The combination of two vowel sounds in one syllable

First letter "d"

Second letter "i"

The third letter "f"

The last letter of the letter is "g"

Answer for the question "A combination of two vowel sounds in one syllable", 7 letters:
diphthong

Alternative crossword questions for the word diphthong

Two-element vowel sound, e.g. (ai), (au)

The combination of two unseparated vowel sounds in one syllable

Vowel duet

A couple of vowels

Definition of the word diphthong in dictionaries

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(from Greek díphthongos ≈ two-vowel), a combination of two vowels (syllabic and non-syllabic) in one syllable. For example, French. They differ: D. ascending, in which the syllabic-forming element is the second of its constituent vowels. For example, French...

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
-a,m. In linguistics: a combination in one syllable of two vowel sounds not separated by consonants. adj. diphthong, -aya, -oe.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998 The meaning of the word in the dictionary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
DIPHTHONG (from the Greek diphthongos - two-vowel) is a complex vowel sound consisting of two elements - syllabic and non-syllabic, forming one syllable, for example, French, English,. In an ascending diphthong, the second element is syllabic,...

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Diphthong (from - “twice, twice” + - “voice, sound”, literally “with two sounds” or “with two tones”) - sounds, the articulation of which implies a transition from one vowel sound type to another. Typically, one of the components of diphthongs is...

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. D.N. Ushakov
diphthong, m. (Greek diphthoggos) (lingual). Combining two vowels into one syllable; the same as two-vowel.

Examples of the use of the word diphthong in literature.

The first sounds produced by a child are most likely unarticulated affricates and diphthongs, either vowels or consonants.

In addition to the Latin letters of the classical era, digraphs are used to indicate diphthongs and for fixing fricative consonants that have arisen as a result of recent sound transitions.

Blaine listened to their fricatives and emphatic accents on diphthongs.

Blaine listened to the placement of fricatives and emphatic accents on diphthongs in their speech.

It has been estimated that only regarding the homoousian question - the philological-theological problem associated with the utterance diphthong, - hundreds of thousands of people lost their lives as champions and victims of the faith.

In the proposed exercises, the unity, duration of pronunciation, and breadth of sound of several vowel sounds are worked out. Two or more sounds must be pronounced on one exhalation, as one long sound with active articulation. Combinations of two or more vowel sounds create the conditions for optimal voice training.

Exercise 1

While exhaling smoothly, pronounce combinations of two, three, four or more vowel sounds continuously and continuously. Pronouncing sound combinations will require a longer exhalation, so you need to take in enough air so as not to feel a lack of it.

Exercise 2

Repeat combinations of two or three or more vowels two to six times together, as if continuously pronouncing one sound.

2 times aee aeoaeo

3 times aaaaaaaaaaaaaao

4 times aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaao etc.

Write down the combinations you have made and practice them.

Exercise 3

In a continuous line of sound of all vowels, highlight the indicated sound with a longer duration, but without pressure, smoothly merging it with the subsequent ones.

U o a e and y u O a e and y u o A e and y

u o a E and y u o a e I y u o a e and Y

a I and I y I y o I e I and a I o I u I e

Then, feeling a single line of sound, softly pronounce the vowels with short pauses, exhale rhythmically.

U - O - A - E - S - U

Exercise 4

Connect combinations of vowels and sounds into a single sound line u.

u u o u u a u u e u u and u u y u.

Switch to the speech method of pronouncing vowels:

Ooh! Wow! UE! Oooh! UY!

Exercise 5

In combinations of two to six vowels, highlight the stressed sound with a higher volume of sound.

Option 1: ae aeou aeouyi

aeo aeoy, etc.

Option 2: aeoyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

aeouyi aeouyi aeouyi, etc.

Make sure to follow the rules of speech breathing and clear articulation.

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Pronounce a series of vowel sounds with a change in stress and a change in the tempo of pronunciation.

