In recent times, the construction of residential cottages is gaining popularity using technology known in the regions. These are combined houses of stone and wood. Projects with a garage and utility rooms, foundation options and a variety of modern materials make it possible to build a full-fledged two-story house.

The advantages of the old building technology

Initially, stone and wood (projects and incarnations) appeared in the Alpine mountains. Firstly, solely for practical purposes, the bottom, laid out of cobblestones, which in the highlands is always enough. Secondly, only the walls of stone in contact with winter snow does not face excessive moisture and destruction. Traditionally, the first floor was set aside for household needs, and residential premises were located on the second. The upper tier was built of wood, which retains heat well. There were bedrooms, guest rooms and other living spaces.

Such methods of construction, projects of houses, combined from stone and wood, were widely used by merchants in the cities of pre-revolutionary Russia. A warehouse with goods and a store were located in the lower one, while the family lived on the upper, more comfortable floor. This ensured not only comfortable living, but also the preservation of valuable property in the event of a fire.

How to make the old house new, spacious and modern

Reconstruct and increase the area of ​​the old, but good-quality cottage can not only extension of the outbuildings. Projects of houses combined from stone and wood give a chance to modernize the dwelling, increasing the number of floors of the building and maintaining the lower walls. It is important to adhere to a specific sequence in the use of materials: the upper structures should be lighter than the lower ones. It is recommended to use the following pairs:

  • stone or brick + solid log or timber;
  • wood + frame floor;
  • monolith + CIP panel.

One of the most important requirements that must be met by the projects of houses combined from stone and wood is the correct joining of the lower and upper tiers. The location of the supporting walls of both floors must necessarily be the same. Otherwise, the operation of the structure does not avoid unpleasant consequences. When joining exterior walls of different materials, it is important to ensure reliability, vapor barrier and insulation of transitions.

How to replace traditional materials

Combined houses of stone and wood, the projects of which are offered by construction companies, are now being built in different climatic zones. Given the characteristics of the soil, select the type of foundation: belt or pile. Instead of stone, brick, foam concrete, wood concrete or porous ceramic blocks are being used.

For reasons of budget saving, the whole log is replaced with a glued bar or CIP panels.

Arranging in the basement garage, boiler room or kitchen, bedrooms, bathrooms, children's rooms and other living spaces are traditionally placed above them: it is also more comfortable, warmer and more comfortable.

What additional benefits does Alpine technology have?

Construction of a two-story cottage is expensive. Virtually all combined stone and wood houses (projects, photos, real buildings) are an example of how you can cut costs. In addition to cost savings, this technology has several advantages:

  1. Walls of wood, raised to a height, overhangs of the roof are protected from moisture of natural precipitation.
  2. Increasing the usable area of ​​the building is possible with a real reduction in costs.
  3. Projects of houses combined from stone and wood enable their inhabitants to live cool in summer and warm in winter.
  4. The first, more difficult, floor provides the structure with fire safety and stability, the second - an abundance of light, fresh air and environmental friendliness.
  5. The original and beautiful appearance of the structure.

The use of combinations of modern building materials and the described rules for the construction of an Alpine chalet make it possible to build a beautiful, comfortable and beautiful apartment house according to an old, time-tested technology.

As the name suggests, in the article we will cover not only the projects of combined houses of brick and timber. Its subject matter is wider - a combination of different materials in private housing construction. So go ...

Combined materials

Let's start with the cases when two different materials are combined in one structural element.

Beam from OSB

The shape of an I-beam is designed to provide maximum rigidity with respect to a bending load directed in a certain direction. With a much smaller material consumption, it is practically no different in strength from the solid bar of the corresponding section.

However, if any form can be molded from metal, then the economic feasibility of producing an I-beam from a solid bar is doubtful: yes, we will ease the design, but most of the quality wood will go to waste.

One of the solutions is a glued construction from a strip of oriented strand board and two bars of small section. OSB provides bending stiffness, and the bar - easy installation.

Note: in addition, the bars do not allow the GSP band to curl under load.

The basis of the overlap - a combined I-beam.

SIP panels

Another example of a very successful combination of dissimilar materials is a vulture panel. If in the frame house the skin is devoid of load-bearing functions and rigidity is ensured, then the two layers of OSB and the layer of extruded polystyrene foam glued together represent a rigid structure. Notice - a design with excellent bearing capacity.

