It is difficult to look away from these charming bright colors. The multi-colored petals are admired by the creations of nature. Viola (violet tricolor) in Russia wore the names of scrofucks, tricolor, moth, half-color or pansies. The article is devoted to the nuances of growing this beautiful culture in the open field, in the framework of the article we will deal with the varieties and consider in detail the planting and proper care of the plant.
Description of the plant: varieties and varieties
Pansies - perennial plants, but the cultivation is usually carried out on agrotehnike two-year culture. Abundant flowering in the open field in the spring and the first half of summer. The touching flowers open their petals towards the first sunshine, barely the snow melts.
This kind of violets will be a worthy decoration of any flower bed.
Single flowers with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm rise from the leaf sinuses. Sometimes the flowers of the viola emit a delicate, subtle fragrance. The leaves of the plant are delicate, light green, oval, with an urban or jagged edge.
Cultivars amaze with the magnificence of various colors. Breeders deduced a huge number of multi-colored viols, including: the whole range of purple shades, yellow, white, blue. It is not uncommon now pansies reddish-brown tones. Varietal viols have contrasting bands on the petals, eyes, edging.
Classification of Viol Wittrock: varieties and varieties.
Pansies can be divided by the height of the bush:
- undersized;
- sredneroslye;
- tall
The second sign of the division of viola varieties is the largest flower:
- species with large flowers;
- small-flowered varieties;
- with giant flowers.
Variety of Viola Hues
In addition, pansies differ in the form of the edges of the petals:
- smooth petals;
- wavy edge of petals.
The color of the petals distinguish the following types of viola:
- varieties with monotonous (one-color) color;
- two-color varieties;
- a series of flower varieties with contrasting spots and stripes.
Pansies make up more than 15 groups of decorative garden varieties, which differ significantly in terms of flowering time, color and size of a flower, shape, and winter hardiness. Breeders brought a lot of giant varieties with a wavy edge, including semi-double and terry varieties. They can grow perfectly in open ground.
The enchanting flowers of the Russian Size variety are in excess of 10 cm in diameter. Novelties of selection are ampelous pansies of the Waterfalls variety. These plants are designed for hanging baskets, they are characterized by abundant, lush, long flowering.
Monochrome Pansies
Mono-colored pansies are popular in landscape design. Planting of them makes it possible to distinguish the territory of the garden with contrasting color spots.
At the present time monochrome copies of the viola of bright, pure colors are displayed:
- blue;
- purple
- yellow
- whites;
- orange;
- red.
Planting a plant
High decorativeness of pansies in open ground directly depends on the place of planting. Although the plant is rather shade-tolerant, it degenerates in a dense shade: the flowers become shallow, lose their saturation, the stalks of the plant stretch out and fade. The flowering time of such plants is significantly reduced.
Planting Viola in the open ground
The second condition for the luxurious flowering of pansies is the soil. Viola does not tolerate dry, stony, sandy soil. This flower grows beautifully in fertile soil, with a high content of nutrients and moisture. Viola care is minimal.
How to plant pansies: planting and care
Pansies - planting and care is not difficult: you can plant plants directly by seeds in the soil. For this, the soil is loosened, the seeds are buried shallowly. Watering crops carefully carried out of the watering can with a fine strainer, so as not to wash the seeds from the soil. Shoots in the open ground appear on the 7-10 day.
To speed up flowering, you should take care in advance of applying the seedling method when sowing seeds is done in a greenhouse or greenhouse in advance. This agrotechnical technique allows you to get flush-flowering bushes much earlier than when sown with seeds. Growing seedlings begins in February. The boxes with sown viol are kept for a week in a dark place. With the advent of shoots, boxes are transferred to the brightest place. Care of seedlings is timely watering and hardening. In the ground seedlings of pansies are planted in mid-May. Flowering may begin in a month.
An example of decorating the suburban area with pansies
Important! Watering of seedlings is required to be carried out regularly, not allowing drying or over-wetting of the earth coma.
Viola - unpretentious plant. Caring for her is not difficult. The plant requires regular watering, but it does not respond well to stagnant water in the garden.
Important! To prolong the flowering of the viola shrub and preserve the decorativeness of the plant, it is necessary to regularly remove dried flowers from the flowers. Pinching stimulates the development of lateral shoots, which increases the number of decorative flowers.