Make the impact sound louder:

a o u y e and

a o u y e and

a o u y e and

Speed ​​up and slow down the tempo of your pronunciation:

a o u y e and

a o u y e and

a o u y e and

Exercise 8. Sound ladder

Pronounce vowel sounds and syllables, raising (lowering) the pitch on each subsequent sound (syllable). A kind of staircase is formed along which the sound “climbs” up and “descends” down.

Do not Cry! Maintain freedom of sound.

Exercise 9. Poultry yard

Practice pronouncing consonant sounds in different keys. Summon animals by pronouncing syllable chains together, with expressive intonation.

Whoop-whoop-whoop-whoop...

Chick-chick-chick-chick...

Type-type-type-type...

Sing-sing-sing-sing...

Gul-gul-gul-gul...

Kiss-kiss-kiss-kiss...

Tega-tag-tag-tag...

Tel-tel-tel-tel...

Coward, tremble, tremble, tremble...

Ku-ka-re-ku... Ku-ku-ku-ku...

Tick-tock-tick-tock...

Kva-kva-kva...

Drip-drip-drip...

Working on words

The word is the basic unit of speech communication. Often one word replaces an entire sentence.

The vowel sounds in a word are pronounced at different pitches, which gives the word a special musical expressiveness. Thus, stressed syllables are pronounced longer with pronounced changes in voice pitch. This makes it possible to better convey feelings and thoughts through oral speech. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully train in mastering the elements of the word. The rules of pronunciation remain the same: softly, smoothly, at a moderate pace, while exhaling, clearly articulating each sound.

Exercise 1

Continuous pronunciation of only the vowel sounds of a word (word outline) while maintaining the natural intonation of the word. The stressed sound should sound louder and longer than the other vowels in the word.

Say the outline of the word beginning with a stressed iotated sound (one-syllable, two-syllable, three-syllable, four-syllable) and the word itself.

Sample:

I- poison yaa- pit yaea- sneak

poison anchor furious

yak box berry

yar skiff apple

south young boy

Youth youth skirt

skid skirt Jurmala

spruce tree cringe

ruff hedgehog spruce

hedgehog brush were driving

Pronounce words starting with stressed vowels in the same way. a, o, u, e, and.

il epic ethics

viola export opera

he wasp lake

x morning fishing rod

hell duck from afar

as willow hedge

Pronounce words beginning with a consonant in the same way, with the emphasis on the first syllable.

Say words starting with vowels and consonants, with emphasis on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th syllables. Clear emphasize the stressed vowel sound.

For example:

and I'm charging

and and u - institute

interest accent

cinema glass

springboard manufactory

department store calendar

Make lists of words based on this principle and practice the exercise.

Exercise 2

Say combinations of words together on one exhalation, like a compound word.

aria - aria - aria

role - amphora - aster

blow - damage - lesson

department - surgery - ophthalmologist

humoresque - humorist - comedians

Pay special attention to the economical use of air and the correct emphasis on the stressed vowel sound.

Exercise 3

Say each word twice, changing the place of stress, while maintaining the natural intonation of the word.

Exercise 4

Say the words, paying attention to the soft voice And unity, with clear emphasis on the stressed syllable.

frost-resistant natural science

high-yielding complex

antipyretic metal-cutting

fireproof rarely used

oil refinery freshly smoked

aircraft-building potent

woodworking wild

national economic topical

right bank sci-fi

Central Asian Far Eastern

Exercise 5

Say four words together on one exhalation, eliminating unnecessary ones on the topic.

Robbery, disappearance, arson, earthquake, attack.

Hammer, nail, pliers, axe, chisel.

Milk, cream, cheese, lard, sour cream.

Leaf, bud, bark, tree, branch.

Success, victory, luck, peace of mind, winning.

Nest, hole, anthill, chicken coop, den.

Minute, second, hour, evening, day.

Hate, despise, be indignant, be indignant, punish.

Birch, pine, tree, oak, spruce.

Soon, quickly, hastily, gradually, hastily.

Exercise 6

Pronounce words based on vowel sounds (“with a breakthrough”), reviving the named object in your mind.

