All types and varieties of ficuses with photos, names and descriptions. Description of all varieties of Ficus Benjamin: variety, photo with names

Among the indoor plants grown in the home, an important place is occupied by figs. The genus includes hundreds of species, few of which are major popular indoor plants. The genus Ficus includes more than 1000 species of plants, trees, bushes and creepers. Genus, belongs to the family of Mulberry (Moraceae). Natural habitats are found in Asia, Africa, Australia. The species are varied, they all give off milky sap, which, in the case of sensitive people, can cause irritation in contact with skin.

At home, you can grow as large specimens, and smaller. It is worth noting, in the warmer parts of Europe, in the Mediterranean countries, in growing, you can find Fig Tree, or Fig (Ficus carica). The fruits are edible, can be eaten raw and after processing.

In this manual will be described some types and general rules of growing and caring at home for ficus.

Kinds

- natural habitat, northern Australia, India, Malaysia. Under natural conditions it grows a powerful tree, at home, it can reach several meters in height. There are many varieties with beautifully colored foliage, characterized by smaller sizes. Benjamin Ficus, is one of the most popular species, except for the whitish border on the leaves is characterized by thin, shiny, more rigid leaves. Hanging shoots look picturesque.

Benjamin Ficus is a species that is not too demanding to care, can grow in rooms with dry air due to leathery leaves. The basis of care for ficus Benjamin lighting should not be exposed to direct sunlight. In too dry a room, the flower will fold foliage. Do not expose the plant to drafts.

The plant is useful, absorbs chemical pollution in the room.

- An interesting view, which is a climbing shrub. Original plant with decorative foliage. Especially beautiful is the variety "White Sunny" with leaves with a white edge. The natural habitats of the species are Japan and China. In their natural habitat, the plant stems are several meters long; at home, they are much shorter, shortened by pruning.

It requires the provision of constant, high humidity, does not like direct sunlight. Dwarf ficus is not demanding to care at home, given the temperature. It grows well at room temperature and tolerates temperatures below 10 ° C.

Ficus binnady - the look can reach the big sizes, it is characterized by narrow and long leaves. The plant must provide a well-lit place, without direct sunlight. The temperature in summer is about 20 ° C, in winter not lower than 15 ° C.

- decorative variety with original and large leaves, leaves 40-50 cm long. Leaves are green, shiny, leathery, lyre-like, wavy at the edges. It grows to large sizes, in natural conditions (West Africa) is a large tree. At home it requires a lot of space. It is a species that requires lit place, without direct sunlight. Too low air humidity, will manifest drying foliage.

- treats the most popular types which are grown up in house conditions. It is characterized by large, shiny leaves, up to 20 cm long. At home, most cultivated varieties. In nature, a large tree. Characterizing the rapid growth. Over time, will require pruning, stimulates the plant to branch.

Does not apply to demanding species, you should comply with optimal care, thanks to which the plant will be full of strength. Requires a well-lit place, especially variegated varieties, without direct sunlight. Varieties with green foliage, more partial penumbra.

Ficus creeping - original appearance, characterized by lanceolate leaves and adventitious roots. The flower grown in the home, does not reach large sizes. Variety ‘Variegata’ with decorative, variegated leaves.

Does not apply to species that purify the air, is not picky about care, grows well at room temperature.

Ficus deltoid - a type not demanding to leaving in house conditions. It is characterized by more loose cut, leaves are not large, obovate. At home, the height can reach about 1-1.5 m. The plant looks decorative, not only because of the leaves, but because of the greenish fruit, the size of a pea.

- interesting tree view, more compact than Benjamin Ficus. Often grown as a bonsai tree. It requires a constant humidity, grows well in the home.

- the decorative look, in a natural habitat, is a powerful tree. It has decorative, large leaves, oval-shaped, elongated, with a marked venation.

Sorta

Ficus benjamina "Barok" (Baroque) - F. Benjamin variety with leaves, slightly twisted leaves. The grade reaches the small sizes.
Ficus benjamina "Starlight" (Starlight) - F. Benjamin's variety is decorative due to the beautiful, white color of the leaves. The brighter the light, the more intense the colored foliage.
Ficus radicans "Variegata" (variegata) - variety F. rooting with white edges on the leaves.
Ficus benjamina "Golden King" (Golden King) - F. Benjamin variety with white and yellow spots on the edges of the leaves.
Ficus benjamina "Reginald" (Reginald) - variety F. Benjamin, reaches large sizes. The young foliage is golden yellow, later greenish.
Ficus benjamina "Monique" (Monique) - a variety with green, slightly corrugated leaves.
Ficus benjamina "Variegata" (variegata) - a variety of F. Benjamin with two-color leaves.
Ficus elastica "Tineke" (Tineke) - variety F. rubber, has a creamy edge on the leaves.
Ficus benjamina "Judi" (Judy) - F. Benjamin's ornamental variety with leaves with golden pigment spots.
Ficus pumila "Sunny" (Sunny) - a popular variety F. dwarf with a white border on the leaves.
Ficus elastica "Decora" (Decor) - a popular variety F. rubberwood, the most common in cultivation. It is characterized by brilliant green foliage.
Ficus benjamina "Esther" (Esther) is a variety of F. Benjamin, characterized by bright green foliage.
Ficus elastica "Tricolor" (Tricolor) - grade F. rubber with very decorative leaves with shades of green, white, cream and light pink color.
Ficus pumila "Variegata" (variegata) - a variety F. dwarf with variegated foliage.
Ficus binnendijkii "Alii" (Ali) is a variety of F. binnendiyka, popular, has long and thin shoots, green, lanceolate leaves.
Ficus benjamina "Natasja" (Natasha) - F. Benjamin's variety with beautiful green leaves.

Care

Lighting, ficuses love the sun, especially Benjamin's ficus and varieties with variegated leaves. The ficus is rubbery, with green leaves, and dwarf ficus is less demanding to light.

The flower loves the sun, but should avoid direct sunlight. Too shaded place will lead to dropping of leaves, limit or stop growth. Ficuses do not like rooms with drafts, frequent movements from place to place.

As a substrate You can use a universal soil, with the addition of compost earth rich in humus. Ficus do not tolerate stagnant water, you need to use a well-permeable substrate. Vermiculite can be added to the substrate.