Fertilizer and dressing
When preparing the bed for planting viola, it is important to provide fertilizer to increase the flowering period. Granulated double superphosphate is perfect for this purpose. Fertilizer is embedded in the ground, where it slowly dissolves during the summer season and feeds the plants with phosphorus, which is responsible for the beauty of the flowers.
Pansies, like any other plants, need mineral dressing
During the growing season and flowering pansies required to make complex fertilizer for garden flowers. The frequency of nutrients is made in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.
Excellent results are achieved with foliar application, when fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage.
Important! Pansies do not tolerate manure.
Plant propagation
In addition to sowing seeds, pansies easily grafted. Reproduction of viola by cutting in the open field is not difficult. At about the beginning of summer green cuttings with 2-3 internodes are cut from the bushes. Fresh cuttings are planted in the prepared bed. When planting viola should be watered and sprayed with water.
Viola cuttings
Important! The use of growth stimulants (epin, root, heteroauxin) increase the percentage of survival.
Reproduction of culture by green cutting, allows in less than a month to get a hardened, full-fledged shrub ready for flowering.
Diseases and pests
Unfortunately, tender pansies do not bypass disease and pests. There are many illnesses of pansies:
Mealy dew affects the whole plant. The affected parts of the flower die over time, new buds are not formed.
Treatment: water-soap emulsion is sprayed over the plant.
Gray rot causes damage (rotting) of all parts of the plant. Treatment: spraying with 0.5% solution of copper oxychloride up to 4 times in 1 week.
Inspect plants regularly for diseases and pests.
Spotting - premature dying off of the leaves; slow flowering. Treatment: the same control measures as with gray rot.
Blackleg - development of rot on the root neck and roots of the flower. It develops with excessive watering, dense soil and stagnant water. Prevention: the use of clean planting material, properly organized watering. Cultivating a crop in an over-wet bed leads to the death of plants.
Pests of pansies - aphid and spider mite. The affected plants wither, cease to bloom, eventually die. In case of severe infection, it is necessary to treat the flower garden with the appropriate pest preparations.
Pansies: combination with other plants
Violet Wittrock is perfectly combined with stunted perennials or biennials:
- Daisy;
- Violet horned;
- Iberis;
- Forget-me-not;
- Lobelia.
Pansies on a bed in combination with forget-me-not
When planting flowers together, plants should be selected with a suitable size so that nearby growing specimens do not oppress each other.
An excellent combination on a flower bed is achieved by planting only pansies, with the choice of varieties of the same color, or multi-colored mixture. Such beds look elegant and decorative.
Pansies in landscape design
The use of pansies in landscape design is widespread and very justified:
- young cultures bloom the same year (when sown through seedlings);
- a wide palette of colors make it possible to choose the right grade for any decision of flowerbed design;
- flowering culture begins quite early in the cold spring, when there are few flowering crops.
An example of landscape design with the use of plain pansies
Viola curtains look great on an emerald green lawn. They spread carpet ornaments from the flowers, planted paths with them, planted them in hanging pots. Landing does not cause troubles and difficulties, and the care of the viol is quite simple, therefore, it is often used to design the territories in landscape design.
Viola landing rules: video
Pansies: photo
Many experienced gardeners plant pansies immediately in open ground, but the seedling method of growing viola at home is no less common, giving the opportunity to grow healthy plants that will bloom much earlier and most likely even more abundant.
Viola care is not so difficult and painstaking, so gardeners with a great desire to grow this flower on their plots.
Popular types and varieties of viola
When and how to plant pansies on seedlings: terms and methods
Terms of planting Viola differ from the method of their breeding. Thus, there are 3 ways to grow pansies:
- Spring planting seeds for seedlings in late February - early March. The advantage of the method is that the plants will start blooming early and will decorate your garden this summer. Part of the seedlings can not be planted in the garden, and transplanted in pots or balcony boxes.
- You can plant the viola with seeds and immediately into the open ground in summer. This is usually done at the end of spring - in May and early June. Flowering should be expected by the fall or earlier (in August-September).
- Planting seeds of pansies is common in the fall or even at the end of summer (usually in August - early September). After a successful winter rooting, the seedlings will grow, and flowering will begin almost immediately after spring comes.