For example:

House! Sun! Discipline! A-le-nush-ka! Ka-te-ri-na!

Evolution! Right! Circle! Step-by-step march!

Exercise 7

Continue the rows of words.

Speak- excitedly (affectionately, mockingly, quietly, irritably, etc.).

Listen- benevolently (trustingly, approvingly, attentively, etc.).

Sight- lively (sly, intent, direct, etc.).

Speech- smooth (expressive, emotional, intelligible, etc.).

Exercise 8

Select verbs that characterize the way of pronunciation. Make up phrases.

For example: answered succinctly.

He stammered... asked... shouted... doubted... grumbled... moaned... chattered... yelled... whispered... exclaimed... etc.

Combinations of consonants and vowels

The letter combination ngu followed by a vowel is pronounced as [ngv] followed by a vowel: lingua [lingua] - language, sanguis [sanguis] - blood.

The combination ti before vowels is pronounced [qi]: articulatio [articulatio] - joint, virulentia [virulence] - virulence. However, if the combination ti + vowel is preceded by the consonants s or x, then the letter t is pronounced like a regular consonant [t]: digestio [digestio] - digestion, mixtio [mixtio] - mixing.

The combination of su followed by a vowel is pronounced as [sv]: consuetudo [consvetudo] - habit, suavis [svavis] - pleasant.

Pronunciation of consonant combinations

In Latinized Greek words there are combinations of consonants with the letter h. The combination ch is pronounced as [x]: bronchiolus [bronchiolus] - bronchiole, Chrysidoidea [chrysidoidea] - glitter wasps.

The combination ph is pronounced as [f]: photophilus [photofilus] - photophilic, polyphagus [polyphagus] - polyphag.

The combination rh is pronounced as [r]: Rheum [reum] - rhubarb, Rhizocephala [rizocephala] - root-headed.

The combination th is pronounced as [t]: Anthozoa [anthozoa] - coral polyps, Arthropoda [arthropoda] - arthropods.

The letter combination sch is pronounced as [сх]: schizogonia [schizogonia] - schizogony, ischiadieus [ischiadicus] - sciatic.

Pronunciation of vowel combinations

Combinations of two vowels can be pronounced as one sound or syllable. Usually four such combinations are used: ae, oe, au, eu, they are conventionally called diphthongs.

The combination ae is transmitted as [e]: arteriae [arterie] - arteries, Algae [alge] - algae.

The combination oe is expressed by the sound [e]: amoeba [amoeba] - amoeba, Foeniculum [feniculum] - fennel, dill.

The combination au is expressed in one syllable as [av] or Belarusian [ay]: auris [avris] - ear, caudalis [kavdalis] - tail.

The combination eu is transmitted as Russian [ev] or Belarusian [ey]: Eucalyptus [eucalyptus] - eucalyptus, pleura [pleura] - pleura. It should be borne in mind that the combination of eu at the end of a word before the consonants m and s does not constitute a diphthong and is divided into two parts: calcaneus [calcaneus] - heel, peritoneum [peritoneum] - peritoneum.

Sometimes in biological names there is a Greek diphthong ei, which is pronounced like [hey]: Teichodectidae [teichodectide] - lice eaters, seirosporae [seirospore] - seirospores.

In some cases, the combinations ae or oe do not constitute a diphthong, and each vowel must be pronounced separately. To do this, place a colon over the second vowel: aеr [aer] - air, uropoеticus [uropoeticus] - urinary, Aloe [aloe] - aloe.

Pronunciation of consonants

The letter c is pronounced as [ts] before the vowels e, i, y and the diphthongs ae, oe: cervix [tserviks] - neck, cervix, Picidae [picide] - woodpeckers, zoocoenosis [zoocenosis] - zoocenosis. In other cases (i.e. before vowels a, e, u and consonants (except h), the letter c is pronounced as [k]: caulocarpus [caulocarpus] - stem-bearing, cranium [cranium] - skull, coracoclavicularis [coracoclavicularis] - beak-shaped -clavicular.