Transfer, young specimens are transplanted annually, old once in several years, in the case when the roots will be visible through the lower openings of the pot. In the case of large samples, you can replace the top layer of earth. When transplanting plants in the spring, you should remember about good drainage.

Temperature, ficuses grow well at room temperature, in the range of 18-24 ° C. During winter, temperatures for most species should not fall below 15 ° C.

Fertilization - moderate, during the growth period twice a month, every two weeks with universal liquid fertilizers.

Watering and humidity - depending on the temperature of the room, it is necessary to adjust the frequency of irrigation. Water with soft water, plentifully, so that excess water is removed from the stand. Before watering the plant, the substrate should dry out slightly, it is better to check the humidity of the substrate with your finger to make sure that the plant will not be flooded. Ficus like a slightly wet substrate, not wet and quickly react to overflow.

Ficuses especially small-leaved like spraying with soft, warm water, during irrigation the leaves are cleaned from dust.

Small-leaved varieties during the summer, will be grateful for washing in the shower, it will be easier to keep the plants clean.

Other care procedures - if necessary, ficuses can be cut off.

Breeding

Ficuses, as a rule, propagate vegetatively. In the case of ficus rubber and dwarf, reproduction should not be a problem. In other cases, it can be problematic and will require more attention and participation.

Breeding methods:

reproduction using apical cuttings,
reproduction using stem cuttings,
leaf reproduction
reproduction using air layering.

The most common method of reproduction of ficus is the method using apical cuttings. The method can be used for the reproduction of species: F. Benjamin, F. lyre-shaped, F. microcarp, F. arrow-shaped, F. dwarf, F. rubber-bearing, F. binnandyka, F. bottle-leaved.

Apical cuttings cut off in the spring. Each of the cuttings should have 2-3 leaves. The cuttings are placed in warm water until the milky juice stops flowing from the cuttings. It is necessary to prepare the soil, it must be permeable, a mixture of peat and sand (1: 1). After stopping the leak of the milky juice, the cuttings need to be dipped into the root formation stimulator. Previously, it is necessary to remove excess leaves, leaving two leaves at the top. In the pre-prepared hole, put the cutting and drip ground. Then watered and covered with foil. The temperature during rooting should be around 25 ° C.

Stem cuttings rooted also, but part of the stem, which has 2-3 leaves. The method allows to obtain a greater number of seedlings, since there are not too many tip cuttings.

Leaf reproduction, a method of reproduction is suitable for F. dwarf, F. rooting, F. rubber, F. lyre.

Via air layouts the ficus rubber-bearing plant multiplies more often, the plant loses its lower foliage over time, so you can get a new plant.

On the trunk make a longitudinal section under the sheet or under the place on which there was a sheet. Then the incision site is wrapped with sphagnum with moist moss, wrapped with a rope, then covered with a film. In a few weeks, the roots should appear. When the roots are well developed, cut off the plant below the rooting site and plant in a separate pot.

In the case of reproduction of species with large leaves, in order to reduce water evaporation from leaves, it is necessary to fold the leaf and tie, for example, with an elastic band.

Diseases

Diseases can be caused by different reasons, diseases are mainly fungal. The most common disease of ficus - anthracnose, manifests itself in numerous patches from yellow to brown in color, is on top of the leaf, sometimes captures the entire leaf. The fight against the disease consists in repeated spraying with a means of fungicidal action, after preliminary removal of the affected leaves.

Another disease of fungal origin - gray mold, can be defeated by spraying with a fungicidal action.

Pests

Of the pests, the most common problem is mites, scale insects, false defenses, thrips, mealybugs and even aphids.

In the case of the spider mite, yellowish spots appear on the leaf, leading to twisting, drying and falling leaves. Spider mites feed on juice, piercing the leaf plate from the bottom side. Ticks are small, easily recognizable by their characteristic web.

You can try to fight the pest with home remedies, for example, to increase the humidity of the air, previously isolated the ficus from other plants. Spraying helps to clean the leaves, to maintain a constant humidity of the air, you can cover the plant with a film for several days.

Spider mites - difficult pests to finally remove the need, use appropriate means. Spraying means should be repeated several times, after about 7 days.

Shchitovok and pseudo shield it is easy to distinguish by rounded shields, pests will appear along the main stem. The female hides under the shield, it is difficult to remove, resistant to most of the funds. The attack of shield insects leads to a delay in the growth of ficus, appear yellow spots on the leaves, over time, the leaves dry up.

Fight against shields - control of newly acquired plants, so as not to bring pests from outside.

When a small population with a pest can handle manually, remove insects with a cotton swab dipped in denatured alcohol. First, remove the flap in one motion, then new cotton swabwetted, one leaves are washed. Application of the method help avoid the spread of eggs and larvae pests that are under the shield.

Another way to deal with a pest is to remove the shields and wash the leaves with a soapy water solution.

When a massive attack is better to use a chemical agent.

Aphidleads to twisting of the leaves, you can fight with a mixture of water with soap, spray and wash the leaves.

Thripslove the dry air and the substrate that contributes to the appearance of the pest. The attack of thrips will appear thin, whitish-yellow spots on the leaves, over time more silver, the spots will cover most of the sheet. On the leaves will be visible dark excrement of pests.

The pest can be controlled with a special chemical agent.

With thrips hard to fight. If you do not use chemicals, you can try to remove with a cotton swab, brush, then wipe with denatured alcohol.

The remaining problems

When growing ficuses at home, you can face many problems, depending on the growing conditions.

The most common problems are:

Root rot, occurs when excessive watering;
Leaf fall - change of place, change of temperature, too dark place, drafts, too abundant watering, low temperature;
Yellowing leaves - too abundant watering;
Wilting leaves - too dry substrate;
The plant grows poorly or stunted, the leaves are pale, thin - the plant requires feeding, transplanting;
Dark spots on the leaves- Ficus is too cold.

Application

Types of ficuses are extremely diverse, it is easy to choose the type that is suitable for use in the living room, study or bedroom. When choosing plants, one should be guided not only by aesthetics, but also by the conditions of care. Available types of ficus require different care at home, it is easy to grow, for example, rubber plant, you can buy species that are more difficult to care, ficus-lyre.

