and temperature of 10-12 °. Shoots will appear in 15-30 days. Then they are already kept at t = 25 °. Toward the summer, in the last days of May, seedlings 15 cm high are planted on the site.

You can use the cutting method. For rooting use warm water or a nourishing, moist substrate. Selected cuttings with 2-3 nodes. Cut them immediately under the knot. To accelerate rooting will help the package of film and a warm place. Young leaves will appear in 10 days.

Planting on the site is free, leaving between the bushes about 1 m. Young plants throw flowers in the first year.

Medical use

To use the healing properties of dope-herbs have learned more doctors of ancient Greece. Avicenna described the plant as an excellent drug. Hyoscyamine, contained in henbane, helps to reduce the secretion of sweat and salivary glands, reduces the production of bile and stimulates the activity of the heart muscle.

As part of the henbane, tannins, alkaloids, carotene, oils, trace elements and fats were found. The content of alkaloids in different parts is different. Most of them are concentrated in the foliage and stems.

Pharmacology has established the production of drugs with datura intended for the treatment of:

  1. Bronchitis and Asthma
  2. Gastric and duodenal ulcers
  3. Cholecystitis and colitis
  4. Tachycardia
  5. Neuralgia and Mental Disorders
  6. Rheumatism

Broths are used for rinsing rubbing and enemas. Oily infusion is useful for constipation as an internal remedy. Leaves, powdered, mixed into cigarettes for asthmatics.


In veterinary medicine, henbane removes convulsions in livestock, promotes the growth of fat in pigs.

When treating dope it is important to remember about the dosage and consult with your doctor, so as not to harm health. When self-harvesting medicinal raw materials from dope requires adherence to several rules:

  • The collection is carried out in warm and sunny weather after 10 am.
  • Be sure to use gloves and do not touch the plant with your hands.
  • Can not be dried in a living room or in the oven.

Raw materials are sorted into leaves, flowers and seeds. Use separately and store in a closed container. Shelf life - 2 years.

Adverse effects

Datura has a poisoning effect and should be handled with care. The herb is clearly contraindicated for people with glaucoma. They are even forbidden to be near the landings. It can not be taken during pregnancy and during feeding. It happens that young children are attracted to the boxes of dope-grass. They open them, and the seeds are pushed into the mouth, which causes poisoning.

To act on the body of toxic substances begin quickly. Signs of poisoning are blue lips and mouth, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat and speech disorders. The temperature rises and face swelling appears. In severe cases, convulsions and hallucinations are observed. In the absence of assistance, the respiratory system is blocked and the death of a person is possible.

Long-term use of drugs with dope, in addition to therapeutic effects leads to mental disorders.

Datur on the site

Datura used in landscape design in single and group plantings. It looks spectacular in the background of mixborders. Spreading bushes with eye-catching flowers will be a flower garden decoration and a source of a pleasant smell.
  The Indian species with bright flowers is suitable for pot and container growth.

Degraded plants serve as small fences and successfully fill empty places after perennials blooming in early spring. If you install additional support, then dope tightened to the level of gaze.

See also the video.

This tall herbaceous plant resembles a bush - strong, resistant with thick dark leaves and fragrant flowers in the form of complex original funnels, has a bright appearance and a memorable name - Datura, the Latin name Datura (Datura).

In all nations it is called devilish, witchcraft and magical because of the heady aroma, the ability to cause hallucinations and strong poisonousness.

Grass dope - photo and botanical description

Datura belongs to the family Solanaceae. It can be both one-year and long-term. It grows up to one and a half meters.

The stem is hollow inside, dense and upright, forked and branched. Often has a slight degree of stiffness.

Taproot has many branches. In perennials are very large and voluminous. In annuals, it is often woody to hold heavy shrubs.

Leaves - bright green color, alternate, on the cuttings. Often have a smell that many characterize as unpleasant.

Flowers from 5 to 25 cm, look up, have the appearance of bells. They bloom in nature for 1-2 days; in cultivated species, flowering has been extended to 2-4 days. The color is different - white, mauve, red, cream. Pollinated by night insects or independently. The smell is not strong, pleasant, smell at dusk and at night. Abundant flowering due to the large number of flowers on the bush, continues from early summer to winter.

A fruit - a box with 4 shutters. Large spikes are located on the surface. Seeds are black, brown. During the season, one datura flower can bring about 50 thousand seeds. This helps the dope to have a large area, it is easy to capture new territories.