The advantages of building material are quite numerous:

  • Low price. The panel is more expensive than a set of two plates of OSB and insulation; but we significantly save on the frame.
  • Easy do-it-yourself installation. The instructions for assembling the wall are ridiculously simple: it is enough to insert a timber into the grooves of the ends of the adjacent panels and pull the OSB to it with screws. Additional reliability and tightness of the connection are provided by pre-foaming.
  • Structural strength. The practice of using houses in regions with frequent hurricane winds has shown that they endure a riot of elements without fatal destruction.
  • In contrast to the frame structures.
  • Excellent thermal insulation quality. Of course, the statement that the house of the vulture panels can be heated with a pair of candles is fiction. However, the consumption of thermal energy to maintain a constant temperature in the structure actually decreases from 100 to 35-40 watts per square meter considered as standard.

Combined timber

This material is in some way a development of the idea of ​​vulture panels, adapted to the aesthetics of wooden architecture. The combined glued laminated timber is two lamellas of high-quality wood of low humidity with an interlayer of extruded polystyrene foam glued between them.

The usual glued laminated timber and combined timber are markedly different in properties in favor of the latter:

  • Combined much cheaper. The difference in price reaches a third: after all, the foamed polymer is much cheaper than high-grade wood, especially considering the cost of drying and processing it.
  • He is easier. The density of expanded polystyrene is much lower than the density of any wood, not excluding light spruce, pine and cedar. On the practical side, the lower weight of each crown means not only simpler installation, but also less load on the foundation. So, you can save on it too.
  • Finally, the main thing: and here we get much better thermal insulation, which allows to do without additional wall insulation and significantly save on heating.

Combined buildings

Brick or wood? This question does not give rest to far from the first generation of independent builders. There are many convincing arguments in favor of both decisions.

Brick virtues

  • The masonry is extremely durable. In a brick house you can not be afraid of unauthorized penetration from the outside (at least through the walls); he is not afraid of hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters. Even a flood in a brick house will force only to dry the walls, but a timber or log will most likely lead.
  • Brick wall is a solid foundation for massive upper floors. In this case, the builder does not need to worry if the mass of the floors will not become exorbitant for load-bearing walls.

Advantages of timber

In favor of the construction beam, you can bring not less arguments:

  • He has much better insulating qualities. With the same thermal resistance of the wall, you can make it 2.5 - 3 times thicker.

  • Construction will be much faster: after all, the structural element has a much larger linear dimensions.

It should be clarified: we are talking about the construction of a dry timber. The material of the so-called natural moisture requires at least half a year of preservation for shrinkage.

  • The walls have excellent vapor and air permeability. In a wooden house there is no stuffy or damp.
  • Finally, wood is simply a very beautiful material. Glued or profiled timber due to high-quality surface treatment may well become an independent design element.

Decision

The solution to the problem of choice can be quite simple: the combined houses of brick and timber are buildings in which the walls from the foundation to the floor are built of brick, and above the floor - wooden or reinforced concrete - is made completed.

In the photo - a combined house under construction.

As a rule, there is a functional division of the floors:

  • In the brick part of the building there are a garage, a dining room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a sauna and other premises of a purely functional and technical purpose.
  • Bedrooms and recreation area - living room, children, etc. - migrate inside the wooden part of the house.

What is the result?

  • The combined house of timber and brick is not afraid of flooding. In any case, the damage from them will be incomparable with the scale of damage in an all-wood house.
  • Brick walls can be a reliable basis for monolithic or slab reinforced concrete floors, which in a number of parameters is more convenient than any flooring on wooden beams.
  • At the same time, the inhabitants of the house are provided with maximum comfort: they have all the advantages of a wooden structure.

Conclusion

As usual, the video in this article will demonstrate equally useful information on a specified topic. Successes in construction!

What could be better than a natural building material? This question can be considered rhetorical. At the thought of natural wood immediately comes to mind. She has unique qualities that can not be repeated in the laboratory. But do not forget about the natural stone. Its strength and resistance to various influences is striking. The natural stone is the excellent decision for construction of the base. Why not combine them in one building? How this can be done will be discussed in the article.

What is the advantage

Model of combined houses, where the main materials are wood and stone is not new. Initially, this decision was applied in the Alpine mountains. And this is true, because all the building material was at hand. Stones were used for the construction of the base. From it could also be laid out and the first floor, which was used as a storage room for various utensils. Due to heavy snowfalls, the ground floor was often covered with snow, but thanks to the stone there was no detrimental effect on the structure. On the second floor in the house were the rooms of the inhabitants. The wood kept warm well, so even strong winds were not terrible. Guided by this information it is easy to highlight the positive aspects in relation to the combined buildings:

  • high strength;
  • durability;
  • good thermal insulation;
  • resistance to various weather conditions;
  • availability of material.