Motley ficuses can be a good architectural accent. The texture of motley leaves looks good in various compositions . You can buy ficus with small leaves, ficus dwarf, with large, ficus lyre.

Lanceolate, oblong leaves are characteristic of the ficus binndiika, has numerous varieties with variegated foliage. There are really many species and varieties, it is not necessary to be limited to one ficus.

Concluding remarks

To emphasize the beauty of plants, pay attention to the pots. Pots with low aesthetic value, interfere with the aesthetics of plants, do not allow to fully reveal the beauty. A flower pot with a plant should be a close-knit duet, harmoniously complementing each other.

Very beautiful, but whimsical variety. It is considered one of the most light-loving plants. Demanding conditions of detention. Air temperature at least 20 degrees.

The lighting is bright, but does not like direct sunlight. On hot days it needs shading. With good care it grows fast.

Leaf at 4-6 cm, slightly curved, shaped like a small boat. The color is bright green with a wide white stripe, there are almost white leaves.

ATTENTION: If the plant does not have enough light or heat, it can shed its leaves.

Natasha

Small-leaved varieties with beautiful glossy leaves no more than 3 cm. The color is bright green. The tip of the leaflet is slightly bent, and the leaf itself along the central vein is bent inward. The plant is less whimsical in care. It grows slowly.

As it grows, the bottom of the trunk may become bare.

Kinky

Small-leaved variety, picky about bright lighting. Care is not difficult. The plant has straight leaflets, up to 4 cm in size. The color of this variety is a delicate light green color, the edge of the leaf is cream with small strips of lettuce color.

REFERENCE: At a young age it has the form of a thick bush, as it grows it is drawn out and becomes a tree.

With a lack of light sheet becomes monochrome. Growth is moderate.

Golden king

One of the most resistant variegated varieties. Very beautiful plant. The sheet, corrugated on the edge, has a golden-green color with dark green small stripes.

Young leaves have a pronounced color, but as they grow, the leaf becomes monotonous (green). Sheet size 5-6 cm.

Daniel

The grade is unpretentious in leaving, it is not so exacting to bright light. May grow in partial shade. Sheet 6 cm, dark green, shiny, glossy, the tip is strongly elongated.

Like many varieties of ficus initially similar to a bush, over time grows and becomes a tree.

Wiandi

Small-leaved variety, leaf size not more than 3 cm in length and about 1 cm in width. Sheet is like a little boat. Sometimes the Vandi variety is confused with the Natasha variety, they are very similar to each other. The difference in the shape of the trunk. Wiandi's trunk is twisted, very fragile.

REFERENCE:Many growers grow this variety as bonsai.

This is facilitated by the very slow growth of the plant.

Exotic

One of the most unpretentious varieties. It can even be grown on northern windows. Grows well in partial shade. Leaf color is green. Before the next watering requires a good drying earthen coma. Sheet size 6 cm.

IMPORTANT:Water carefully. Hard sheet coating is not conducive to the rapid evaporation of moisture.

Curly

A variety requiring special care. He needs to create good lighting, but he does not like direct sunlight.

In the room where Curly grows should be very warm and relatively humid.

If you comply with all the conditions you get a plant with dark green leaves with white spots. If in other species the leaf is colored more evenly, there are no rules for Curly.

On one plant in the neighborhood there can be branches with white-green leaves and shoots, on which only white leaves flaunt. And the pure white leaves, always located on one branch, and not mixed with others.

IMPORTANT:If the coverage is insufficient - Curly will lose his elegant color.

Sheet size is from 3 to 5 cm. Leaves are both straight and curved. This species is growing very slowly.

ATTENTION:If the leaves lose their color and become monotonously green again variegated, they will never be. But at observance of a light mode new motley leaves will grow.

Fantasy

A peculiar plant - two in one. If you carefully examine it, it may seem that someone has connected two plants into one. On one branch there is an obvious escape with strongly pronounced signs of the Curley variety, and next to it there is a branch with leaves like that of Daniel.

In Thailand, enterprising guides come up with different tales of two lovers, separated by evil fate and united in this plant. In one case it is a poor girl and a rich young man, in the other a girl and a clergyman ... I heard at least 5 such stories. And everyone who wants is asking for help from the tree in conjunction with the beloved ...

In Thailand, ficuses are considered sacred trees. And many stories about these amazing plants are shrouded in mystery and magic.

As for our Fantasy - the plant is not very capricious, but the lighting requires bright.

Monique

Variety with large green leaves, on the edge of the corrugated. The plant is distinguished by thin, drooping branches. It is quite unpretentious, easily tolerates partial shade, but if the plant is for a long time without sufficient lighting, the branches become very thin, elongated and lifeless.

The leaf size is 6-7 cm. It grows rapidly, in order to maintain and improve the shape of the plant, it is necessary to pinch the tips of the shoots.

Naomi

Variety like Monique. The conditions are the same, but the sheet is smaller - 5 cm. The leaf color is dark green, slightly corrugated on the edge. In the same way as Monique, in Naomi variety there are specimens with leaves on which leaflets with emerald spots are clearly visible.

Unpretentious, growing quickly, requires pinching.

Midnight Lady

The variety is not whimsical to care. It grows well on the eastern windows, easily tolerates partial shade. According to the description is very similar to the grade Daniel.

REFERENCE:It has very dark foliage, the difference with the variety of Daniel is that the Midnight Lady has a sheet slightly corrugated on the edge.

Esther

Plant with a leaf size of 4-5 cm., Color uniform light green. The variety is not whimsical to care. It requires only timely watering, plant nutrition during the growing season.

Nina

Small-leaved variety, leaf color grayish-green, on the edge of a thin yellow stripe. Care is the same as in other species. Light and thermophilic.

It does not grow fast, but not very slowly. Responds well to “warm shower”.

Nicole

In appearance it is similar to the Nina variety, however there is a difference in the color of the leaf - Nicole has a lighter and wider strip. The leaf is bent in a boat, the edge is smooth, not wavy. Barrel like a sort of Wandi little zigzag.

Safari

Small-leaved variety, very beautiful, rich in variety of leaf color. Green leaf with cream marble color. It seems that someone poured light paint on a dark green bush and it spilled and splashed with various patterns all over the surface.