All types of datur contain alaloids, due to which they are cultivated on an industrial scale. The content of alkaloid substances in the plant increases with the improvement of living conditions almost 3 times.

The flower is widely distributed throughout the world - it grows in the tropics and subtropics. It is believed that a person, through his activities and movements, resettled dope around the world. Practically on every continent there is a kind of dope characteristic of this area, therefore disputes about the homeland of the datura continue.

In folk descriptions of datura-herbs, it is called a “mad potion”, since all parts of the plant are poisonous. Since ancient times, it has eliminated enemies and rivals.

Datura alkaloid poisoning leads to excessive excitation of the nervous system with increased heartbeat, overexcitement, meaningless laughter and pathological activity. They are replaced by apathy, hallucinations, delusions. During sleep, bright visions continue, often of a sexual nature.

Awakening is accompanied by a hangover syndrome and an inability to remember what happened the day before.

If poisoning should drink a lot, take sorbents, it is useful to consult a doctor.

“Devil's Grass”, as Castaneda's flower was called, is widely used in religious and mystical cults all over the world for introduction into trance, zombie.

Consequences and symptoms of poisoning seeds dope, photo:

Types and varieties

Despite its toxicity, the plant is widely cultivated. It is grown on summer cottages and in flower beds. There are many varieties of datur that have a delicate and pleasant smell.

In warm countries around the world, dope is common as a weed, everywhere.

Kinds

Datura ordinary (Datura stramonium) - grows in Russia on soft soils along the roads in the southeast, including the Saratov and Volgograd regions. Loves moisture, under good conditions, reaches 1.5 meters. Flowering occurs in June-August.

Indian Datura (Datura metel) appeared in the north of India, now this species has settled in the wild nature of South America and throughout Asia. The plant is widely grown for commercial purposes due to its high alkaloid content. Leaves contain a large amount of atropine. The main producers are the countries of Africa and India.

Bushes reach 5 meters. Perennial plants live no more than 3 years. The panicle has flowers of yellow, violet and white.

  Indian (Datúra innóxia) - grows in America - Central and South. Very similar to Indian. It has a gray color on the leaves and stem, making the whole plant look grayish. Flowers after full blooming begin to slope down. It blooms until late winter.

Other types of dope:

  • Datura ceratocaula;
  • Datura ferox;
  • Datura wrightii.

For growing in gardens and flower beds use different types of datur. Despite the short period of flowering, the bushes remain beautiful for a long time due to the large number of blooming buds.

The following varieties of datura are cultivated:

  • Datura stramonium f. inermis;
  • Datura metel Fastuosa;
  • Datura Tatul;
  • Datura metel Atrocarmina;
  • Datura metel var rubra form rubra.

Popular varieties in domestic stores are named:

  • White knight;
  • Yellow Knight;
  • Terry giant;
  • Ballerina yellow;
  • Lilac terry;
  • Ballerina Terry.

Varieties of dope Troubadour, Medea (see photo) are not so capricious, easy to plant and care for, have smooth simple flowers.

Breeding

Flower gardens are also decorated with dope, grown on home gardens. The plant is also suitable for decorating winter gardens, it can be grown in greenhouses and apartments. When room dilution should be remembered that he would have to allocate a corner and plant in a large pot.

Seeds

Datura-grass grows everywhere, because it is easily propagated by seeds self-sowing. Cultivars are used for breeding datura at home, but they are also easily bred from seeds.

The plant has a long term germination, which can take 10-30 days. In the southern regions, sowing datures can be carried out in open ground; in the middle lane, seedlings are prepared, as for eggplants and tomatoes. For landing on the street, the soil temperature should reach 18 °.

In mid-March, you need to sow the seeds.

To do this, use the following soil composition:

  • garden soil - 3 parts;
  • humus -2;
  • sand -1.

Before sowing, the usual pest control and germination procedures are carried out. The seed is treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, a fungicide against fungi. You can also fill the seeds with hot water to accelerate germination.

Seeds are buried 0.5 cm in moist soil, which needs to be covered with foil or paper to provide heat, retain moisture and increase germination. Excess moisture for seeds is harmful, but it should be moderately wet all the time.

Some prefer to wait for the seeds to spill in water or a damp rag, and only then they are sent to the soil. Dive seedlings after the appearance of 2-3 of these leaves.