When choosing a combined option, it is also important to know about the disadvantages of this structure:

  • high cost of the project;
  • certain difficulty of erection;
  • the need for quality insulation;
  • the need for insulation basement.

It is worth saying that in modern construction, instead of natural stone, various types of blocks can be used in combined variants, and natural stone serves as a lining for them. The cost of such a combined structure is much higher if compared with a frame house, but it is superior in strength. The construction of the combined building requires a special and attentive approach to detail, only in this case, the best way to combine wood and stone. It should be not only practical, but also attractive. The building block needs warming. If this is not done, then significant heat loss will occur through it. Wood must be separated from the building blocks by waterproofing. In the absence of it, the support beams may rot, leading to destruction.

How not to build

The wrong way to combine different building materials can significantly reduce their lifespan. For example, in some cases, the developer offers to perform a partial or complete lining of a brick building using wooden wall paneling. From an aesthetic point of view, this is an interesting decision, but from a practical point of view, many points will have to be taken into account and the wood treated in a special way so that it is not subjected to putrefactive processes. There have been cases where there was not enough clearance between the brickwork and the wood cladding. Due to the different coefficient of expansion, cracks and deformations appeared in the wood.

Facing a wooden structure is also not always a good idea. If the building is assembled from round timber, then there is no need for such facing. With respect to frame houses, it is important to be attentive. Partial lining is allowed, since it can bring a zest to the project, but it is simply impossible to complete a full lining with stone. It has a significant weight, which is not designed walls, as well as the foundation.

Historical background

In the best way to build a combined building will allow an understanding of what they were originally. Special attention was paid to the roof. In the combined house, she was necessarily pitched and flat. The tilt angle was small to reduce windage and reduce wind load. The rafter system was massive, and additional stones were placed on top of the flooring that held it. In the original houses, which are called chalets, the roof had a large removal of the overhang of the roof. In some cases, it reached three meters. This was done in order to achieve two goals:

  • protect the wooden part of the house;
  • collect more snow.

The large overhang of the combined house perfectly protected its wooden part from the effects of precipitation. With constant contact with moisture and water, wood loses its shape and can crack. In addition, in rainy weather under such slopes could do certain things. In summer, a wide overhang protected residents from the scorching sun. A large overhang also increases the area of ​​the roof itself. The bigger it is, the more snow you can hold on it. Snow serves as a natural insulator that reduces heat loss through the roof. The attic floor in the combined chalets has always been residential.

Note!This approach can also be used in modern construction of combined houses where climatic conditions permit. Under a wide overhang, for example, you can organize a terrace.

Roofing in the classic version of the combined house acted wooden tiles. It was made from wood of aspen, cedar, larch or oak. Fixing elements made to the truss system with wooden nails. Such a flooring for a combined house could be easily made by yourself. A plus was the simplicity of the repair, as well as excellent noise isolation. From modern materials the soft bituminous tile will become excellent replacement. It can be chosen to match the general structure, which will allow not to disturb the harmony.

One of the remarkable features of the house, which is made by a method of combining materials, is a wide balcony. From above, it was closed with a visor and was a continuation of the second floor. Wooden piles served as a support for him. A similar approach can be applied in modern combined houses. A good solution would also be the use of French windows, which will erase the line between the room of the room and nature.

Ready projects

An interesting realized project of a combined house of stone and wood can be seen in the photo above. The basis of the combined house is exactly natural stone, not a modern block. This approach made it possible to perfectly fit the house in the landscape. The natural height was chosen as the construction site of the combined house, therefore the garage was realized from below, the entrance to which was also lined with natural stone. The stone is also present in a fragmentary finish, which made it possible to erase the boundary between stone and wood. The roof is tiled, and the overhangs are made with sufficient removal.

The photo above shows another interesting project of a cottage combined house. This version of the combined structure will look great outside the city. The lower part of the building is fragmentary trimmed with stone, and the upper one is assembled from a bar. In front of the entrance there is a large terrace, and on the second floor there is a balcony, which is closed from precipitation by overhangs. The basis of the combined building is a strip foundation, and the terrace is installed on a columnar. This reduces costs and does not lose in strength.