The leaves are like small boats, the size of a leaflet is no more than 3 cm. Two equally colored leaves are not found. It grows slowly. In the care capricious. Requires constant attention.

IMPORTANT:Poor transfers waterlogging and the lack of necessary lighting. With a lack of light, it quickly becomes just green.

Barok

Very interesting copy. He is not like any of his fellows. Leaves of dark green color are twisted into a tube not along, but across the sheet.

It grows slowly, in the care is not whimsical. Virtually no branch. If you want to get a lush plant, plant several seedlings in one pot. Flower growers love to experiment with this variety.

TIP:With the help of wire branches of the plant, you can betray any direction. The stems of young plants grow well together and any model of the plant can be constructed.

Anastasia

Homeland "" - warm countries with a predominantly tropical climate. You can meet huge wild ficuses in India, Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and the Philippines.

It is possible to learn “Anastasia” by the leaves - from the other species it is distinguished by a light green border on a wavy edge and a central vein of the same color. Otherwise, these are classic leaves of ficus - large (7 cm long and 3 cm wide), dense, dark green in color.

Variegated

Homeland plants - Eastern India, but the information in this regard is ambiguous. The homeland of the ficus is called Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It is in nature a tall tree with a wide crown and falling branches.

In room conditions, this weeping tree rarely exceeds the height of 2.4 m, although there are instances up to 3 m.

Conclusion

The variegated types of Benjamin Ficus are much more demanding to care and maintenance than single-colored ones. The intensity of the color of the leaves directly depends on the lighting of the place where the plant is grown.

TIP:The less light gets to our plant, the greener the leaves will be. And if the place is well lit, the pattern on the leaves will be clearly pronounced.

Ficuses are not very difficult to grow at home. If you carefully follow all the conditions of the content you will get a wonderful plant with amazing colors.

The most important thing to choose from a huge number of varieties of plants, which for many years will become a favorite for you and your household.

Ficus plant can often be found at home. In nature, this flower is able to endure various severe weather conditions. But in order to successfully keep a room ficus, you must be prepared for the fact that home care must be sufficiently attentive and distinctive. Ficus, home care for which you need to provide in a timely manner, will surely delight you with its healthy appearance.

Botanical description

Homeland of ficus - a tropical climate. In the wild, distributed in Africa, Asia. However, some varieties quite successfully can be grown in open ground and in latitudes with a temperate climate. For example, the fig tree with tasty edible fruits, which are known to us as figs, quite successfully blossoms and bears fruit in the Crimea.

But still, indoor flowers and home maintenance of ficus are more familiar to us. However, in order to successfully grow them at home, it is important to know a number of nuances how to care for them.

First of all, it is necessary to remember where the homeland of this now indoor plant is, and starting from this to keep under certain lighting, watering, reproducing, which process to choose, how to root it, pinching when pruning, how to form a flower, carry out weaving, what home care contributes to the fact that the ficus blooms.

Care for ficus at home

Lighting

Analyzing the home space with respect to illumination, these indoor flowers are best kept in a fairly bright place. However, from direct sunlight need pritenyat.

Growing a ficus to know what kind of lighting your houseplant requires, you need to take into account information about a particular species. For example, the dwarf home care variety is required constantly in diffused light. Unlike the rubber ficus, which is not afraid of the summer morning rays.

Often ficuses - shade-tolerant home flowers. However, it is better to care for the ficus in a fairly bright place, because such conditions are provided by its homeland. That is why often the amount of light depends on how a house plant feels.

If a room flower has dark green foliage, then it can more easily tolerate shade than if the pet had a variegated color. In such a home environment, the colors will become less and less bright.
The lack of lighting at home can lead to the dropping of leaves, lengthening of internodes, slowing growth, the growth of new shoots without foliage.
The same home plant blooms with very abundant light.

Air temperature

In the summer, the temperature can reach up to 30 degrees, in the winter it is better to keep at a temperature not higher than 20.

Soil requirements

The soil for ficus should be selected depending on whether you have a young home plant or are already mature. Care for young stock is necessary in a light mixture. Older houseplants need a denser substrate. Home care in the purchase mix is not always the best option.

Watering mode

Watering a home plant is better not on schedule, but based on its real needs.

In the summer, at home it is necessary to water more abundantly, but make sure that the soil has time to dry before the next watering. Be sure to drain the remaining water from the pan. In winter, watering a home plant should be moderately, you should not allow excess moisture.

Watering a home plant is important to carefully it is important that he did not lose the leaves. This can happen, as with a lack of moisture (the leaves fall off one by one), and with an excess (the leaves fall off en masse). Therefore, home care should be as attentive as possible.

It is important not only to water these indoor flowers, but also to monitor the sufficient humidity of the air. To do this, it will not be superfluous to place a home hygrometer in the room where the plant care will take place. Its indicators should be at the level of 50–70 percent. The love of humid air was brought to the culture by the domestic phicuses also on the grounds that their homeland is humid tropics. It is also necessary to care for wiping sheets and sprinkling them with soft water.

Top dressing

Domestic ficuses will respond favorably to feeding twice a month from March to September.

Bloom

Indoors ficus blooms rarely. To do this, it is necessary to fill the home space as much as possible with the same conditions as its homeland. In order to see the flowering of ficus, most likely, you will have to go to the greenhouse.

Most readily blooms two types of ficuses - karika and raznolistny.

Reproduction of room ficus

To get a new indoor flower ficus, actually use reproduction in three different ways:

grafting;
sheet;
air layouts.

It is better to carry out reproduction at home in the spring and summer. Young indoor flowers themselves should be protected from bright light.

Reproduction by cutting

If you want to grow a new home plant, reproduction by cuttings is best suited for most species of ficus. To get the cutting, you need to take an escape, which will have two - three leaves and a length of about 13 centimeters. Domestic ficuses may be rooted in both water and substrate.

Reproduction by air layouts

This breeding method lends itself well to the domestic ficuses of the variety Benjamin. A sturdy escape is necessary to incise and attach moss to it. If you provide this place with proper care in terms of constant moistening, then soon roots will appear on it.

Also for some species of ficus seed propagation and cloning may be appropriate.

Ficus crown formation

Knowing a few tricks and having the desire to form an unusual home plant, you can grow a real natural work of art from indoor ficus at home.