Seedlings are planted in the ground, when the threat of frost has passed, usually in late May - June. The root neck is not buried. We must not forget that the bushes in the dope are large - the distance between plants is 0.5-1 m.

With a significant decrease in temperature, cover the seedlings with a film and transfer the pots to the room.

Planting seed datura seedlings video:

Cuttings

Reproduction by grafting does not pose any difficulty - the roots appear quickly. Cuttings measuring 15–20 cm in size are cut from the bush, placed in water at the end of summer, and they wait for the roots to grow. After that they are planted in pots.

Datura winters indoors, at the beginning of summer it is transferred to the ground.

Cultivation and care

Planting and caring for dope do not require much work and do the power of any grower, even inexperienced. Datura grows well on compost heaps in loose, moist soil.

Basic rules for growing:

  1. Regular watering. In hot weather, watered daily, in cool - every other day. Only in this case, flowering will be abundant. For watering need hard water with excess calcium to form the ovary.
  2. During periods of high humidity and lower temperatures, watering is stopped to prevent infection by the fungus.
  3. Withered flowers need to be removed so that the dope does not spend strength on seed ripening, but produces new buds.
  4. If you need seeds, you should leave the first flowers. To prevent the dispersion of seeds from ripened boxes, it must be fixed with gauze.
  5. Fertilizing is carried out every 1-2 weeks in turn organic and mineral fertilizers. With a strong oxidation of the soil can be treated with lime milk.
  6. Datura loves sunny open spaces and is not afraid of burns. With a lack of light, flowering is reduced, the bush is drawn out and lengthened.
  7. Old shoots, on which the buds are no longer formed, and all the flowers wilted, need to be cut.

What should be remembered when growing: Datura - a poisonous plant. It is dangerous to people and pets. With small children who are interested in flowers and are pulling in their mouths, it is necessary to observe increased measures of caution. It may be worth choosing in this case other ways to decorate the plot.

All parts of a plant are poisonous - leaves, seeds, roots, flowers. If the juice gets on the skin, wash it well with soap and water. The consequences of poisoning are very unpleasant.

Wintering

In our latitudes, it is not possible to winter the plant in the open field. If you do not want to plant seeds every year, you can keep the plant in a pot indoors. To do this, the bush in the early autumn is well pruned and transplanted into a large pot.

In winter, the plant is watered no more than once a week, feeding dope is not necessary. Recommended temperature content not exceeding 20 °. Experienced flower growers advise in April-May to conduct cuttings, plant not only the bush itself, but also young seedlings from cuttings.

If the plant has dropped the seeds, the next year we should expect seedlings that turned out to be self-sowing.

Diseases, pests

Most pests bypass the dope side.

The plant in conditions of high temperatures and lack of surface watering and spraying can strike:

  • spider mite;
  • whitefly.

Enough one-time treatment of bushes means type Aktopit or simple soapy water.

At high humidity infection can occur fungus that can destroy the bush. It is necessary to reduce watering, to ensure the drying of the earthy coma and to treat the soil and the plant with a fungicide.

The use of datura in landscape design

Shrubs of any type of datura have a beautiful appearance due to a combination of bright juicy greens and large flowers. Abundant flowering for a long time makes the plant a real decoration of the site.

Datur planted on the lawn and in pots that can be transferred to the right place. Curtains make out saplings of different coloring for creation of a bed.

Good-looking dope in the composition. Choosing the right combination of different varieties of plants will keep the flowerbed in a constantly flowering state.

Datur planted next to the early flowers - daffodils, tulips, which by the time of active growth and blooming buds already fade.

Planting bushes along the path is not worth it because of its poisonousness. It is better to deepen the plant inside the site, the lawn.

Good looking plants on the background of shrubs - lilac, hydrangea, jasmine. Before datura, low grassy flowers — cornflowers, marigolds, and creeping herbs — look good.

Some varieties of datura with terry, large, beautifully colored flowers can decorate places of rest with constant flowering without any decoration.

Datura flowers, photo:

Where to buy seeds of dope ordinary?

Seeds ripen almost 2 months after bud formation. Buying datura seeds is easier than growing them yourself. They are sold in seed stores, large retail chains to the beginning of the planting season.

Order seeds Datura via the Internet can be in stores: The first seeds, Semenapost, and others.

The cost of 4-5 dope seeds with beautiful double flowers is 20-70 rubles.

Cultivation of datur at home and in the open field is an interesting and easy task. The danger of the plant is only for children. The long flowering period, beautiful greens, resistant strong bushes that do not require a garter, make the dope a real find for all florist.