By lunar calendar
Choosing the best date for planting seeds can help. Moon calendar.
Viola can be either an annual plant, or a perennial plant, for each of which has its own dates according to the lunar calendar. However, most often (in a cold and harsh winter), is grown as an annual plant.
So favorable days for sowing an annual viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:
- in January - 17-19, 23-27;
- in February - 6-8, 11-17, 21-25;
- march-12-17, 19-20;
- in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17; 29-30;
- in May - 8-17, 21-23, 26-28;
- in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20;
- in July - 8-10;
- in November - 6-8, 13-18, 24-25.
Favorable days for sowing a perennial (two-year) viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:
- january 14-19, 23-27;
- in February - 11-13, 20-25;
- march-12-17, 19, 20, 27-30;
- in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17, 24-26, 29, 30;
- in May - 6-8, 10-17, 21-23, 26-28, 31;
- in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20, 27-30;
- in July - 8-12, 25-31;
- in August - 2-6, 17, 18, 21-23, 26-28;
- in September - 1-5, 7-10, 17-24;
- in October - 4-7, 9-12, 19-21, 23-25, 27;
- in November - 13-18.
Adverse days on the lunar calendar for 2019for sowing annual and perennial pansies the following dates are available:
- in January - 5, 6, 21;
- in February - 4, 5, 19;
- in March - 6, 7, 21;
- in April - 5, 19;
- in May - 5, 19;
- in June - 3, 4, 17;
- in July - 2, 3, 17;
- in August - 15, 16, 30, 31;
- in September - 14, 15, 28, 29;
- in October - 14, 28;
- in November - 12, 13, 26, 27.
According to the lunar calendar from the magazine "1000 tips summer resident."
Video: step by step sowing viola on seedlings - all about growing pansies
Capacity and soil mix
You can sow and grow viola seedlings in any landing tanks, it can be plastic and wooden boxes, cardboard and peat cups, disposable plastic cups, special trays and cassettes for seedlings, peat tablets. You can make your own packaging, for example, by cutting plastic bottles or cartons from milk and other food containers.
When you think about soil selection, there are always exactly 2 ways. Buy a ready-made mixture for seedlings of flowers in the store or make it yourself. There is no fundamental difference, it all comes down to your time and opportunity.
To prepare substrate for growing seedlings of pansies do it yourself the following components will be required in equal shares:
- turf ground;
- humus;
- peat;
- sand.
Then the resulting soil mixture is required to mix well and preferably sift. It is possible to disinfect the soil with the help of its steaming.
Do not forget!To successfully grow any seedlings, including viola, you need proper drainage.
Seed preparation for sowing (processing)
To accelerate the germination of seeds and increase their resistance to disease, the seeds of the viola before planting pre treated with growth accelerators. The most popular means for soaking before sowing seedlings are “Zircon” and “Appin”.
Direct seeding
A step-by-step guide for planting viola seeds for seedlings at home in the traditional way is as follows:
- Moisten (for example, you can still shed 1% solution of potassium permanganate or to increase protection against rot and other dangerous diseases), and then slightly compact the soil in the planting tank.
- Sow the seeds of pansies on the surface (some flower growers, plant in shallow, maximum 5 mm grooves, and then sprinkle them lightly with earth). Try to distribute the seeds of the flower as evenly as possible, for this, for example, use a small piece of white paper and slowly sow the seeds along the edge.
- Using a spray bottle, moisten the crops thoroughly again.
- Then cover or cover with plastic wrap. You can also put the container directly into the bag or put a boot on it.
- Place the container with the landings in a dark and warm place, where the average temperature of the air is 22 degrees.
Video: sowing seed viola seedlings and seedling results
By the way! Viola can be sown and on the snow. To do this, lay a small layer of snow over the ground and place the seeds on it. The snow will gradually melt and pull the seeds into the ground.
Video: sowing and picking viola
Viola care after planting seedlings
As practice shows, friendly shoots will begin to appear after 1 week or one and a half. Now you need to rearrange the container from a dark place to a sunny window (you can even directly to the south).
It is important that the soil of the seedlings is always a little wet. So do not forget to exercise regular watering.
Important! It is necessary to keep the soil moderately wet, since an excess of moisture leads to the disease of the plant with a black leg.
