task of ancient man.
Today it seems to you
opportunity to demonstrate
how far have you gone from him?
in the art of words! 1. Arrange the image data in the order
what was the development of human appearance,
and explain your actions.
uh
E
CI
IN
in
ABOUT
IN
L
lju
I
YU
qi
C
AND
E
I
I
Best Junior What natural phenomena influenced
on human evolution?
2 million
years ago
40 thousand
years ago
Human evolution is the process of its development. 2. Remember and name the main tools
labor of ancient people: explain what
what was their evolution (development)?
2 million
years ago
10-13 thousand
years ago 3. What were the main occupations of the first people?
Are they related to the development of tools?
COLLECTION
2 million
years ago
HUNTING
10-13 thousand
years ago
Let's talk about the picture How did Homo sapiens hunt? Explain how the development took place
society among the first people?
Human herd
2 million
years ago
Tribal community
40 thousand
years ago
Let's talk about the picture How did people live in the tribal community? Lesson Plan
1. The emergence of cattle breeding.
2. The emergence of agriculture.
3. The emergence of crafts and the use of metals.
4. The emergence of neighborhood community and inequality.
Today in class we will
Wish
success!
study
do
conclusions.
The conclusion is the main result of what we have learned.
The conclusion may reflect the main idea
or contain an assessment of historical
information. 1. The emergence of cattle breeding. How do you think,
what benefit could
bring to the person
dog?
Dog is first
tamed by man
animal. Which scientist do you think can help us?
give reliable information about time
domestication of animals? Why?
Taming wild animals for the first time
as a rule, occurred in their places
natural habitat. In what order and where did it happen?
domestication of animals?
8 thousand
years ago
4.5 thousand
years ago
2 thousand
years ago
9 thousand
years ago
7 thousand
years ago
3 thousand
years ago
3 thousand
years ago
7 thousand
years ago Why did it happen in this order?
domestication of animals?
pig
dog
sheep
cow
cat
horse
goat
10 thousand
years
back
9 thousand
years
back
8 thousand
years
back
7 thousand
years
back
rooster
donkey
4.5 thousand
years
back
3 thousand
years
back
2 thousand
years
back
The process of domesticating animals depended on the development
people of their natural places and purposes,
with which these animals were used by people. We draw conclusions:
Assignment
which one more
ancient
2. B1.than
emergence
classes
and how it happened
cattle breeding?
cattle breeding?
HUNTING
CASTLE BREEDING
Conclusion 1.
Cattle breeding arose from the occupation of people by hunting.
Conclusion 2.
Cattle breeding provided constant
reproduction of animals at home and
stable human consumption of products
livestock: meat, milk, wool, etc. 2. The emergence of agriculture. How did agriculture originate?
Continue the story using images:
Long thousands of years
the man collected what
what could I give
to him nature is fruits
plants and trees,
mushrooms, edible
roots, etc.
He didn't manage to do it right away
notice that... One of the main food sources of the ancients
people were gathering. Women brought collected grains to the villages
wild plants and sorted them out. Sometimes the grains fell... and trampled into the soil... Gradually people began to notice that those who had fallen
the grains sprout. Then people began to specifically sow grain in
loosened soil. Gradually people mastered the culture
cultivating the land. Now they, with the help...
Polished axes
with drilled in them
holes for handle Land cleared from forest...
Hoe On a field cultivated for sowing... The harvest of barley and wheat has grown...
Sickle made of wood and bone
plates of bone Harvested grain...
Grain grater We summarize knowledge about the stages of cultivation
grain crops by the first farmers:
to grow wheat or barley people...
cleared plots of land, dug it up
with hoes, sowing, harvesting with sickles Growing grains was a long process,
it required living in one place.
With the advent of agriculture, people moved
to a sedentary lifestyle. Where did agriculture originate?
Agriculture originates in Asia, on the coast
Mediterranean Sea and deep river basins,
where there were fertile soils. We draw conclusions:
2.
1.What
As expected
where did it originate
people
class
agriculture?
agriculture?
COLLECTION
AGRICULTURE
Conclusion 1.
Agriculture arose in Asia from the occupation of people
gathering.
Conclusion 2.