Instructions for use:

Datura ordinary (stinky dope, foolish potion, foolishness, divderevo, prickly apples, stray grass, bodyacon, badura, stupefying grass, cocklebur) is a poisonous annual herb having an unpleasant smell, from the genus Durmann of the Solanaceae family. The genus includes 25 species of plants, whose homeland is the tropics and subtropics. Datura ordinary - the only species that grows in the south and in the middle zone of the European part of Russia, in the North Caucasus and the Crimea, rarely - in the northern regions. It has analgesic, antispasmodic and anticholinergic properties.

Chemical composition

In all parts of the plant contain alkaloids, mainly atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine: in the roots - 0.12–0.27%, in the stems - 0.06–0.24%, in the leaves - 0.23–0.37%, in flowers - 0.13–1.9%, in seeds - 0.08–0.22%.

The leaves, in addition, contain: essential oil (up to 0.04%), tannins (1.7%) and carotene (up to 0.1%).

Beneficial features

Properties dope ordinary due to the antispasmodic and anticholinergic action of alkaloids.

Indications for use

As a poisonous and medicinal plant, dope ordinary has long been known. Already in the Middle Ages, leaves of stray grass were used in Europe as a painkiller.

For therapeutic purposes, mainly used leaves dope. Preparations based on them are used in diseases of the respiratory tract, accompanied by spasm of the muscles of the bronchi. Leaves include anti-asthma charges for smoking, as well as anti-asthma medications such as Astmol and Astmatin.

Datura ordinary oil is included in the composition of liniments intended for grinding with neuralgia and rheumatism.

Preparations of grass leaves have a calming effect on the central nervous system, reduce the secretion of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

In folk medicine in various countries of the world, coons are used in nervous and mental diseases, neuralgia, epilepsy, shortness of breath, convulsive cough, persistent hiccups, whooping cough, acute and chronic rheumatism, spasm of the stomach and intestines, partial prolapse of the uterus and colon, excessive sexual desire in women. and priapism in men, mastitis, tumors.

Contraindications

  • glaucoma;
  • pregnancy;
  • breastfeeding period;
  • individual hypersensitivity to the plant.

Datura ordinary - poisonous plant, and all parts are poisonous, and especially the seeds.

Do not abuse the drugs crazy grass, since overdose can cause severe poisoning. Its symptoms are: dryness of the oral mucosa, severe thirst, headache, dilated pupils, unrelated speech, motor agitation, rapid pulse, hallucinations, hyperemia of the skin of the face and neck, hoarseness of the voice, possible coma. Help in poisoning: gastric lavage with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), administration of adsorbing agents, morphine, anticholinesterase and cholinomimetic drugs (prozerin, ezerin, pilocarpine), symptomatic therapy.

Homemade medicine from the dope ordinary

  • tincture of convulsive cough: crush the seeds, mix with 70% alcohol in a ratio of 1: 5, for 14 days to insist. Take 2 drops, stirred in 1 tbsp. l water, 4–5 times a day, preferably before meals;
  • sessile trays recommended for rectal prolapse: 20 g of dried leaves pour 1 cup boiling water, insist for 1 hour, dilute with a bucket of warm boiled water and mix, insist for 1 hour in a warm place;
  • remedy for epilepsy, depression, nymphomania: 1 drop of juice dope dilute 2 tbsp. l water. Take 3 times a day;
  • tincture from convulsions, excessive drowsiness, spasms, neuralgia, asthma, convulsive cough and whooping cough: 2 tbsp. l medicinal raw materials pour 1 cup boiling water, boil for 5 minutes in a water bath. Inhale through the nose a pair of infusion for 15–20 minutes;
  • agent used for mastitis and tumors: 1 tbsp. l tincture of seed dope diluted with 100 ml of water. Use in the form of lotions;
  • decoction of rheumatism: 30 g of dried and crushed leaves pour 10 liters of cold water, bring to a boil, boil a little over low heat, cool and strain. Broth must be added to the bathroom, filled with hot water. Take a bath every other day for 15 minutes, the course of treatment is 20 days.

Datura (lat. Datura) is a genus of plants of the family Solanaceae (Solanaceae). Large grasses, rarely found trees. At present, a number of species that previously belonged to daturats have been divided into an independent genus - herbaceous plants with bell-shaped flowers growing downwards. These are Brugmansia arborea, B. aurea, B. sanguinea, B. suaveolens, B. versicolor, B. vulcanicola, and their hybrids are B. x insignis, B. x candida. These species do not rarely go on sale under the name Datura.