After 6-7 days from the moment of formation of the first shoots - shelter will need to be removed, but you must first begin to air the soil gradually, over time, increasing the duration.
Pansies required 15 hour (+ -1 hour) light dayaccordingly, due to early sowing, young seedlings are recommended to illuminate with phytolamps or conventional LED luminaires, otherwise it may stretch too much.
Picking
The time of picking seedlings of pansies begins when she has 2 true leaves.
Note! It must be admitted that the viola gets acclimated easily after almost any transplant, not even the most accurate one. For example, young seedlings, which have slightly damaged roots when picking, can at first slow down a little in development, but then go to a steady growth. but to approach the procedure with full responsibility!
If possible, try to dive viola seedlings into separate planting containers (pots, cups) or into a common container according to the scheme 5 to 5 centimeters.
Requirements for the soil do not change, unless this time steaming is not required. However, it is recommended to add mineral fertilizer to the soil mixture, which can be used as nitrophoska or azophoska, at the rate of 2 tbsp. l funds for 4 liters of land.
Important!Roots should be loose in the hole. It is impossible that when they were bent when they are backfilled. If, however, they do not fit, they should be pinched.
Viola seedlings, which are too long, should be deepened down to the cotyledon leaves.
After transplanting, watering is necessary. If after it the ground has excessively settled, then you should add soil.
Video: Viola pick
That's all! Now you can again put the seedlings on the window sill or any other bright place where the temperature will stay at 16 (+ -1) degrees.
Once every 2 weeks you can to feed Pansies complex mineral fertilizers for seedlings, which include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
When it remains about 2 weeks before disembarking, viola seedlings should be started temper, gradually bringing to fresh air. Try not to stand the pots in direct sunlight, otherwise young and fragile leaves can get burned.
If you did everything right when planting and grew seedlings of pansies at home according to the recommendations, then in the second half of May the viols will bloom and can be planted in open ground or transplanted into hanging balcony containers, pots or a high flowerbed.
Video: how to grow good viola seedlings
How to plant viola seedlings in open ground: terms and methods
It is necessary to start transporting seedlings of pansies to the soil or on a flower bed when there is stable warm weather outside (no return frosts), that is, in general, this happens in May.
A place for disembarking a viola is usually required well lighted(but not open, otherwise plantings simply burn out), however, planting near trees is possible, through whose crowns the diffused sunlight will fall.
Priming for planting pansies should be loose and airy, therefore, any will do, and it is not at all necessary that this is the most fertile land in your backyard. Suppose if your soil is too heavy and loamy, then add peat with sand and complex mineral fertilizer (about 35 grams per 1 square meter). Then carefully dig a bed.
Recommended landing pattern and distance seedlings of pansies - 20 cm apart. If you want to plant flowers in 1 row, then the distance between flowers should be reduced to 15 cm. During direct planting of viola seedlings on the garden, it is necessary to deepen the root neck a little, about 1 cm.
If you transplant pansies in boxes on the balcony or pots, then their volume should be about 1.5 liters per 1 flower.
The final touch will be abundant soil moisture around new plantings.
Video: Viola disembarking in open ground
Further care of the viol in the open field
Care of pansies consists of the following highlights:
- top dressing;
- loosening;
- watering.
Most suitable fertilizer for pansies are complex mineral supplements containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, that is, it can ammonium nitrate or superphosphate.
Worth knowing!Viola can not be fed with fresh manure. Flowers generally do not tolerate such feeding.
Pansies are very fond of regular looseningwhich eliminates planting from weeds and allows air to better penetrate to the root system of the plant. However, do this carefully so as not to damage the roots.
Viola's long flowering is a pledge of standing soil moistening. Accordingly, if moisture is not enough, then you will not have to rely on stormy paints.
To increase the flowering time of viola grown in pots or balcony boxes, as well as in the garden, it is necessary follow and get rid of the seeds in time.
By the way! Pansies give self-sowing. So do not be surprised if next year many new flowers appear on the site.
Concerning trimming Viola bushes, it is very recommended. For example, after the pansies ottsvetut, they should be cut to 4-5 cm. After a fortnight, fresh shoots will appear, and the flowers will open again. Moreover, such a procedure will have a particularly positive effect on flowering next year.