Agriculture provided people with a constant
plant foods, primarily
grain crops. In areas rich in vegetation
farmers raised livestock. 3. The emergence of crafts
and the use of metal. Name the maximum number of new activities
appeared among ancient farmers? Manufacturing
tools
Construction of houses
Manufacturing
clothes
Making dishes Pottery
Archaeologists say
Suppose
that pottery
how he acted
in large quantities
used by the tribes shown in the picture
Potter's wheel.
with a sedentary lifestyle.
Why do you think?
People learned to make dishes from pieces of clay.
The invention of the potter's wheel helped them in this.
The prepared clay vessels were then fired
on fire so that it becomes strong and durable. Now
it was possible to store water or cook stew in it. Spinning
Loom
Primitive people learned to weave baskets a long time ago
from flexible rods. The weaving gave them the idea to twist
threads made from sheep wool or flax fibers.
The making of threads came to be called spinning. Steel threads
used to make fabrics - this is how weaving arose. Name the activities shown in the illustrations
ancient pastoralists and farmers.
1.
among the ancients
of people
appears
2. Why
Like this
connected
with the emergence
3.
What
gave
ancient
person
craft?
opportunity
do a craft?
cattle breeding
and agriculture?
Craft is the process of making products.
Craftsman - a person who makes
manufacturing of various products. Copper
Around the 5th millennium, people noticed
that some stones that
find, have unusual
yellowish-red color.
They do not split during processing,
and when they get into the fire they melt
and change their shape.
This is how ancient people discovered the first
of metals - copper.
Why copper axes
were more convenient and better
stone, despite the fact
that copper is a soft metal?
Mold for casting an ax
and a copper ax CONCLUSION
1.With the emergence of cattle breeding and agriculture
people move to a sedentary lifestyle, i.e.
live in one place.
2.Cattle breeding and farming are reliable
provide people with food, which gives time for
craft activities.
3.People discover the first metal - copper. 4. The emergence of a neighborhood
communities and inequalities.
Several close clans united
into one team - TRIBE.
The tribe had in common:
1. Territory.
2. Language.
3. Customs.
Deer genus
Rod Lani
Ox genus The invention of the plow and the use of copper tools led
to the fact that people received more food. They no longer needed
work together, so the clan community gradually
disappears. It is being replaced by a neighboring community.
Neighborhood community - a community consisting
from large unrelated families
family ties.
Find the differences in the pictures and determine
which one shows the tribal community,
and which one is the neighbor’s. How the members began to differ from each other
neighborhood community?
Why is this happening?
Who in the tribe could get rich faster?
the rest? Gradually in primitive tribes
inequality appeared.
INEQUALITY - division
people into rich and poor. We draw conclusions:
Why are leaders and elders
quickly accumulated wealth
and turned into noble people?
KNOW
Chiefs
Elders
Bronze figurine
leader CONCLUSION
1.
With the advent of metal tools
the clan community is being replaced
neighborhood community.
1.
Accumulation of food reserves and
wars between tribes lead to
the emergence of inequality between people and
the emergence of nobility. They began to approach her
refer the elders
and military leaders.
The first farmers and cattle breeders.
Bow and arrows
Hunting smaller, faster-footed animals with a spear was much more difficult.
Therefore, people invented new weapons - bows and arrows.
Boats and nets
Rafts and boats appeared.
Nets began to be used in fishing.
Clay dishes.
Having learned to weave baskets from twigs, the ancient people tried to coat them with clay.
Then they discovered that the fired dishes became strong
Fabric clothing
People invented the simplest loom.
An even row of threads was stretched vertically onto a wooden frame. Other threads were passed transversely through this row.
People have discovered that if they sow the seeds of wild cereals, then after a while they can harvest the grains. They began to consciously grow crops.
Thus agriculture was born, and people became farmers.
The first farmers loosened the soil with a hoe - a wooden stick with a stone or bone tip.
The ears were cut with a bone or stone sickle.
They grew wheat, barley, millet and legumes.
To care for plants, people began to build houses near the fields.
Equipped dwellings appeared.
Domestication
Hunters sometimes brought young wild animals.
The small animals got used to the person and stayed with him.
The dog was the first domesticated animal
Cattle breeding – raising livestock.