Possible methods, as it is unusual to form home ficuses: weaving trunks, shtamb, bush, crown care.

One of the ways - weaving trunks. It is possible to begin to form in this way home flowers, which have more than one process of the same strength, and also about 15 centimeters high. Weaving exactly the same trunks is very important that over time one process does not pass the other. At the initial stage, weaving should be fixed with a thread. It is necessary to use at home soft, for example, woolen thread, which will not dig into the appendage of room ficus, and will not interfere with its formation further. Weaving trunks with two shoots is possible in the form of a spiral, where there are three processes - a pigtail. With any kind of formation of a home flower will look neat and unusual.
In order to form homemade ficuses in the shape of a bush, it is necessary to pinch their main trunk. After such a procedure, there will be an emergence of a new and a new lateral process. Each process must be cut to maintain the required height of the bush.
It is possible to form a room ficus stem by taking a young home flower that has a central vertical trunk formed. It is necessary to cut one after another the lower process, leaving 4 or more processes. A young houseplant should be tied to a support until the main trunk stiffens.
Trimming room ficus should occur exclusively in the period of early spring. Winter pruning of ficus can lead to an uneven, crooked indoor plant growing at home due to a lack of strength for the growth of all shoots.

The cut of the thick process must be made oblique, and always in any case under the kidney.

Correct Ficus Transplant

Young plant specimens are transplanted annually with the onset of spring. Ficuses that have reached 4 years of age, as a rule, are transplanted no more than 1 time in 24 months, while adding fresh soil to the pot annually.

On a note! For ficus transplantation at home, only loose and nutritious soil is suitable.

In that case, if you notice a rapid drying of the soil, then the root system has little free space and nutrients. In this regard, we can conclude that it is time for a ficus transplant. After completion of this process, carefully monitor the condition of your plant and do not be alarmed if it throws off the leaves, and its growth will slow down a bit. So it should be. With an increase in free space, the root system develops more slowly. Time will pass and growth will begin to increase.

Caring for ficus at home and implies the correct transplant. Therefore, everyone should be aware of the correctness of this process.

How is the transplant:

Water the plant so that it can be easily removed from the tank.
Carefully remove the layer of earth.
We take a new pot and pour drainage into it, which is sprinkled on top with soil.
We transfer our ficus to a new capacity.
Evenly cover the root system with soil.
We pour some water.

Ficus sheds leaves

This phenomenon is a fairly common problem. It can occur for a variety of reasons.

Natural leaf dropping

With the onset of the autumn and winter periods, the ficus begins to drop a number of lower leaves. Do not be upset because of this, as this process is natural. If this happens in spring or summer, then the problem is improper watering or lack of lighting.

Condition change

The ficus belongs to a number of vulnerable plants and very painfully tolerates a change in location, lighting or temperature.

Excessive watering

It is necessary to reduce the level of watering and the problem will pass by itself.

Lack of nutrients

To eliminate this problem, you need to feed the plant or transplant it into a new soil.

Diseases and pests

To eliminate the problem of this nature, it is necessary to treat the plant with special preparations.

Ficus diseases

This indoor plant may be subject to various diseases, the removal of which every florist should know.

Fungal diseases

Root rot

With the advent of this disease ficus begins to fade and becomes gray. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this problem and the plant along with the pot will have to be sent to a landfill.

Black mushroom

As a rule, it appears as a gray bloom on the leaves. To eliminate it, you need to wipe the leaves with a soap sponge or even remove them with a strong defeat.

Gray rot

With the advent of this disease, you can see gray mold on the leaves and stalk. It occurs at elevated levels of moisture or hot temperatures in the room.

Fungus on the leaves

Black spots appear on the leaves, after which they die.

Ficus pests

Often, the most different parts of the ficus can be attacked by pests. Quite often, the plant is impossible to save and it dies.

It is necessary to regularly carry out preventive measures in order to avoid the appearance of pests on the ficus.

Spider mite

This pest sucks the nourishing juice from the plant and leaves a gray stain. To eliminate it, the plant is covered with polyethylene for several days and processed with the infusion of garlic.

Nematodes

Mealybug

His lair is like pieces of cotton. Can be eliminated with special insecticides.

Shchitovka

It is expressed in brown spots. It is eliminated with the help of soap solution and insecticides.

Thrips

If the leaves begin to turn yellow - this is one of the factors for the appearance of aphids. Soapy water will help us fight it.

Leaf Diseases

The leaves began to die off

Typically, this phenomenon occurs through exposure to pests.

Leaves change color or fall off

Often, this happens when there is an insufficient level of nutrients and minerals in the soil. To eliminate the problem will have to transplant the plant in a more nutritious soil.

The leaves may turn yellow with an overabundance of moisture and brown under high temperature conditions.

Yellowing leaves

With the onset of the winter season, this problem becomes the most common. To avoid it you need to spray more often.

Causes of disease

Caring for a ficus obliges a grower to stock up with a considerable amount of knowledge for normal and productive growing of a plant.

There are several main causes of the appearance and development of diseases in ficus.

Insufficient light level

This is especially true of the winter period. The leaves begin to turn yellow, fall off, and the overall development of the plant slows down significantly.

Temperature conditions

With sharp changes in temperature, the plant begins to shed its leaves and wither.

I will introduce you to the most wonderful indoor plant - Ficus.

Ficus Religiosa in the Buddhist tradition is considered a cosmic tree, also known as "Bo", and is also called the "tree of enlightenment."

Today, in the East, in every temple there is a ficus tree Religiosa and it is considered a sacred tree.

Each species of ficus belongs to the mulberry family and is an evergreen.

In nature, they are about two thousand species - from ground-cover plants with small leaves to the impressive size of trees with large leaves, but only about 20 species can be called indoor plants ficus.

In home-growing, the most popular are the “head of the family” - Ficus elastica (Ficus rubber) and its varieties Ficus rubber-bearing Robusta and Ficus rubber-decora. The following types are very common among indoor plants:

Houseplant ficus rubber.

At home, with good care, the plant turns into a tree up to two meters high, with large and leathery, oval-shaped dense leaves, 10-20 cm wide and up to 35 cm long.