Video: growing and caring for pansies
In the world of gardeners plant viola is very popular. There are a large number of varieties and types of viola, better known by the people as pansies.
The wide distribution of these wonderful colors due to their beauty and variety of colors and shapes. Viola flowers delight a long period of flowering with a properly perfect planting and subsequent care - from early spring to late autumn.
Did you know? Viola is known for a very long time - more than two and a half thousand years. At that time, the ancient peoples of Europe used these flowers for decoration during the holidays.
Where to plant the viola, the choice of place for the flower
Viola belongs to the Violet family, therefore it is also called the garden violet. The plant is one-year, two-year, and also long-term. Depending on the sort of flowers viola planting and cultivation can be carried out even on the balcony, providing it with proper care.
In the open field, a high flowerbed would be an ideal place for a viola, since it meets the plant's need for moisture and light.
What kind of lighting and temperature does the viola like?
These flowers grow best in a cool place, but they also need a lot of light. Therefore, places with slightly shaded areas will be the right choice for planting the viola and further care in the open field.
For example, under young trees that do not close the leaves with the main part of the illumination, but will protect them from the arid influence of the direct rays of the sun. At home, suitable balcony on the west or east side.
If there is little light for the viola, then the flowering will not be so abundant, and the flowers themselves will be small and not so bright.
What should be the soil for planting
The best soil for pansies is a loamy soil, fertile and moist.
Important! Moisture stagnation is detrimental to the viola, as it causes the roots to rot.
The soil for planting needs to be drained and plowed. Fresh humus cannot be used as a fertilizer, therefore superphosphate or ammonium nitrate will be suitable.
Also, peat is ideal for viola as a primer, as it retains heat, moisture does not stagnate in it. In addition, peat contains the nutritional elements necessary for the viola, so gardeners often use peat tablets for plant germination.
How to plant pansies
Most often, the planting viola is carried out in open ground. This happens in April and May, as the plant loves coolness. The proportions for the soil is better to choose the following:
- sod land - 2 parts;
- peat - 2 parts;
- humus - 2 parts;
- sand - 1 part.
It is fairly easy to follow the basic rules of how to plant viola flowers in open ground and how to carry out the subsequent care.
For the seedlings, wells are prepared (the distance between them is 10-15 cm), flowers are placed there, then they are sprinkled with earth, lightly tamped around the soil, and watering is carried out.
It is better to plant different varieties separately from each other, because the plant is cross-pollinated.
Did you know? The first to be introduced into the culture was violet fragrant, and then - mountain violet. The first hybrids of violets were breeders in 1683.
Viola Care Rules
Often gardeners think how to grow a beautiful and healthy viol. For this you need to regularly remove the flowers that wilted. In addition, to prolong the flowering of pansies will help mulching the roots of the plant in hot weather. Be sure to also remove ripened seed boxes.
If the viola blooms worse, few new buds are formed, then you can cut the plant, while leaving the length of the stems about 10 cm. After that, it is necessary to water and feed the viola plentifully, which will allow it to quickly grow young shoots and blossom with new forces.
How to water pansies
Often in the heat of the cause of drying out of the roots is their proximity to the soil surface. Therefore, watering garden violets should be carried out regularly, but not too copiously, so that the roots do not rot. Optimally - 2-3 times a week, and in the heat it is possible to water the viol every day.
Fertilizer and fertilizing flowers
Feeding Viola should be carried out once a month. To do this, use superphosphate or ammonium nitrate per 25-30 g per square meter. There are also special complex fertilizers, having in its composition potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, trace elements. Such fertilizers are sold in stores and used according to the instructions.
Soil care
Flowers viola unpretentious, but during the cultivation must be maintained in a certain state of the soil. Since the roots are not far from the surface - at a depth of only 15-20 cm, we need timely watering and loosening the soil for air to reach the roots. In addition, it is important to remove weeds in time from the site where the viola grows.
Reproduction Methods Viola
If you want to independently get a new viola plant with beautiful flowers, for growing it is worth choosing a method suitable and suitable for your capabilities. Among them, reproduction by seeds, cutting pansies, as well as reproduction by layering.
Did you know? Pansies are divided into large-flowered (the diameter of the flower in this variety is 10 cm), and many-flowered - varieties with small flowers with a diameter of about 6 cm.