The letter g is always pronounced as [g]: genotypus [genotypus] - genotype, marginalis [marginalis] - marginal, located on the edge.

The letter h is pronounced like the Belarusian or Ukrainian [g] in the words guy, herd, etc.: homo [homo] - person, Hydrargyrum [hydrargyrum] - mercury. This letter should not be pronounced like the Russian [g], although the letter “g” is used when transliterating Latin words containing the letter h.

The letter k is used in words of non-Latin origin, especially in cases where it is necessary to convey the sound [k] before the vowels e, i, y: Kalium [kalium] - potassium, kurilensis [kurilensis] - Kuril, oligokinesia [oligokinesia] - inactivity.

The letter l is pronounced softly [l] before vowels and before consonants: lambliosis [giardiasis] - giardiasis, pulmo [pulmo] - lung, tridactylus [tridactylyus] - three-fingered.

The letter q is used only in combination with the vowel u and the vowel following u (a, e, i, o, u). Such combinations are rendered as [kv] followed by a vowel: aqua [aqua] - water, liquidus [liquidus] - liquid, Quercus [quercus] - oak.

The letter s between vowels or next to the consonants m or n is pronounced as [z], in other cases as [s]: plasma [plasma] - plasma, Rosa [rose] - rose, Succisa pratensis [succiza pratensis] - meadow greenweed.

The letter z is usually found in words of Greek origin and is expressed with the sound [z]: Oryza [oriza] - rice, trapezius [trapezius] - trapezoidal. An exception is the word Zincum [zinc].

Short suffixes:

In addition to suffixes, morphological frequency elements that are stable in terms of graphics and semantics in biological terminology include final two- and (less often) three-syllable word-forming elements, which most often go back to Greek nouns and adjectives, and sometimes to Latin verbs. The penultimate vowel of these derivational elements is sometimes long, but in most cases it is short. The first group includes three word-forming elements:

Frequency word-forming elements with a short penultimate vowel:

When pronouncing terms with the suffixes indicated above and final word-forming elements containing the penultimate vowel, which is short in nature, you should be especially careful to avoid errors in the placement of stress, which may be caused by stress in Russian terms, cf.:

Depending on its location or composition, a syllable can be long:

1. If the vowel is before two or more consonants: Angiospermae - angiosperms, camprestris - field, cryptocarpus - cryptocarpus, maxilla - upper jaw.
However, before combining one of the so-called silent ones (b, c, d, g, p, t) with a smooth one (l or r), the vowel can remain short or be long depending on the original shortness or length: cerebrum - brain, Ephedra - ephedra, but: cicatrix - tripe, salubris - healing, Sanquisobra - burnet.
2. If the vowel is before the consonants x and z: reflexus - reflex, Glycyrrhiza - licorice.
3. If the syllable includes a diphthong: centrosphaera - centrosphere, oligocoenum - Oligocene.

Orthoepy is definitely one of the most difficult topics in the Russian language. The problem is that even native speakers cannot always tell how to pronounce a word correctly. Of course, in most cases we intuitively know this, but sometimes the combination of sounds in a word confuses us too. Are there any rules that can make the life of a Russian-speaking person easier and help him avoid mistakes at least in this? They definitely exist. Welcome to the dark world of confusing Russian spelling.

Vowel combinations

Let's start, perhaps, with vowel sounds - they are less influenced by their neighbors. The combination is usually pronounced according to the rules of orthoepy. The only caveat is that if before - e, yu, i, yo- there is another vowel, then these sounds, so to speak, bifurcate: - e- becomes [ye], - Yu- turns into [yu], - e- will turn to [yo], and - I- will be pronounced as [ya] - these are the so-called iota vowels, in which the overtone of this very sonorant appears. In addition, “yotishness” also appears at the beginning of a word (for example, “ pit" sounds like [ yama]), and also after the dividing soft and hard signs ([ blizzard] And [ paddezd]). By the way, even if a vowel comes before another vowel in another word (-r I said-), the iotaness will still be present.