Above is another version of the combined house. Its peculiarity is that it already resembles a chalet, and a Russian hut. The wooden part of the combined house is made of rounded timber. This managed to achieve excellent thermal insulation in a combined building. For the windows of the combined house, plastic profile frames are used, which are lamination. The foundation of the house is tape-recessed and outside is trimmed with stone. The materials are in perfect harmony with soft tile.

The combined building that can be seen in the photo above is presented in a modern minimalist design. Its upper part is built in a frame way, which made it possible to reduce the load on the first floor.

This project is an example of a combination in the decoration of the facade. The combined building is built of wooden beams. The slopes of the roof have a small angle and wide overhangs. The corner of the house and plinth are trimmed with natural stone. Its a bit, so it does not exert much pressure on the walls. On the first and second floor of the combined building, French windows are installed, which occupy the entire height of the wall.

This combined house project is an excellent example of how you can beautifully combine two different building materials. As you can see, the combined house is built on frame technology. Its first floor is decorated with natural stone. The pillars on which a part of the combined building is supported are also covered with natural stone. Above there is a large terrace where you can sunbathe.

In this project, everything is thought out to the smallest detail and perfectly combined. Under the upper terrace of the combined house is a recreation area, which is well protected from rain. The site near the first floor of the combined house is filled with concrete, it does not protrude above ground level, which makes it possible to eliminate abrupt transitions. Natural stone is present not only at the lower level, but also it can be seen on the chimney and on the part of the second floor. Finishing the roof is very similar to the one that was used in the classic version of the chalet. Video about the project of the combined house is below.

Summary

As you can see, the combined house fits perfectly into nature. They can be built at the edge of the forest or near the reservoir. With proper design and approach to the construction of a combined building, it provides comfort and warmth even in severe frosts. The microclimate inside the combined structure is balanced. This is due to the fact that natural materials are vapor-permeable, which does not prevent partial air exchange. But this does not exclude the need to equip the structure with a good ventilation system.

Today, people who plan to build a residential building may notice that there are a lot of building options. The house from a brick and a bar enjoys popularity among owners of private sites. It is not surprising, because such buildings have a number of weighty advantages that indicate that such buildings have the right to life.

  Variant of the project of a combined brick and timber house

  The construction of the house with a large attic



Popular as the projects of the combined houses from a brick and a bar, and a facing of wooden houses a brick. Both options are quite worthy to find their place in the territories of private sectors. Before you finally make a bet on such a structure, you need to familiarize yourself with the advantages of such structures.
  First of all, the choice of such buildings is chosen by people who are tired of the banality, and they want something fundamentally new. In fact, the combined houses quite recently began to appear in the territories of private sectors.

  An example of finishing the first floor decorative brick




  That is why not everyone heard about such constructions, but units saw them in reality. Everything new is attractive and interesting. Therefore it is necessary to pay tribute to the architects, as well as to thoroughly study all the features of such structures.

The combined house is most often chosen by people who:


These are just some of the factors that become key when choosing such structures.
  People who chose the option and in the same building are satisfied with the result of their work or the work of the construction company.

What are the advantages of the combined houses of brick and timber

Read also

Projects of houses and cottages in the style of chalets

What materials are chosen for such buildings?

It is necessary to understand what kind of raw materials used for the construction of combined houses.
  Like any building material, timber has several varieties.

  Design and construction of the combined building




   Depending on the requirements and wishes of the owner of a private site, you can choose the following types of timber:

Profiled

These bars are very tight to each other. Therefore, this material does not require additional processing and grinding.

  Scheme with the size and connection of the profiled bar

  Existing lock options for profiled timber
   That is, this option is ideal if you want not to make great efforts for the completed type of construction.



Not profiled

The advantage of this material is a relatively low pricing policy. However, for the construction of combined houses such raw materials are used very rarely due to the fact that its quality parameters are rather low.

Glued

Such material is widely used for the construction of combined houses. possesses high heat resistance, and also provides sound insulation.

  Glued laminated timber for cottage assembly



Such material is considered the most reliable and durable for the construction of combined houses. To build a house of brick and lumber for decades, it will help just such material.
  Some prefer to build a house out of a bar, lined with brick.



This helps to provide an aesthetically attractive appearance of the structure, as well as significantly save on repair work indoors.