Seed propagation
You can grow the viola seeds. Sowing takes place in several terms, depending on when you want to get flowering.
Sowing pansies in January-February, you will see the first flowers by the end of spring. However, in the conditions of an apartment it is difficult to get good seedlings, as the seeds sown need coolness and plenty of light.
If you sow the seeds of viola in March, the flowering will begin in late July - August. The following year, at the beginning of spring, both plants and other plants will give good flowering.
If sowing is done in summer, flowers will also appear next year in spring. However, in the summer, you can sow directly into the open ground, bypassing the cultivation of seedlings at home.
There are general rules for sowing viola seeds:
- Seeds are poured on moist soil, lightly sprinkled with earth on top.
- The temperature in which the seedlings are should be 15-20 ° C. It is necessary to maintain a constant sufficient moisture.
- Seedlings should be in a dark place until shoots appear.
- After 10-14 days, the seeds will sprout, then you need to provide good lighting, and reduce the temperature to 10 ° C.
- After 2-3 weeks you need to dive seedlings.
Did you know? Many varieties of viola carry out self-sowing of ripe seed boxes.
Reproduction by cuttings
The cuttings of pansies are carried out in late spring - early summer in several stages:
- cut off from the top of the bush green shoots, which should be 2-3 nodes;
- planted these shoots in the area in the shade to a depth of 0.5 cm. They should be close to each other;
- cuttings abundantly watered, sprayed.
Rooting occurs in a month. From one bush you can take about 10 cuttings at a time. If you propagate the viola by cuttings you decide closer to autumn, the flowering will appear as early as next year in the springtime. If in the spring, then pansies bloom by the end of summer. The main positive point of this method of reproduction is the rejuvenation of the bush and improvement of flowering as a result.
Pansies scientifically called Vitrokka violet. They are grown on summer cottages, decorating flower beds, as well as on balconies. The plant is unpretentious: it can be transplanted even during the flowering period and planted in early spring as soon as the snow leaves. Pansies bloom early and bloom profusely. If done correctly, their colorful flowers will please the eye from spring to late autumn.
Pansies: cultivation
There are 2 main ways of cultivating pansies: growing from seed and grafting. Seeds can be planted in 2 ways: in open ground and boxes. When the plant ottsvetet, it remains a fruit with seeds, which are used for further sowing. Seeds can be harvested when the box turns pale yellow or turns white. The seed will ripen during drying. It can be stored for 3 years. Sowing pansies depends on the desired flowering period. For good flowering in early spring sown in late June - early July of the previous year.
Seeds are planted in hotbeds or on well-treated beds in loose rows. They sprout in 1 - 2 weeks after planting, and in 2 - 3 weeks you can see the emergence of sprouts. Sprouts dive, and at the end of August they are planted at the place of supposed flowering at a distance of 25 cm from each other. If you want to receive flowers in the same year, it is recommended to sow the seeds in boxes. Then the seedlings are transplanted into a flower garden.
Sowing seeds of pansies in boxes produced in February, scattering them on the surface of the moistened soil. Do not forget to sprinkle them with a thin layer of earth. Boxes put in a dark place, maintaining a temperature of 15 - 20 degrees. They need to cover with glass, and periodically ventilate and moisten the soil. When the seeds have risen, the temperature should be lowered to 10 degrees and put a box with sprouts in sunlight. Dive seedlings can be about 10 - 20 days. Planted in open ground is advised in May.
If you have chosen to grow a plant by cutting, it should be produced immediately in open ground in May - June. From the bush cut off the final green shoots with 2 - 3 nodes. Planted them in the shade close to each other to a depth of 5 mm. Well watered the soil and sprayed cuttings with water. Roots appear in a month. If you produce grafting in the spring, the pansies will bloom in the summer or early autumn, and if closer to the fall, then in the spring of next year. Cutting rejuvenates the plant, not allowing the bushes to grow strongly. From the 1st large bush you can get 10 cuttings.
Pansies: the right care
To date, there are about 400 species and several hundred varieties of pansies. Winter varieties bloom very early. Luxury flowers of the Swiss large-flowered group are plant varieties with a flower diameter up to 10 cm. Their coloring is with large spots, bordering along the edge and stripes of different tones.