The genus dope now includes only herbaceous plants with upwardly growing (and not downward like those of Brugmansia) bell-shaped flowers naturally growing in the warm climate of predominantly America, as well as Asia and Europe.

Types of Datura Datura ordinary In the European part of Russia (in the middle and southern strip), the Datura stramonium (Datura stramonium) is found on vacant lots, ruins, uncultivated fields, near dwellings, in vegetable gardens and weedy places. This plant is called “prickly apple” or “prickly cucumber”, because its round fruits are really covered with numerous prickles.

This is a means of protection that prevents them from being eaten by herbivores. In addition, all parts of the plant are very poisonous. The toxin produced by its cells has a strong analgesic (can be used in surgery). That is why the dope ordinary previously cultivated in the pharmaceutical gardens as a medicinal plant. From there, it spread throughout Europe, and its feral form can be found almost everywhere, where there is fertile soil. Extensive thickets of dope are widespread in the south of Western Siberia, in the Caucasus, Ukraine, and in Central Asia.
  The root system is pivotal, branched, powerful. The stem is erect, fork-branched, bare, 50-120 cm tall. The leaves are alternate, ovate, petiolate, dark green above, lighter below. The flowers are large, placed alone in the forks of the stem, have a strong heady smell. The corolla is white. The fruit is an egg-shaped multi-seed four-leaf boll, covered with spines on the outside.
  When ripe, the box cracks. Seeds are black, dull, round-kidney. In one box may contain 500-800 pcs. seeds.

The fecundity of one plant - 25-45,5 thousand seeds. Fresh seeds germinate only in dry years. Seeds germinate from a depth of no more than 10-12 cm. The minimum germination temperature is 10-12, the optimum is 24-28 ° C.

This powerful annual plant attracts with its beautiful flowers, the shape of which in religious symbols is used as a protective sign against dark forces. Fragrant pentahedral beaters have wide-triangular curved blades, tapering into a thin point. A narrow long corolla tube reaches a length of 5-10 cm, five stamens look out from there. A flower is visited with pleasure by bees, persistently attracted by a smell. Datura flowers look great at night.

Datura Cultivation

  When grown in a garden, the dope feels best on a compost or dung heap. If the soil conditions are favorable (the land should be loose and rich in nutrients), it will spread self-sowing. Sometimes the seeds germinate in the fall, and the seedlings safely tolerate not very cold weather. After a harsh winter, the remaining seeds germinate again in March-April. Artificial sowing is best done in April-May. The flowering phase begins in July and lasts until September. Flowers usually have white corollas.
  In the ordinary dope there are several variations.

Datura stramonium var. tatula has a very beautiful lilac-blue flower color.

Datura stramonium f. inermis is in high demand because its fruits are devoid of thorns (inermis means “unarmed” in translation).

Indian Datura - Datura metel

In ornamental gardening, Indian dope (Datura metel) is most often grown, the rest are rare. Perennial herbaceous plant up to 1.5 m tall, strongly branching. Leaves petiolate, large, plate asymmetric, edge solid or slightly wavy. Flowers with a white corolla. Corollas dope can reach 20 cm in length. Flowers are always directed vertically upwards like candles. In varietal forms, they can be not only white, but also purple, violet and yellow. In the variety Flore Pleno, the flowers have a terry purple perianth, dotted with white spots. The leaves, stems, flowers and roots of the dope are poisonous. Despite the fact that its shoots can reach a length of 1.5 m, in countries with a temperate climate, they grow much shorter, especially when planted in containers. The fruit is a spherical box with soft spikes, which is opened by irregular cracks. Seeds are bright yellow.

In central Russia, grown as a seasonal annual. Seeds are sown indoors in March-April or directly into the open ground in May, choosing warm sunny places for this. The plant is very unpretentious and needs only loose nutrient soil. The flowering phase begins three weeks after sowing.

  The beauty of the plant is treacherous, a terrible property is hidden behind it - poisonousness, treat it carefully, in any case do not eat it.