Projects of houses from a brick and a bar

Of course, land owners can decide for themselves what the finished construction of the house will look like. Nevertheless, it is much more reasonable and economical to get ready. This will help:


All these factors indicate that the project is profitable and reasonable. Despite the fact that the finished project itself costs some money, if you analyze the benefits, it is cheaper to initially build a building that is ideal for its design, rather than correcting errors that also cost money.

For the first time such constructions appeared in the Middle Ages, and at first they were common in the Alps. Then, the combi-houses began to develop other territories, because the Germans, the British, the Austrians, the French and representatives of other nationalities who inhabited Europe at that time were liking the liking of such housing. The main distinguishing features of such houses are a sloping gable roof and the use in the construction of at least two basic materials - stone and wood. A little later, this style of architecture was called the word that you probably heard - “chalet”.

The first floor is stone, the second and all subsequent ones are wooden. Although, most often combi-houses are two-storied. Such a solution is optimal, because stone is a heavy and durable material, so the first floor serves as a reliable basis for all subsequent levels made of wood. It is noteworthy that the combined houses with a big stretch can be called wooden suburban real estate objects, lined with brick, natural or artificial stone. At their core, they are not combi-houses, because both stone and brick assume the function of finishing, and they have no influence on the design features of the structure.

Pluses of combi houses

  1. Decent appearance. Combined houses are able to fit into any landscape, and they necessarily make you pay attention to yourself, because they still belong to the category of atypical for Russia. But they are most suitable for our climate, which is very similar to the Alpine.
  2. Durability. We dare to assure you that for a chalet a century of service is not the ultimate value, which is explained by the peculiarity of the materials. What can happen to a stone that does not burn and does not rot? If you are confused by the fact that all subsequent levels are made of wood, then there is no need to worry: for the construction we use softwood sawn timber. It is less susceptible to rotting and other negative factors, in addition, wooden material, regardless of the name, is treated with antiseptic compounds, as well as impregnation, providing fire resistance.
  3. Low price. This is true, because the construction and commissioning of a “partially stone house” is cheaper compared to a stone structure. Even the most elite lumber is cheaper than stone.
  4. Environmental friendliness. Coniferous woods have the property to emit phytoncides and regulate heat and air exchange well. The stone keeps cool in summer and warm in winter, and the combination of these materials ensures the creation of an optimal microclimate.
  5. Accelerated pace of construction. Combi houses have low weight compared to their brick and stone counterparts, which means that building a foundation will require much less time, money and effort. Also, such structures do not require shrinkage.
  6. Fire resistance Combi-houses fall victim to fires much less often than frame, bar-shaped and timbered, and the reason for this is the presence of stone elements in the structure. Wood processing fire retardants can reduce the likelihood of fire at times.
  7. New business opportunities. This item may seem incomprehensible. We explain: having a house in the style of a chalet, it becomes possible to make an interesting business decision. On the first floor of such a building it is possible to equip an office, cafe, shop, bakery, workshop, and on the second floor you can live with your family. Perhaps you will be interested in it, and we are ready to modify the project you like in accordance with your wishes, because the organization of the business space implies a separate entrance and planning, different from the “everyday” one.

Are there any drawbacks to combi houses?

The disadvantages of combi-houses are reduced to the possible risk of reducing their service life due to insufficient care for wooden elements. The stone is more resistant to the effects of precipitation, excessive humidity and temperature changes, and in order to preserve the original characteristics of the tree, you need to take care of it, that is, periodically carry out the processing of special wooden surfaces.

What do we offer

Russian Style is a diversified company with a staff of various specialties, including: designers, architects, designers, builders, bricklayers, craftsmen specializing in the construction of wooden houses, decorators, etc. We can offer for your consideration one of many our projects. Also, you have the right to move away from the standard layout of the plan, because most often on the first floor of a house-chalet are located technical and utility rooms such as kitchens, bathrooms, boilers. In addition, it is on the ground floor that the dining rooms and living rooms are equipped. The second floor is a living area, with bedrooms, offices, dressing rooms. If you see your future home in a slightly different format, then tell us about it.

Cooperation with our company has a lot of advantages. Here are just some of them:

  1. The presence of a huge number of standard projects that are easily transformed into individual ones.
  2. The possibility of building a facility on credit, including mortgage (all documents are drawn up in our office).
  3. Quality assurance.
  4. Attraction of labor of highly skilled workers - citizens of Russia.
  5. In the construction are used only high-quality materials.

We carry out projects of any complexity.