The color palette is quite rich - it is yellow, orange, wine-red, deep black, blue, blue and purple.
The main varieties: Gold Rhine, Bride, Flame, Sun kiss, Black King, Love duet.
This plant is not whimsical in care. Pansies are quite shade-tolerant, but if you grow them in partial shade, flowering will not be as abundant, but longer. Fertile and moist loamy soil is recommended for planting pansies. Make sure that the melt water does not stagnate, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the root system of the plant and its death.
It is necessary to water a flower 2 - 3 times a week. In hot and dry days - every day. It is necessary to feed the plant with complex mineral fertilizers, which include phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other microelements. Fertilizing violet need and before budding, and during flowering. Seedlings can be fed with superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (20-40 g per 1 m²). Pansies can not be fertilized with fresh manure.
In order for the plant to bloom for a long time, remove dead flowers and dry leaves in time. Be sure to weed the beds where pansies grow, removing weeds. Do not forget to loosen the earth.
As for diseases and pests, often aphid, scoop, spotting, powdery mildew, blackleg, root and stem rot. You may encounter these problems if you violate the agricultural practices of planting, growing and caring for pansies. You can fight pests and diseases with special preparations that are sold in stores for gardeners.
Pansies - very beautiful and unpretentious flowers that will decorate any suburban area. You can transform with their help a rocky crust and small flower beds. Pansies look beautiful in hanging pots that decorate balconies, verandas and terraces. Follow the rules of planting and do not forget to care for the plant, so that its lush flowering lasts until late autumn.
Pansies, viola tricolor, Ivan-da-maria - all these are the names of one wonderful garden plant that can decorate any flower bed with its colorful flowers from early spring to late autumn. Growing pansies from seeds has its own characteristics and involves different sowing time. It depends on when you want to see flowering and what kind of culture, one-year or two-year - to get. Breeders brought out a huge variety of large-flowered forms of various colors from ordinary field violets. Among the varieties there are small ground cover species, and ampelous species, creating incredible flower cascades in hanging pots on balconies and terraces. Having chosen the variety you like, it is quite possible to grow all this beauty from seeds at home. However, as a houseplant, the viola is cultivated rarely.
Pansies, growing from seed
So just go to the market and buy seedlings of your favorite plants to plant in a garden or in pots in a loggia. But for some, the passage of the whole simple process from sowing seeds to planting flowering bushes in open ground is the creativity necessary to fill life. In addition, this approach will allow a good saving if you plan to plant a large area with the viol.
Landing dates
You can sow seeds at any time of the year, it all depends on what goal is pursued.
- For seedlings for their own needs, seeds are best sown from late February to mid-March. Shoots do not need additional illumination and reach the sizes necessary for planting just in time for the end of spring frosts.
- To implement spring flowering bushes can sow in January. In this case, it is impossible to do without illumination, and only a heated greenhouse will provide mass production.
- For biennial plants, abundantly flowering in early spring, seeds are sown in summer (late June - July) in open ground.
Planting pansies in early autumn or before winter is not recommended. If in the first case young seedlings have a chance to take root well in order to endure wintering, in the second case, freezing cannot be avoided. Alternatively, you can transplant young plants in pots and transfer them to the veranda for wintering.
Preparing seeds for planting
Special preparation of pansy seeds before planting is not required. A positive effect is obtained by soaking them in a solution of a stimulant, for example, “Citron”. Preparing planting material on their own, they select it from strong healthy plants that have reached the phase of physiological ripeness. When buying, they prefer a proven seed producer.
Soil preparation
Ready soil for violets can be easily found in any flower shop. Adding a small amount of washed sand to it contributes to a better development of the root system. You can prepare the nutrient soil yourself. To do this, mix in equal amounts of leaf earth and rotted compost. Or the composition may be:
- garden land;
- humus;
- peat;
- sand.
All components are taken in equal parts.
To eliminate the appearance of black legs when planting pansies, it is useful to steam the prepared soil for one hour.
Planting Pansy Seeds
You can plant the viola with seeds for seedlings in two ways:
- spreading them evenly over the surface of a moist soil;
- seized in shallow grooves.