  “Mad Potion” is the popular name for the dope given to this member of the nightshade family for its poison. The Russian name has been given a poisoning dose of dope that causes delirium, fantastic hallucinations, which the people have received the name "intoxicating." When poisoning by this plant comes nervous excitement, which can lead to mental disorder if time does not take action.
  Datura well justifies its name: seed oil, if rubbed into whiskey, causes bizarre visions and hallucinations, stupefies the mind. For centuries, people have used dope. The people still called him: crazy grass, watery, stinky, body thistle, grass of sorcerers, grass of the devil.

Datura homeland

  Dope actively traded, exchanged, carrying it around the world. And now they can only assume where he came from. There are two versions of the origin of these plants.
  The first is Mexico and Central America, and then it was brought to Europe along with other nightshade.
  The second version states that the dope came from the Caspian steppes, and then came to Europe in the Middle Ages, along with the Gypsies.
  But still, more inclined to the first version.
  Now dope grows on a vast territory of Europe and Asia, in America - in countries in the temperate zone of the earth. In our countries, common dope common or stinky dope (Datura stramonium) is most common: in the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan, Volgograd, Samara regions), in the Crimea, Western Siberia, in Ukraine and the Caucasus. It grows in deposits near housing, in landfills, littered places, along river banks, along roads, in gardens and vegetable gardens.

Datura - medicinal raw materials

  Medicinal raw materials are leaves collected during flowering, tops and seeds. In the fall of the ripe bolls receive seeds. In addition to alkaloids and a small amount of tannins, the seed contains up to 25% fatty oil. Collect all kinds of raw materials with extreme caution, not involving the collection of children.
In order to fully satisfy the pharmacologists' need for medicinal raw materials, this plant is grown in the Krasnodar Territory, the Crimea, Ukraine, and Moldova. Artificial cultures are laid by sowing seeds directly into the prepared soil. Datura leaves contain alkaloids (up to 0.37%), mainly hyoscyamine, atropine and scopolamine, essential oil smelling strongly of tobacco (up to 0.04%), carotene (up to 0.1%), tannins (up to 1.7 %) and macronutrients (mg / g): K-37.60, Ca-31.10, Mg-7.00, Fe-0.35; trace elements: Mn-0.26, Cu-0.56, Zn-0.93, Co-0.11, Mo-72.00, Cr-0.10, A1-0.15, Ba-15.23, Se-4,10, Ni-0,10, Sr-2,18, Pb - 0.09, 1-0.45. It concentrates dope ordinary Zn, Sr, Mo, Ba, Se, B, especially Mo, Ba, Se.

Datura application

  Dosage forms of atropine sulfate, isolated from datura, are used in gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pylorospasm, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, intestinal and urinary spasms, with hepatic and renal colic, bronchial asthma, in ophthalmology. The toxin produced by the dope cells has a strong anesthetic and can be used in surgery. Datura ordinary part of the aerosol Efatin, used in chronic diseases of the respiratory system (bronchial asthma, acute bronchitis), in the composition of cigarettes Astmatin, Astmatol, used in bronchial asthma.
  Datura is the strongest hallucinogen, but nevertheless, it is widely used (both earlier and now) in folk and classical medicine.

Datura leaves are used as:

Smoking powder and anti-asthma cigarettes
  - as tincture, extract

From the seeds obtained tincture, which is part of anti-asthma drops.

The pharmaceutical industry produces a number of drugs dope: collection of anti-asthma, asthmatol, asthmatin, dope oil.
  One of the pharmacological properties of alkaloids contained in the dope is the antispasmodic effect on the pulmonary muscles. Alkaloids affect the organs of internal secretion, reducing the amount of mucus in the lungs. Therefore, it is an ideal anti-asthma drug.
  Datura preparations are used as an antispasmodic in bronchial asthma, spastic cough, neuralgia, seizures, hysteria, spastic speech disorders.

In folk medicine in small doses, dope is used for persistent cough, convulsions, shortness of breath, gout, ear pain, nervous disorders, intractable skin diseases, rheumatism, migraine.
Water decoction from a dope with abdominal pain, heart diseases, female diseases, absence of menstruation, white hair, cold, cough, whooping cough, insomnia, and nervous disorders helps very well.

Datura - contraindications

  Datura ordinary contains alkaloids scopolamine, hyoscyamine, atropine. Drugs should be used only on prescription and very limited due to the possibility of poisoning.
  Symptoms: dry skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, hoarseness, thirst, nausea, vomiting, nervous agitation up to a violent state, fantastic hallucinations as they say - “intoxicating”), frequent, irregular pulse, in more severe cases - convulsions develop and the pupil's reaction to light disappears.
  The time of the development of symptoms of poisoning can vary quite significantly - from 10 minutes to 15 hours. When treating, the symptoms of poisoning disappear within 1-2 days, but pupil dilation can last for a week or more.