Mountain goat
What new tools and objects did people have?
Houses, pottery, cloth clothing, bow and arrows, hoe, sickle, grain grater.
From appropriating the gifts of nature, people moved to producing necessary products through agriculture and cattle breeding. This was the greatest revolution in the life of ancient people.
gathering
agriculture
hunting
cattle breeding
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
1. The emergence of hoe farming. 2. Taming animals. 3. The emergence of crafts. 4.Kin and tribe. 5. Worldview.
Fill out the table and draw a conclusion: What was the main reason for the emergence of new sectors of the economy?
One day people noticed that the millet grains at the entrance to the cave sprouted. The women began to loosen the earth with a hoe and throw grains into the ground. This is how agriculture appeared.
In addition to the hoe, a stone ax and a sickle were used in farming. Using an ax, you cut down trees and bushes, then uprooted the stumps and burned everything. The ashes were mixed with the ground. It acted as fertilizer
The harvest was collected using a sickle made from bone. Stone blades were inserted into the sickle. The resulting grain was ground into flour, then it was mixed with water and the resulting mass was baked by the fire over coals.
At the same time, cattle breeding appeared. Men returning from hunting sometimes brought wounded animals or cubs. The first pet was a dog. Then pigs, goats, sheep and cows were domesticated. The emergence of agriculture and cattle breeding became possible because people had a surplus of food. Why? The economy gradually began to transform from an appropriating one into a producing one. Now people's well-being depended only on their labor.
With the development of the economy, people began to pay more attention to the manufacture of tools and household utensils. Since ancient times, people have woven goats from twigs and coated them with clay. The clay got wet if water got into the basket. One day, when the basket fell into the fire, the clay burned and became hard.
At the same time, weaving appeared. A simple loom was invented. Threads were made from flax, or spun from animal wool. People began to have linen and woolen clothes and they became more protected from bad weather.
Ancient people mastered technologies that were quite complex for that level. The slide shows a primitive drilling machine. With its help, people drilled holes in stone axes and then inserted the shaft into them.
Tribal community Tribal community Tribe Marriages elder elder Council of elders
For people, everything in nature was animated. The world, in their opinion, was inhabited by spirits. The most powerful spirits were called gods. If everything around is alive, then you can come to an agreement with everything—you just need to make a request to the gods—a prayer. Images of gods were called idols. To appease the gods, sacrifices were made to idols
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
The life of farmers and artisans.
Could other residents do without farmers and artisans?
NILE - life of Egypt
Agriculture
Before threshing, the owner fed the animals well. Why do you think?
The work of farmers. Winnowing. The threshed grain was full of chaff and all sorts of debris, so immediately after threshing they started winnowing: the grain was thrown up with their hands or small shovels. While it was falling, the wind carried away the lighter husks, and the heavier grains fell down. They tried to thresh and winnow in the morning and evening, when there was no sweltering heat.
Viticulture
Shaduf - system for watering gardens
Scribes collect taxes Scribes are very necessary for the nobles and the pharaoh. They will count and write down everything that they are ordered to do: how much grain is in the treasury, and what is the size of the fields cultivated by farmers, and what tax each of them is obliged to pay annually. Taxes are: 1) payment of something (money, part of the harvest or offspring of livestock, products made) to the lord by the dependent population; 2) products of labor that peasants or artisans gave to the treasury of the pharaoh.
10/5/2015 And farmers are afraid of scribes and complain about fate. But at the appointed time, a boat moored to the shore. A scribe and several guards with rods and sticks sit in it - woe to those who do not have enough grain. Scribes collect taxes
Residents of Egypt PHARAOH - ruler of Egypt, ruler, king GRANDBOYS - royal advisers, military leaders SCRIBE - tax collectors, clerks. FARMERS AND ARTISTS - ordinary residents of Egypt, taxpayers Priests - servants of the gods
Why were farmers and artisans at the very bottom of the power pyramid?
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Presentation on MHC for the lesson "Architecture of Ancient Egypt"; 8th grade
Presentation "Architecture of Ancient Egypt" for MHC lessons in grade 8. The presentation contains material about the complex of buildings of the most famous monuments of art of Ancient Egypt. Topic: Architecture of Ancient...