It should also be noted that the most successful position for vowels is stressed, it is in this position that the sounds are heard most clearly.

And practice

Let's consolidate the combination of two vowel sounds by transcribing several words: independence, canyon, huntsman, pouring, classification, adagio, youth, bright top, traveling, apple, variation, arrival, fair, country Japan, singing.

Consonant combinations. Identical at the junction of morphemes

It's not so easy with consonants. Everything matters here: neighboring sounds, the position of the sound in a word (in its morphemes) and many other factors.

The first question is the combination of consonant sounds at the junction of morphemes, especially identical sounds. We have all come across words like - long, reason, program -, and we pronounce them without thinking at all. And at the same time, there are certain rules and phonetic laws that explain these phenomena. So in words like - sew, reason, fake- a combination of several sounds is pronounced as one, just longer: [ ˉsewing, reason, craft]. Yes, there is another phenomenon observed here - the likening of one consonant sound to another, which will be explained later. The main thing to understand is that in any case, identical sounds at the junction of morphemes turn into one.

What if they are in the same morpheme? At the root, for example

But what about the combination of sounds in a word that is at the root? In modern Russian, such cases practically never occur - they are typical mainly for borrowed words ( gamma, process). So, such combinations are also pronounced as one sound, but not long, but short. In a number of borrowed words these changes are visible to the naked eye: attack (from attack) corridor (from corridor).

Identical sounds in the Russian language at the junction of morphemes become one long, but if they occur in one morpheme, a root, for example, then this longness does not appear. Another important note: two identical sounds are never written side by side; if you need to show that this sound will be long, a horizontal line is placed above it - a special phonetic sign.

What is assimilation?

The next phenomenon associated with the concept of a combination of sounds in a word is assimilation. Assimilation is the likening of the pronunciation of one sound to another; there are several types of this phenomenon, defined depending on the sounds influencing each other. Let's look at each of them.

Assimilation by voicedness/voicelessness

Assimilation in terms of voicedness and deafness manifests itself at the junction of a voiced and a voiceless consonant; accordingly, such a combination is alien to the Russian language, so the first sound is influenced by the second, becoming deafened or voiced. Scientifically, this is called regressive assimilation.

Changes occur in the following cases:

1. At the junction of morphemes: PROBLEM- voiced -zh- under the influence of voiceless -k- also becomes deaf
2. At the junction of prepositions and words: covered in snow- voiced -d- is influenced by the voiceless -s-, becoming deafened
3. At the junction of words and particles: goT something- stunning again due to the influence of the deaf -t-
4. In notational (words that have lexical independence - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) words that are pronounced without a pause between them: rock goats- voiced -g- is deafened under the influence of the neighboring voiceless -k-.

As can be seen from the examples, stunning occurs much more often than voicing. However, this rule does not apply to sonorant sounds in Russian ( Trend- according to the rules one should pronounce [ Drend], but due to the peculiarities of Russian orthoepy, the first consonant does not undergo changes) and to consonants before the overtone -й-, appearing in iotal vowels: [ oTYezd], although this word should sound like [ oDYezd].

Assimilation by softness

Let's move on to the next type of assimilation - softness. It is also regressive - that is, the first sound is subject to the influence of the subsequent one. This change occurs before:

1. Vowel: [e] - m"El - chalk;[And] - drank- drank
2. Soft consonants: inside a word ( KAZ"n" ); at the junction of morphemes ( S"m"ena).

Suspiciously simple

But there are a number of exceptions to this rule. The combination of sounds in a word is not subject to assimilation:

1. At the junction of words ( VOT l"es) - by analogy with assimilation in terms of voicedness/voicelessness, a softening should have occurred, but this situation is an exception.
2. Labial consonants - b, p, c, f- before dental - d, t, g, k, x- (PT "enchik, VZ"at)
3. - AND , w, c- are never soft, moreover, soft consonants do not appear before them. The only exception to this rule is [ l/l"]: END-koL"tso.