This species is characterized by aerial "roots-supports". The plant’s homeland is Burma, the Himalayas, Nepal and the tropics of India, West Africa and Sri Lanka, where the tree can grow to a height of 25-30 m.

A weak branching is characteristic of the stem of the rubber-bearing variety. In indoor floriculture, the plant has been known since 1815 - precisely in the 19th century. learned to grow its narrow-leaved form. Green forms are easier to grow than variegated.

Ficus rubber in astrology is, and on the emotional and physical level affects a person. Follow the link, there is interesting information on this topic.

The ficus robusta (robusta) is distinguished by larger and wider leaves than the ficus decora (decor).

Here are several varieties of ficus.

Fikus lirata (ficus lyrate). This beautiful plant with large leaves of a violin shape with a leaf tip is much wider (up to 60 cm long and 25 cm wide), dark green, glossy, leathery, with ribs and folds and with yellow wavy edges. In natural conditions, the height of the tree of lyre ficus can reach 12 meters. Weakly branching erect stem does not have aerial roots. The plant needs good natural light, but it burns in direct sunlight.
Ficus tricolor (Ficus tricolor) - except for cream spots, the plant is distinguished by light pink stains on green leaves,
Ficus diversifolia is a slow-growing shrub, up to a meter in height. The leaves are covered with brown specks,
Black Princ ficus elastica (Black Prince) with almost black leaves,
Ficus elastica doescheri (dochécheri) with red mid-vein and cream spots.
Ficus elastica variegata (Ficus rubber varegata) is distinguished by a leaf plate with creamy edges.

Ficus elastica variegata

Ficus elastica doescheri

Ficus elastica black princ

ficus diversifolia

When caring for these species you need to monitor the purity of their leaves.

If a short stalk or leaf is damaged, the ficus releases poisonous juice.

To avoid poisoning after working with a ficus, you must wash your hands thoroughly. This variety practically does not bloom, although in general it is unpretentious and differs in its ability to adapt to the conditions of detention.

The rubber-plant ficus can shed its leaves during a dormant period when there is an excess of moisture or in too dry soil.

Houseplant Ficus rubbery unpretentious to the humidity of the air, can withstand high temperatures and dry air, does not require bright lighting.

When caring for variegated forms, it is important to remember: they do not withstand the drying of earthen coma and direct sunlight, require frequent bathing and spraying the leaves, they grow much slower than varieties with green leaves of the same tone.

ficus-pumila-minima

Pumila (ficus dwarf houseplant) is a creeping or climbing ampelous plant with numerous thin long shoots up to 5 m long.

Pumila grows to the soil by adventitious roots and covers it with a thick carpet. Homeland plants - China and Japan.

Slightly “corrugated” small heart-shaped leaves have a length of up to 2.5 cm, and the young shoots are asymmetrical plates.

If the plant is propagated by such shoots vegetatively, then in the future the asymmetry will remain in the adult plant.

The size of the leaves increases with age, reaching 10 cm. A dwarf plant also has variegated forms, the leaf length of which does not exceed 0.7 cm.

Shoots grow very slowly; This culture tolerates a lack of light more easily than direct sunlight. With increased humidity and air temperature, the growth rate of shoots increases.

Ficus benjamina - most popular in indoor floriculture due to its universal size and similarity with a real tree.

There are many varieties of plants - Nuda, Natasha, Hawaii, Variegata, Gold Princes, Starlight, each of which resembles a weeping tree of two meters in height.

The difference is manifested only in the color and shape of the leaves, for example, the Baroque variety is distinguished by twisted sheet plates.

The Ficus Benjamin houseplant has ovate leaves with narrow, pointed edges of various widths up to 12 cm long.

Leaf color can be either monochromatic light green, shimmering in the sun, or two-color.

The plant is characterized by the presence of aerial roots-supports, which serve as many growers material for beautiful weaves.

The roots grow together with each other - it turns out a decorative trunk with an open light brown bark.

Vertical stems of this very unpretentious plant during growth take a horizontal direction, easily tolerate a haircut. A certain stability can be created by planting several rubber plants into the pot at once.

Each of the types of ficus represented here can decorate any interior of an apartment or office, but you should be careful, as it releases oxygen only during the day. And therefore . Follow the link.

Ficus refer to, more about this in the relevant article.

Features care for ficus.

Temperature mode.

Since most plants of tropical and subtropical origin, they are well tolerated bright light, but do not like direct sunlight. Only lyrata ficus requires less light.

Ficuses usually love heat and will not suffer even from a temperature of 30 ° C, only ficus of elastic does not like temperatures above 24 ° C.

Watering.

In the summer, watering about twice a week, while in the autumn-winter period, it is enough to water every 10-15 days.

You should spray the leaves every 20-25 days or so with warm water and unknown, which could leave unpleasant deposits on the leaves.

In any case, never use water that is too cold and avoid stagnant water in the pan to prevent rotting of the roots. For these purposes, you can use gravel, expanded clay or pieces of ceramics, which will provide rapid drainage of excess water.

Soil - Transplant.

Ficus is transplanted in the spring and only when the plant shows that there are few places for it (the roots come out of the hole below).

The soil should be soft, porous, well drained and slightly acidic pH = 6. Peat soil and clay pots can be used as they allow the ground to breathe.

Additional information can be found in the article. Follow the link.

We must remember that in order to never remove aerial roots (for example, ficus elastic), you must always support the trunk with a support.

Fertilizer.

Ficus fertilizer liquid fertilizer, diluted with water, every 15 days in spring and summer, and once every two months in the autumn-winter period.

For all green plants, that is, for those plants that produce a lot of leaves, it is preferable to use fertilizers that have a fairly high nitrogen content (N), which goes, specifically, to the development of green parts.

In addition to the so-called “macro” elements, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), of which Nitrogen must be larger, have the meaning of “micro-nutrients”, such as iron (Fe) , manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo). All of them are important for proper and balanced plant growth.

Tip: You can slightly reduce the dose, those that are listed on the label, as they are always exaggerated, and by the way, if you plant a plant in a new good soil every 2 years, you give your plants a good supply of essential nutrients.

Pruning

To stimulate the growth of lateral shoots so that the Ficus bush looks more dense, pruning the main branches or plucking the upper leaves is best done in spring.