The impact of dope on animals and insects

  Modern scientists have observed how the moths, saturated with the nectar of the nightshirts that bloom at night, lost their orientation; however, they continued to return to these plants again and again to receive another portion of the drug. Hummingbirds also use dope and, after swallowing narcotic nectar, randomly flapping their wings like drunk, and then fall into a stupor and lie like dead for several hours.

Some animals are not affected by the dope.
  Beetles have a biochemical defense against the poison of some drug-containing plants.
  Ants have the same abilities and are able to recognize them among other plants. Often, having studied these or other seeds, they leave without touching them.
  Not subject to the effects of drugs and bees.

Legends of dope

  American writer Carlos Castaneda in his book calls dope "the grass of the devil." He's writing:
"The devil's grass is like a woman, and just like a woman, she flatters men and at the same time sets traps at every step." Datura seeds are distinguished by a rare endurance, they do not lose their germination sometimes even if they have lain for nearly half a century. But still, the most mysterious and magical aura is surrounded by a dope Indian. It is surrounded by various legends. Some are beautiful, others are not. In India, the dope was believed to be a sprout growing out of the chest of the god Shiva. Sometimes he was called a brush that adorns his headdress. Priestess dancers in temples drank wine with pounded seeds of dope, and falling into a state of obsession gave answers to all the questions asked. And the adherents of the sinister cult of Kali, the goddess of death and destruction, made narcotic from the leaves of datura, watered people with it, and then abducted them and sacrificed them.

The Chinese believed that the dew drops on the petals of the dope were materialized Buddha’s sermons that fell from heaven. And according to the Taoist legend, it is believed that the dope is a flower of one of the polar stars. The messengers from this star can always be recognized by this sign - in their hands they will carry the flowers of this plant.

Magic dope

  Datura has long been used by magicians and sorcerers.

As a miracle medicinal plant, poison, or the strongest hallucinogen.
  The Aztecs laid its seeds on the altars, the Indian sorcerers used the narcotic effect of dope for mass visions. Witches of medieval Europe produced their ointments, adding juice and crushed parts of belladonna and dope to them. Rubbing these ointments into their bodies, the sorceresses flew on Sabbaths, met devils.

Lee Shih-chen, in the 16th century describes:
  Traditionally it is believed that if a person laughed while collecting these flowers, the drink to which they are added will cause a desire to laugh; flowers, which have broken the crying, when used, will cause the desire to cry, and if the people who collected the plants danced, then the drink will also cause the desire to start dancing; I found that the desires that a person who is in a man-to-lo-hua state befuddled with can be transmitted to him by other people.

And on the islands of the Caribbean, our usual dope was known as “herbe aux sorciers” - grass of sorcerers and “concombre-zombi” - zombie cucumber.

These names indicate a rather scary area of ​​application for dope - zombies. Usually, criminals were zombyuli on which other penalties have not acted in any way. And the ancient sorcerers turned them into zombies. They are a potion, one of the main components of which is a dope, watered the criminal. As a result, the person fell into a coma, completely losing physical and mental sensitivity.
  The reflexes and consciousness were absent, and the criminal was declared dead. Then there was a funeral, and none of the common people guessed that after three days the “deceased” was dug out and given a second drink to “initiate” it. And the soulless body was completely controlled by the sorcerer.

In European cities, the seeds of the dope were thrown on hot coals, breathed over them and fell into a state of bliss. To protect against curses, evil spirits should be sprayed infusion plants around the house. If you are tormented by insomnia, put the dope leaves in your shoes and put it under the bed with your toes toward the nearest wall. Leaves dope, put in a hat, will protect against sun and apoplexy.
  The leaves of the dope make it possible to free asthmatic astral body when it is exhaled.
  A torn plant in a garbage place will be a superstrong assistant to those who know the spell-key to it. The plant is dried, hidden in a canvas small bag. If with this bag the magician touches the person, he will be bad for everyone and smelly. And no matter what creams and fragrances those who have touched themselves try to lubricate themselves, the smell will be like from rotten meat. So dope can be not only useful and medicinal. This plant has great magical properties used in various fields. And with this plant you need to be very careful.