Thus, it is impossible to say that assimilation in terms of gentleness is so strictly subject to the rules governing it. There are a number of nuances that should never be forgotten.

Assimilation by hardness

The next type of mutual influence is assimilation in hardness. It occurs only between the root and the suffix: slesar" - metalsmith- that is, a suffix that begins with a hard consonant affects the previous sound. Again, there are exceptions: assimilation will not occur before - b- (proZ"Ba), and will not obey the rule [ l"] (pol"e - pol"ny).

Assimilation before the hissing ones

The number of sounds in a word is influenced by another type of assimilation - whistling - h, s- before the hissing ones - w, h, f-. In this case, the first sound merges with the second, becoming absolutely similar to it: sew - sew, with fervor - ˉHeat. The same rule applies for - d, t- before - h, ts-: oˉOdd. This type of assimilation also extends to combinations - LJ- And - zzh- at the root of the word (- Later - later). Thus, due to this type of assimilation, the number of sounds in a word is one less than letters.

Unpronounceable consonants

No one has canceled the phenomenon of In some places, some sounds simply cannot be pronounced - one might say that they fall out. This phenomenon is perfectly demonstrated by the combination of sounds in a word - stn, zdn, stl, ntsk, stsk, vstv, rdts, lnts-, For example HONEST, LATE, FEELING, SUN. There are certain difficulties associated with it: some are guided by the so-called phonetic principle of writing (as I hear, so I write), therefore, if a consonant is not pronounced, it should not be in the word. Unfortunately, it is not. So you definitely need to select it to check if any sound is missing in this situation: honest - honor, late - late - They usually look for words where there will be a vowel or sonorant after the consonant, which will allow the sound to appear most clearly.

Not quite a combination, but a bit about stunning

Continuing the theme, it should be noted that these sounds tend to become voiceless at the end of a word, regardless of the preceding vowel or consonant. We are speaking vice instead of threshold And hammer instead of YOUNG. This phenomenon leads to the emergence of so-called homophones - words that are spelled differently, but are pronounced the same, as the same hammer(as a tool) and young(as a short adjective). The spelling of the consonant at the end of such words should be checked.

And a little bit of history

In the Russian language at the beginning of the last century, the assimilation of sonorants was popular, that is, for example, a consonant - R- in the word army, it was pronounced not firmly, as is usual for us, modern native speakers, but softly army. At the moment, this phenomenon is practically not observed.

Repetition is mother...

You can consolidate all of the above by transcribing the words below:

vegetable garden, laughter, absence, apple, premonition, hail, droid, savannah, civilization, mirage, burn, report, mailing, fill out, refusal, fun, grass, power, pours, bribe, access code, Kiev, year.

Finally

A word, a syllable, a sound - this is how you can imagine the orthoepic hierarchy of the Russian language. And it is impossible to say that everything is easy in it. Using the simplest example of consonant combinations, we were convinced that intuition is not always enough to pronounce a word correctly. Let's at least try to speak correctly in order to preserve all the beauty and richness of our language. It's not difficult at all.

ALPHABET

Phonetik

Consonants

1. The letter Hh is read at the beginning of the word

Rh is read as R: Rhein

Th is read as T: Thema, These

Ph is pronounced "f"

sch is read like the Russian “sh”

b) like the Russian “s” at the end of a word and before a vowel

3. The letter Kk is read as “k”

Karl Kampf Kraft Kennen

The combination ck is read as “k”

entwickeln Entwicklung Druck Eindruck

The combination chs is read as “ks”

wachsen sechs Wachstum Fuchs

The letter "x" is read as "ks"

Text Lexik Praxis Alexander

4. The letter Ss is read as “k”, “ts”, “sh”

6. The letter Vv is read as “f”

8. The letter Gg is read as “g”

The letter Gg in borrowed words is read as “zh”

Stunning voiced consonants at the end of a word

3. eu, äu - oh

The letter "u" is read as ü