Given that the planting material is very small, you can not pour the earth. The main condition is that the soil should be constantly wet, which is achieved by regular spraying. After placing the seeds, the box is covered with glass or placed in a plastic bag and put away in a dark warm place. At a temperature of 21-22 ˚C, shoots appear on the 7-10 day. When this happens, seedlings need good lighting and fresh air. Glass or film should not be removed immediately, but the boxes should be opened for a short time first, gradually increasing it.
In the second method, the grooves are cut to a depth of about 0.5 cm, the distance between them is 1-2 cm. The seeds are covered with earth, so boxes should not be put in a dark place.
Seedling care
The main requirement for the care of seedlings is to keep the soil moist. However, overflows are also unacceptable. While the seedlings are under the film, they should be provided with regular airing. It is undesirable that drops of water linger on young leaves.
Picks
In the phase of one or two pairs of these leaves, seedlings need picks. It is better to plant seedlings in separate peat pots. In the future, planting is carried out in open ground with them. When the areas on the windowsill do not allow this, it is possible to dive into a common deep box according to the 5x5 cm scheme. The soil is used the same as for sowing seeds. At 2 liters of the mixture add 1 tbsp. l complex fertilizers, such as nitrophoska.
It is important that the spine is not bent when picking. If it is very long, then you can just pinch it.
After the seedling deepens to the first seed leaves, the soil near it is compacted. When the pick is over, the landings are watered gently.
Pansy care
Planted on a permanent place flowers need in the usual care for any plant: watering, feeding, loosening and weeding. Properly chosen growing place with fertile, loose soil and an abundance of light (without prolonged exposure to direct sunlight) is the key to long-lasting bright blooms.
Pansies can be planted on poor soils and in the shade, however, such conditions will not have the best effect on the quality of flowering. Planted on open areas for the sun or southern balconies of the plant, with the onset of summer heat, and completely stop forming flower stalks.
Watering viola tricolor
If the pansies no longer delight you with flowering, then a possible reason is the critical dryness of the soil. Balcony beauties on hot summer days can be watered twice a day: morning and evening. Garden beds - as the top layer of soil dries.
The mulching of the root zone will help to preserve soil moisture much needed for flowers.
Fertilizer
Begin to feed the plants 2 weeks after planting at a permanent place of growth. For garden viols, rotted manure or compost at the rate of 5 kg / sq. Is perfect. In the next round, these may be complex fertilizers, for example, a combination of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate at a dose of 20-40 g / sq. m or fertilizer "Kemira".
The frequency of fertilizing depending on the fertility of the earth - from 2 to 4 weeks. The soil in the balcony vases can be fertilized every week, combining with watering.
Pruning
Seed ripening at the place of bleached flowers helps to stop the formation of new buds. To prevent this is very simple - just enough to pinch off faded flower stalks.
If the pansy bush loses its decorative effect, ceases to bloom, it is cut, leaving a stump of 4-5 cm. Already after 2 weeks new shoots will begin to form, and soon the flowering will resume.
This technique also contributes to abundant flowering in the spring of next year.
Pansies, flowering period
If the seeds for seedlings are sown in January-February, you can count on the flowering of pansies in the spring. In a two-year culture, when sowing is carried out in June-July of the previous year, butterfly flowers appear along with primroses - crocuses and muscari. To viola bloomed in the fall, the seeds need to be sown in late April - early May.
So, playing with the terms of sowing and planting grown seedlings on flowerbeds, you can achieve flowering of beautiful plants from early spring to late autumn.
Pansies in winter
Some prefer to grow pansies in an annual crop, planting new seedlings each spring. But the plant is able to continue the growing season and next year, and even more than one year in a row. To avoid freezing, it is better to take care of shelter for the winter, to build structures for snow retention, because weak snow cover during severe frosts is an additional risk factor. You can transplant flowers in pots and provide wintering in suitable for this room, where the air temperature does not rise above 15 ˚C. In the spring again land in open ground.
Diseases and pests
Pansies do not have specific diseases and pests. This is mainly affecting any garden plants aphid, root and stem rot, spotting, powdery mildew. When the first signs of damage appear, the plants are treated with a suitable preparation. A large variety of colors and forms, the possibility of obtaining uneven-aged seedlings, providing flowering throughout the season, the ability to grow in flower beds and on balconies. Is this not the set of properties that will even tighten even the experienced grower in an amazing process - growing pansies from seeds?