And in those cases when it is necessary to reduce the plant, if in your opinion it has grown too much, pruning should be done at the end of winter, since, at this time, the latex leakage is minimal.

Take care that the instruments are clean and disinfected (preferably a flame) to avoid contamination of plant tissues. Dab the wounds with coal to prevent latex leakage.

Breeding.

Cuttings.

Apical cuttings with 4-6 leaves in spring and summer (April-August) are cut just below the knot (roots will grow from it) about 10 cm long (a little more in the case of Ficus lyrata or ficus elastica). The same is true when taking cuttings with leaves of a part of the stem.

Trimming done with a razor blade or a sharp knife (disinfected with a flame).

Before lowering the stalk into the soil, it is necessary to sprinkle it with coal dust and leave it in the air for 24 hours to coagulate the latex that protrudes from the wound.

Remove the lower leaves, the tip of the cutting can be sprinkled with powder for rooting.

In the case of Ficus with leathery leaves, it is appropriate to twist the lower leaves and secure with a rubber band to reduce (sweating) evaporation.

After this, ficus cuttings are inserted into the soil consisting of equal parts of coarse sand and peat.

Make holes in the soil with a pencil and all the cuttings and arrange as shown in the figure. Then gently compact the soil.

Cover the pot with cuttings on top with a plastic bag, put in a shade at a temperature of about 18 ° C for Benjamin's ficus and slightly higher (21-24 ° C) for the elastic Ficus and Ficus and lyrata.

The soil should be slightly wet (not wet). Every day, you must remove the plastic bag to control soil moisture and remove plastic condensation.

As soon as the first shoots begin to appear, this means that ficus roots were formed. Then you need to remove the plastic bag and place the pot in a bright place.

After the shoots have become sufficiently large and have given vigorous new shoots, they must be transplanted into a container for permanent residence.

Pests and diseases.

Fall leaves.

Leaf fall can have various causes:
bad care:

that is, the plant receives little light,
the plant has been exposed to cold air,
the plants do not receive enough water (this is especially F. Benjamin), which, consequently, leads to an excessive concentration of salt in the substrate, which is poorly suited to the life of the plant.

Control measures: Analyze and correct mistakes.

Leaves droop.

These are signs of excessive watering.

Yellowing leaves.

The leaves turn yellow from excessive watering.

remedies: Check the soil if it is too wet, dry it and follow normal watering.

Leaves shrivel (F. creeping)

If the leaves shrivel, it is especially in F. creeping means that the soil remains constantly wet.
Means: It is better to regulate watering, although it is unlikely that a plant exposed to this effect can return to its original state.

Necrotic spots on the leaves of Ficus elastica

The presence of such spots on the leaves of this species due to lack of water.
Means: It is advisable to water more regularly and place the plant in a less bright place.

Partial dried leaves.

If you notice that some parts of the leaves are dry and burned, as it were, this means that the leaves were exposed to direct sunlight.

Correct the situation, move the pot away from the glass away and make sure that when watering a drop of water does not fall on the leaves, creating a lens.

At home, about 20 species of ficus are grown, and in total this genus includes almost 2000 species. The shape and appearance of these plants can be very diverse. These are tall trees and dwarf ground cover rubber plants. Their main part is evergreen species, but deciduous variations are also found.

Today, the fashion for ficuses in the interior is back again. Large specimens are excellent as soliter for large rooms: halls and living rooms. These are ficuses such as lyre-like, rubber-capped, Binnandyk. Species with ampelous shoots look perfect in vertical compositions.

Let's talk about the most popular species and varieties of ficus plants, which are so diverse that absolutely everyone will be able to choose a plant for themselves in the soul and with suitable dimensions.

Grade Gold Princes

The most popular tree species up to 2 meters tall with small leaves and drooping branches. Depending on the variety, the sheet plate may have different shades of color and different size. The edges of the leaves can be both smooth and wavy, and the leaves themselves can curl. Derived variegated varieties of ficus Benjamin. The tips of the leaves are slightly drawn and form a funnel to drain excess moisture from the glossy surface.

A variety of colors and drooping branches of this type of ficus, of course, attracts the eye and like most buyers. But in the care of the plant has certain requirements. If Benjamin Ficus is not provided with suitable conditions, the plant can shed its leaves and lose its decorative effect.

This species does not like to relocate. If you still had to rearrange it, the pot must be turned to the light with the same side as before, otherwise leaf fall is provided. Varieties with variegated leaves are more demanding on color than green ficuses.

Starlight grade

Water the plant should be moderate, but regularly. Ficus Benjamin does not like waterlogging, and drying out the soil.

The plant tolerates cutting, which allows you to form a crown of the desired shape.

Formation of air roots is peculiar to this variety, as they grow, beautiful weaves can be formed, which gives the tree an even greater decorative effect.

Ficus Benjamin: video

Robusta variety

The most common and unpretentious type of ficus. It is believed that it cleans the air in the room well and saturates it with oxygen. There are variegated varieties that are a bit finicky in content. This ficus received its Latin name due to the fact that its milky juice contains rubber used for rubber production.

This species reluctantly branches, and in order to force it to this, it is recommended to cut off the top of an adult plant. It can be further rooted and get a new plant. Over time, the lower leaves age and fall off, the trunk becomes bare, which reduces the decorativeness of the plant.

So that the ficus does not lose its foliage prematurely due to improper care, it is impossible to prevent overmoistening of the soil, a sudden change in temperature, an excess of fertilizers.

It is important to maintain good illumination, placing the ficus as close as possible to the window or on the windowsill. We can say that this plant is a conservative who does not like change.

Variety abidjan

If the rubber plant ficus likes growing conditions, it will give 1 new leaf each week in the active growth phase. In winter, a period of rest. Water the plant gently with warm water, drying the earthy coma between waterings. In the heat, it is desirable to spray. This ficus also likes when its leaves are rubbed with a wet sponge.

Common varieties:

Robusta - leafy green cover, unpretentious appearance;
Abidjan - has burgundy streaks on leaf plates, which gives it originality;
Belize - has a tricolor color, in the center of the leaf is green, and on the edges has white and pink spots, light-requiring;
Black Prince - named for the almost black color of the leaf cover, has no special requirements for care;
Melany - has a compact crown, it is willing to branch, it differs from other varieties;
Tineke - a tricolor variety with white, pistachio and green coloring of leaves, whimsical, gets sick from improper care.

Rubber plant: video

Bambino variety

The name of the species received for the similarity of large wavy leaves with lyre. Against a dark background, foliage has embossed light streaks. The leaf can grow up to 50 cm, so the plant has impressive dimensions and requires a lot of space, but it does not tolerate neighborhood with other colors.

Loves diffused bright light and moderate temperature. During the rest period (in winter) - cool content at a temperature of 12-15 °. For watering use warm water. The earth should not be constantly wet. Requires drying between watering. In the spring, summer and autumn, 2 times a month, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is necessary. In the summer it is desirable to spray the leaves and wipe them with a damp sponge. The flower is transplanted when the pot is completely filled with the root system.

Famous varieties of ficus lyrate:

Columnaris - tall variety, suitable for offices, clubs, restaurants, requires a lot of space, fast-growing;
Little Fiddle is a medium-sized plant, suitable for spacious living rooms;
Bambino - perfectly fit into a small apartment, as it has a compact size.

Sort Amstel Gold

This is a tree species of ficus originally from South Asia. Evergreen tree has long narrow drooping leaves, grows quite quickly. Sometimes this species is called the ivolist ficus for its external similarity with willow. Ficus Ali is thermophilic and does not tolerate cold and drafts at all. There is no expressed rest period. As the plant continues to grow in winter, it needs light.

This ficus is suitable for the formation and content in the form of bonsai, but since the leaves are rather large, for proportionality it is grown taller than traditional bonsai. To enhance the stability of the plant, it is desirable to establish a support. Propagation can be cuttings that rooted without problems. Suitable for keeping in rooms and in the winter garden. Perfectly complements the interior in Asian style.

Ampelnye ficuses

F. Variegata

On the drooping shoots are 4-5 cm leaves, elongated in shape. Breeders bred variegated varieties. This ficus loves heat and water. Even a short drying of the earthy coma is unacceptable, the plant may die from it. Dry air also does not tolerate this type of ficus.

It is best to keep it in a small aquarium or greenhouse, where it is easy to maintain high humidity.

When creating a composition inside the aquarium, you can arrange a natural snag, on which shoots can climb up. The sun rays this ficus can not tolerate. It grows well in bright ambient light or artificial light.

It has a variety of F. Variegata with a cream border around the edge of the leaves.

White Sunny

Small-leaved species originally from China and Japan. An unusual ficus, not at all similar to other species, it is also called the ficus tiny. It can be grown as an ampelous, creeping and climbing plant. Thin shoots can grow in length up to 5 meters. May grow to the soil by adventitious roots. Do support requires fastening.

Leaves grow as 2.5 cm hearts with corrugated edges. At young leaflets initially asymmetric form. With age, the leaves become larger, as they continue to grow. Breeders brought a mini form with leaves no more than 0.7 cm in length and variegated varieties of dwarf ficus. Direct sun plant can not tolerate. The growth of shoots is accelerated in a warm room with high humidity.

Common varieties and varieties:

Ficus pumila var. Macrophylla - has leaves, larger in comparison with other variations;
Ficus pumila var. Awkeotsang - characterized by the appearance of elongated fruits;
Ficus pumila var. Quercifolia - the leaves of this plant have an oak-like shape;
White Sunny - variegated variety with a light border;
Dorte - on the leaves there are golden blotches

Ficus palmeri

Such ficuses in room culture are grown as trees with a thickened lower part of the trunk. This is possible due to their special structure. Originally from the drylands, they grow in Mexico and southern California. Caudex (a thickened lower part of the trunk) is necessary for this plant to accumulate a supply of moisture inside. Above, the trunk remains narrow.

In home culture, bottle ficuses need wide, low pots, since their root system is superficial.

When planting, a drainage layer of 4-5 centimeters is required. In winter, these ficuses are recommended to have a rest period, gradually reducing watering. In the spring, the transition to normal watering should be smooth. In the summer the plants are watered abundantly, but not too often.

The most famous species:

Ficus petiolaris is the brightest representative of caudex ficus, a large plant with heart-shaped leaves of 10-15 cm in size, characterized by unpretentiousness and rapid growth;
Ficus palmeri - has a light green glossy leaves elongated heart-shaped, often grown in the form of bonsai, caudex is formed only when grown from seed.

Ficus trees

Over time, this species forms from its own air roots trunks-supports, the so-called banyans, which have one large crown and grow in nature for many kilometers. Let's talk about the most prominent representatives of this species.

Ficus carica

Figs are also called figs, figs, and grapes. It has a very wide range of growth from the Mediterranean to South Africa. Known to mankind for many centuries, according to legend, it was the fig tree leaves that were covered in the paradise of Adam and Eve. In some cultures it is considered a sacred tree (among Muslims, Jews, Buddhists). It has edible fruits.

Sacred or religious ficus (ficus religiosa)

This species is from Southeast Asia. In India, this tree is revered, believing that under his shadow the Buddha attained enlightenment. The most famous ancient specimen supposedly about 3 thousand years.

In nature, it grows to 30 meters and with age acquires aerial roots, forming props. It is deciduous. In culture, it is difficult to tolerate dry air and heat. Can in such conditions shed the leaves. The sacral ficus is able to predict the change in the weather, forming droplets of moisture on the leaves when the atmospheric pressure changes.

Ficus var. Krishnae

Sometimes this type of ficus is called simply banyan. In nature, it can be found in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. In ancient manuscripts it was called the symbol of immortality, the sacred banyan. The tree continuously expands in breadth, constantly forming additional trunks. Ficus Bengali begins his life as an epiphyte. Reaching for air roots to the ground, the plant roots them and turns into powerful trunks, which then chokes the host tree.

It has the following varieties and varieties:

var. Benghalensis - leaves with distinct venation, forming a dark pattern on the leaf plate;
var. Krishnae - named after Krishna, has brightly colored veins on its funnel-shaped leaves;
Audrey - a variety with narrower leaves, on the upper side of which there are white specks, is well suited for bonsai.

Grandma ficus in a pot has many varieties and varieties. Now the ficus is again experiencing a wave of popularity. And there are new varieties with a variety of decorative leaves.

Do you have a ficus?